scholarly journals Evaluation of hepatoprotective potential of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera in albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Monica Sharma ◽  
Anand Gaur ◽  
Pinki Vishwakarma ◽  
Raj Kumar Goel ◽  
K. K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Herbal Plant ◽  
Biochemical Examination

Background: Hepatic diseases are a major cause of morbidity and disability of work force throughout the world. The treatment of hepatic diseases with standard drugs poses the risk of toxicity on various organ systems. Withania somnifera, a herbal plant has been claimed to be effective in the treatment of various types of hepatic conditions. The present study was undertaken to explore the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (AEWS) in experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.Methods: The study was commenced after obtaining approval from institutional animal ethical committee using AEWS leaves in Albino wistar rats (150-200 gm) of either sex. The hepatoprotective activity was evaluated using biochemical examination. The animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. In each experiment, first group was given normal saline (1 ml/kg/day), second group was injected with toxin CCl4 (1 ml/kg) i.p only once to produce hepatotoxicity, third and fourth groups were given Withania somnifera orally (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) (respectively), as a single dose per orally every morning and fifthgroup was given standard drug Liv-52 (1 mg/kg).Results: Aqueous extract of Withania somnifera leaves in oral dose exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect in all models used in this study.Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that aqueous extract of Withania somnifera leaves possesses hepatoprotective activity.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract ofTabernaemontana divaricata(L.) R. Br. against DEN and Fe NTA Induced Liver Necrosis in Wistar Albino Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannappan Poornima ◽  
Palanisamy Chella Perumal ◽  
Velliyur Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Tabernaemontana Divaricata ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study is an attempt to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity ofTabernaemontana divaricataagainst DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis in rats. Ethanolic extract of the whole plant ofTabernaemontana divaricataat doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and 5-fluorouracil (standard drug) was orally administered to male Wistar Albino rats once daily for 24 weeks, simultaneously treated with the carcinogen DEN and Fe NTA. In simultaneously treated animals, the plant extract significantly decreased the levels of uric acid, bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP in serum and increased the levels of liver marker enzymes in liver. Treatment with the extracts resulted in a significant increase in the levels of antioxidants accompanied by a marked reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde when compared to DEN and Fe NTA treated group. When compared with 200 mg/kg bw rats, 400 mg/kg bw rats and 5-fluorouracil treated rats showed better results in all the parameters. The histopathological studies confirmed the protective effects of extract against DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis. Thus, it could be concluded that the use ofTabernaemontana divaricataextract in the treatment of carcinogen induced hepatic necrosis.

scholarly journals Tamarix dioica (Ghaz) Protective Potential in the Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Sumra Komal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Hepatic diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite overall advancements in health care, mortality due to hepatic diseases is constantly growing. More than 2 million people globally are estimated to die each year from liver diseases, and current treatment offers little for its management. Thus, it is essential to find more effective and less toxic pharmaceutical alternatives for the treatment of liver diseases. Aims & Objectives: Tamarix dioica, a shrub broadly used in herbal medicine for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. The current study was designed to analyze the hepatoprotective effect of T. dioica in BALB?cmice against CCl4-induced acute liver damage. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in NIH, Islamabad, Pakistan, for six months in 2016-2017. Material & Methods: For in vivo evaluation, the animals (n= 42) were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6), three control (i.e. Group, I or normal control, group II or induction control received 0.9% normal saline orally, and Group III or positive control received silymarin 100 mg/kg per oral), and four treatment groups (i.e. IV, V,VI and VII were treated with oral T.dioica 200 mg/kg/day, 300mg/kg/day methanol extract, 200mg/kg/day and 300mg/kg/day of aqueous extracts respectively for six days, followed by intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 on the seventh day. The blood samples were collected for analysis of LFTs, and hepatic tissue was taken for histological analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16, one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results: CCl4 induction in Group 2 resulted in severe hepatic derangement manifested as highly elevated mean LFTs (ALT 7245.56, AST 3292.11, ALP 340.09 U/L, bilirubin 4.64 mg/dl) as compared to healthy controls (ALT 38.97, AST 50.20, ALP 57.17 U/L, bilirubin 1.25 mg/dl: (Group 1) levels p<0.001. Pretreatment with different extracts of T.dioica for 6 days before CCl4 administration produced varying degrees of hepatoprotection. 300mg/kg aqueous extract T.dioica (Group7) prevented damage with maximal hepatoprotection, reduced LFTs (ALT: 339.95 , AST: 242.90 , ALP: 116.86 U/L, bilirubin: 1.38 mg/dl) and normalized liver histology as compared to Group 2 and standard drug silymarin 100mg/kg, (ALT: 6483.23, AST: 2567.69, ALP: 272.19 U/L, bilirubin: 2.84 mg/dl: Group 3) p<0.001. Lesser hepatoprotection was provided by T.dioica aqueous extract 200mg/kg (ALT: 439.93, AST: 367.87, ALP: 180.62 U/L bilirubin: 1.53 mg/dl: Group VI) and least by 300mg/kg & 200mg/kg methanolic extracts Groups V & IV (ALT: 6338.06, 6443.91, AST: 2800.81, 3012.34, ALP: 242, 248 U/L & bilirubin: 2.82 & 3.62 mg/dl) respectively. Further, no drug-induced toxicity symptoms were observed 24 hours after administration of the high dose oral T. dioica 2000 mg/kg/body weight aqueous and methanolic extracts were administered. Conclusion: Pretreatment with T. dioica extracts especially 300mg/kg aqueous extract reduced acute CCl4-mediated liver damage, ameliorated histopathological as well as biochemical parameters and was free of toxicity in 2000mg/kg /body weight dose in the mice experimental model. T. dioica has potential in hepatoprotective drug research.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) Aqueous Extracts in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats)

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
LF Zitte ◽  
RS Konya
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Nociceptive Responses

Antinociceptive is reducing sensitivity to painful stimuli for the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive potentials of graded doses of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) aqueous extract in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats) and its chemical pattern by comparing it with a standard drug and a control using the hot water based flick tail test. Thirty five adult rats of both sexes were used for the experiment which, were divided into five groups of seven rats per group. Group one was used as the control (with 1ml normal saline), while groups two, three and four were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extracts and group five treated with 15 mg/kg Aspirin (a standard drug) as positive control. Hot water at 550C was used to determine the nociceptive responses of the animals to detect anti-nociceptive effects of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts as compared to the control in hot water inflicted pain. The results suggested that Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extract exhibits antinociceptive properties against thermal stimulus at 550C. The diversity of individual animals’ pain tolerance threshold when immersed in hot water was also observed during the experiment. However, the extract indicated a high degree of anti-nociceptive effect at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post treatment period, with a progressively longer threshold time for pain sensitivity. It was also found that at 90 minute period, the control portrayed a relatively short response time.KEY WORDS: Anti-nociceptive, threshold pain, Pleurotus ostreatus, hot water test flick tail.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of cardamom against gentamicin induced hepatic damage in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aboubakr ◽  
Abdelazem Mohamed Abdelazem
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

<p>The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of cardamom in acute experimental liver injury induced by gentamicin. Twenty four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (six rats in each). Animals of the first group served as control and orally (p.o.) received (1 ml/kg saline). The second experimental group was given gentamicin (80 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days. Third and fourth groups were given aqueous extract of cardamom (100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) + gentamicin for 7 days, respectively. The degree of hepatoprotection was measured using serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, albumin, and lipid profile levels. In the acute liver damage induced by gentamicin, cardamom aqueous extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of AST, ALT, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol) in gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity. Also cardamom aqueous extracts (100 &amp; 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the lowered serum levels of albumin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) in gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity rats. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues supported the hepatoprotection. Our findings concluded that cardamom aqueous extracts possessed hepatoprotective activity against gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity in rats.</p>

scholarly journals Comperative phyto toxicological and anti inflammatory effects of leaves extracts of holoptelea integrifolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Hina Yasin ◽  
Shaukat Khalid ◽  
Hina Abrar ◽  
Ghazala H Rizwani ◽  
Rehana Perveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Etoac Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Plants play valuable role in the new drug discovery and significantly used to treat different diseases. Nowadays scientists are investigating the therapeutically active phytochemical constituents that are safe and producing lesser side effect in comparative to other standard drugs.Methods: The plant Holoptelea integrifolia is medicinally important and this study was carried out to evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of the leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia in male albino rats wistar stain treated with acetic acid to induced paw edema.Results: Result indicated the significant anti-inflammatory activity while compared with standard drug (diclofenac sodium).Brine shrimp bioassay (cytotoxicity), phytotoxicity, insecticidal and enzyme inhibition activity was performed in different extracts of the leaves of H. integrifolia. Results of brime shrimp bioassay indicating positive lethality at high dose in BuOH and H2O only. While the results of phytotoxicity in all crude extracts displayed mild phytotoxicity(46.3 µg/ml) in high concentrations (1000 µg/ml) except H2O extract showed no phytotoxicity. Result of insecticidal activity revealed that BuOH extract were found more effective against Rhyzoperthadominica, the EtOH extract expressed major while EtOAC extract showed mild activity against Callosobruchusanalis. Aqueous extract possessed no insecticidal activity.Conclusion: Results of Urease inhibition activity suggested that EtOAC and BuOH extracts of this plant expressed no activity while EtOH and H2O possessed mild inhibiting activity.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.212-217

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PORTULACA OLERACEA LINN. LEAVES IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
M. Medhabati ◽  
L. Babycha ◽  
L. Tarinita ◽  
Bikram Tewari ◽  
Saumya Kanti Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Action

In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea (POE 200, 400 and 600mg/kg) was studied using carrageenan induced paw oedema in albino rats. The mean increase in paw volume was recorded. POE produced significant (p<,0.01) anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the control. The anti-inflammatory action of POEcan be attributed to its flavonoid contents which are known to act through inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. However, the test drug at maximum dose (600mg/kg) was found to be less effective than the standard drug, aspirin (100mg/Kg).

scholarly journals Phytoconstituents Isolation and Hepatoprotective Activity Potential of Averrhoa bilimbi Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 573-581
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Prabhu ◽  
Ronald Fernandes ◽  
K. Adarsha Govinda
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Plant Chemical

Objective: To isolate and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude ethanolic leaf extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Methods: The leaves of Averrhoa bilimbi were extracted by cold maceration using ethanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. Plant chemical constituents were isolated using column chromatography and characterized by IR,1HNMR,13CNMR and mass spectroscopic values. Albino rats were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude ethanol extract and the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant paracetamol. Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury – such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) – and liver function such as bilirubin were measured along with histopathological examination. Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies shown the presence of n-docosanoic acid and beta sitosterol from petroleum extract and from ethyl acetate a flavonoid apigenin.The ethanol extract suppressed the plasma levels of AST, ALT and ALP (P=0.05) in the aforementioned doses. Maximum hepatoprotective activity was observed at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: Averrhoa bilimbi is endowed with hepatoprotective activity, probably with the presence its chemical constituents like sterols,flavonoids and terpenoids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant activities of Aqueous extract from Bryophyllum pinnatum on Carbon tetrachloride-induced albino rat tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Yemisi Rufina ALLI SMITH ◽  
Bukola Tola ALUKO ◽  
Olutunmise Victoria OWOLABI
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Oxidative Injury ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Oxidative injury or cellular damage arising from free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. These ROS are generated through normal metabolism of drugs, environmental chemicals and other xenobiotics as well as endogenous chemicals. Accumulated evidence suggests that ROS can be scavenged through chemoprevention utilizing natural antioxidant compounds present in foods and medicinal plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum using carbon tetrachloride-induced albino rats as model. An in-vivo antioxidant activity was carried out on the CCl4 induced rats by administration of aqueous extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum at doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/Kg bw for 14 consecutive days, and one group was treated with Silymarin at a dose of 50 mg/Kg as a standard drug. The antioxidant activities were estimated by evaluating its effects on antioxidant parameters in the tissues of albino rats (Serum, Liver and Heart). The activity of catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of MDA and GSH were evaluated in tissue homogenates. Results showed that the rats fed with the higher concentrations of Bryophyllum pinnatum had significant increase (p<0.05) in glutathione content (GSH), GPx, SOD and catalase activities relative to normal and standard control. However, the level of MDA was decreased (p<0.05) for the treated groups (100 and 200mg/kg). These results suggest that aqueous extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum has active substances contributing to varied degrees of potent antioxidant activity and could serve as important source of antioxidants in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Oxidative injury, Bryophyllum pinnatum, antioxidant, Diseases, Tissues

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory activity of Mashaparni - Teramnus labialis Spreng

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta . ◽  
Seema Pradeep ◽  
Shiva Manjunath M.P
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Paw

Background: Mashaparni is a plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and used in ayurvedic system of medicine and is being used in diet by various people of India and it also forms a part of traditional Indian cuisine. Teramnus labialis Spreng as accepted botanical source of Mashaparni. Mashaparni is widely used as Balya drug as mentioned by Charaka acharya in Balyamahakashaya gana. Hence this study is aimed to evaluate the Immunomodulatory activity of Mashaparni. Methodology: Experimental studies to determine the Immunomodulatory activity of Mashaparni Teramnus labialis Spreng by antigen induced rat paw oedema in Wister albino rats and the drug in the Aqueous and Ethyl extract form respectively. The studies were carried out on 4 groups i.e. Control group, Standard group, Aqueous extract and Ethyl extract form. Standard drug taken for the study is Guduchi Tinospora cordifolia in Ethyl extract form. Immunomodulatory activity determined by Delayed Type Hypersensitivity method with the help of Digital Plethysmograph method for duration of 15 days. The rat paw volume was the assessment parameter and the results were recorded at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 24th hours after induction of antigen. Results: The Aqueous extract of Mashaparni shows a significant Immunomodulatory action compared to Ethyl extract of Mashaparni.

scholarly journals Evaluation of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant activity of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) roots in albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Sarita Panigrahy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
Off Time

Background: Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to treat both muscle spasm and spasticity, acting both as antispasmodic and antispasticity agents. In past studies some polyherbal formulations containing ashwagandha have shown skeletal muscle relaxant activity and fat extract of ashwagandha showed skeletal muscle relaxant activity in experimental animal models. This study is designed to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant activity of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) roots in albino mice, as the literature regarding them is limited.Methods: Standard drug (diazepam) and different doses of Aqueous extract of ashwagandha (50, 100,150mg/kg) were given orally to albino mice. Skeletal muscle relaxant activity was assessed by Rota-rod apparatus. The fall off time from the rotating rod was noted for each group after 1 hour of drug administration. The difference in fall off time from the rotating rod between the standard and treated mice was taken as an index of muscle relaxation.Results: The test extract at doses (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg) showed highly significant reduction in the time spent by the animals on revolving rod in rota rod test when compared to baseline (p <0.0001). As compared with diazepam, aqueous extract (150mg/kg) showed almost equal reduction in the time spent by the animals on revolving rod in rota rod test.Conclusions: This study indicates that the aqueous extract of ashwagandha possess central skeletal muscle relaxant activity. The results are promising for further investigation of efficient skeletal muscle relaxant activity.

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