The Effect of Artesunate and Brotowali (Tinospora Crispa) Combination on Histopathological, and Expression of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kβ) in Renal Tubules of Mice Infected With Plasmodium Berghei

Brotowali (BR) extract (Tinospora crispa) can be used as an antimalarial. Aim: to determine the effect of BR extract in histopathological and expression of NFκB in mice tubules infected by Plasmodium berghei treated by artesunate (AR). Method: we used 42 C57BL / 6J strain mice as experimental animals, which were randomly divided into 7 groups : negative control (NC), positive control (PC), treatment group consist of AR 32 mg/kb (group 1); BR 70 mg/kg (group 2), combination of AR+BR 50 mg/kg (group 3), AR+BR 60 mg/kg (group 4), and AR+BR 70 mg/kg (group 5). Histological examination (hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining) and expression of NFKB (immunohistochemical staining) in the kidneys were performed on 7th and 14th. Result: compared to PC group, BR with doses of 70 mg until 14th day, improved the degree of tubular necrosis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration (p <0.001) but did not reach NC group (p <0.05). The combination of AR+BR until the 14th day with dose of 50, 60, 70 mg all of dose improves significantly in-term of degree of tubular cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. The degree of interstitial fibrosis on 14th day only improved in group 4 and 5 (p<0.001 and p=0.003). The level of NF-kB expression on day 7 and day 14 was reduced in group 2, group 4, and group 5 compared to PC group. There was positive correlation on 7th and 14th between NF-kβ expression and tubular degeneration, tubular cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis. Conclusion: the combination of AR+BR extract can improve histopathological features and reduce NF-kβ expression in mice tubules infected by Plasmodium berghei with an optimal dose was 60 mg/day for 7-14 days or 70 mg for 7 days.

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Histological and Weight Changes in the Testes of Plasmodium Berghei- Infected Swiss Mice Treated with Chloroquine

Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Toxicology ◽

10.54987/jebat.v4i2.633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

N.S. Etukudoh ◽

A.B. Deko ◽

Uchejeso Obeta ◽

S.K. Oyero ◽

O.R. Ejinaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Control Group ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Swiss Mice ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Chloroquine has gained great emphasis in the treatment of malaria. This study sought experimentally to determine the histomorphological and weight changes in the testes of male mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine. The study used 30 Swiss mice divided into five groups. Group 1 is Control that was not infected with Plasmodium berghei and not treated with chloroquine as control, Group 2 is Plasmodium (Plasmodiul berghei) Infected animals but not treated, Group 3 is Plasmodium Infected animals + Chloroquine (5mg/kg), Group 4 is Plasmodium Infected animals + Chloroquine (10mg/kg) and Group 5 is Plasmodium Infected animals + Chloroquine (15mg/kg). The mice were treated for 7 days after parasitaemia was confirmed and the Group 2-5 testes studied with reference to Group 1. The results showed that the Group 2 showed a little distortion, difference in spermatogenic activities and increased cellular activities; Group 3 showed large, convoluted tubules, moderate number of spermatids and large interstitial spaces, Group 4 showed Large seminiferous tubules, large spermatids, increased distortion and group 5 showed shrinking of seminiferous tubules, degeneration of interstitial cells of Leydig cells and Sertolic cells with spermatids. Groups 1-5 showed no significant effect in in body weights and testes weights of Swiss mice. Plasmodium berghei (malaria) and chloroquine have effects on histomorphological structures of Swiss mice testes but not on their teste’s weights. The testicular section from Swiss mice infected with malaria and treated at various doses when compared with the Control (Group 1) showed some moderate distortion in some structures like seminiferous tubules, connective tissues between the tubules, lumen and interstitial spaces. It can be deducted that Plasmodium berghei which caused parasitaemia in mice could cause a little tissue effect on mice if not treated.

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Stromal Cell-Derived Factor (SDF)-1-Pretreated Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Ameliorates Acute Kidney Injury in Mice

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1166/jbt.2021.2701 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1255-1262

Author(s):

Xiaohui Dong ◽

Xifeng Lv

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽

Cell Infiltration ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Cytokines ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stromal Cell Derived Factor ◽

Group 2 ◽

Experimental Group

To explore the effects of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1) pretreatment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. BMSCs were cultured and treated with SDF-1 to detect osteogenic and adipogenic ability. Cisplatin (20 mg/kg) was used to establish AKI model and then divided into blank group, control group 2 (BMSCs injection), and experimental group (intraperitoneal injection of BMSCs treated with SDF-1 (80 ng/ml)) followed by analysis of serum cytokines (Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukine-6 (IL-6)) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In cultured BMSCs, positive rates of CD29, CD44, CD45, and CD11b were 98.2%, 97.6%, 2.5% and 2.1%, respectively. When the concentration of SDF-1 was within 80 ng/mL, the chemotaxis and proliferation ability was dose-dependent (p < 0.05). SDF-1 pretreatment did not affect BMSCs adipogenic and osteogenic abilities. The creatinine and serum cytokines (TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-6) level in experimental group showed statistical significance (p < 0.05). At 24 h, thrombosis and tubular dilatation in the mesangial region of control group 2 and experimental group under light microscope were similar without difference of inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. At 72 h, the glomerular mesangium widened in control group 2 with focal segmental sclerosis, renal tubules dilated, and protein casts and inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. Experimental group showed a small amount of cell proliferation in the glomerular mesangium with few inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. SDF-1 can enhance the migration and proliferation activity of BMSCs, reduce extracellular matrix precipitation, improve renal fibrosis, and alleviate AKI.

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The Effect of Exposure of Cigarette Smoke With Herb Additives on Leukocyte and Lung Histopathology of Mice (Mus musculus)

BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) ◽

10.33474/e-jbst.v7i1.442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 118-130

Author(s):

M Luthfi Ardiansyah ◽

A.A.S.A Sukmaningsih ◽

Inna Narayani

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽

Cell Infiltration ◽

Control Group ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Cell Necrosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Smoking habits have been around since ancient times, but nowadays this habit is considered to be detrimental, especially to health. The impact that is often felt by smokers is difficulty in breathing because the lungs are exposed to cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke contains about 1015-1017 oxidants or free radicals, as well as 4700 harmful chemicals, including aldehydes / carbonyls, NO2, and SO2. Herbal cigarettes are tobacco cigarettes with added ingredients from plants. Gurah terapi sin cigarettes are herbal cigarettes that are sold commercially. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gurah cigarette smoking on the leukocytes and lung histology of mice. This study used a comparative method consisting of 3 groups, namely the control was not exposed to cigarette smoke, treatment 1 was exposed to commercial cigarette smoke and treatment 2 was exposed to cigarette smoke with herbal ingredients and each group consisted of 10 replications. The results showed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) regarding the number of cell necrosis, type II pneumocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, and alveolar dilation. While the results of the analysis of the number of leukocytes showed no significant difference where p > 0.05. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the number of leukocytes in the control group, treatment 1 and treatment 2 (p > 0.05). herbs containing various kinds of antioxidants cause a tendency for differences in the number of leukocytes where there is a decrease in the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils and an improvement in the histopathological structure of the lung against type I pneumocyte cell necrosis, hemorrhage, alveolar dilation, type II pneumocyte cell proliferation, and inflammatory cell infiltration in exposed mice. commercial cigarette smoke without herbal ingredients.

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Ethanolic Extract of Emilia sonchifolia Leaves Possess Erythropoietic and Hepatoprotective Effect in Mice Infected with Plasmodium Berghei Berghei

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2014.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

Innocent A. Edagha ◽

Koofreh G. Davies ◽

Blessing C. Akpan ◽

Christopher C. Mbadugha ◽

Wonderful U. Udoiso

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Test Drug ◽

Group 4 ◽

Bioactive Ingredients ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Aim: This study was designed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Emilia sonchifolia on the haematological parameters and histomorphology of the liver of male Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei (Pbb).Material and Methods: 35 mice were divided into; Group 1 (control) given normal saline 0.3 ml, Group 2 passaged with Pbb only, Group 3 passaged with Pbb, and then treated with Coartem®, Group 4 treated with E. sonchifolia 325 mg/kg only, Group 5 treated with E. sonchifolia 650 mg/kg only, Group 6 passaged with Pbb then treated with E. sonchifolia 325 mg/kg, while Group 7 was passaged with Pbb then treated with E. sonchifolia 650 mg/kg. Pbb was passaged intraperitoneally, while the test drug and extracts was given via orogavage once daily.Results: The result showed significantly (P<0.001) reduced RBC parameters at in Group 5 treated with 650 mg/kg similar with Group 2 compared to Group 1, while there was significant (P<0.01) increased WBC and differentials in Parasitized groups compared with Group 1. The micrographs showed slightly inflamed nuclei in Group 4, with few nuclei shrinkage Group 5, whereas in the parasitized groups treated with the extract there appeared to be hepatoprotection compared to Group 2.Conclusion: In conclusion, the extract promotes erythropoiesis at 325 mg/kg, but was haemolytic at 650 mg/kg, and exerts its effect possibly through an agonistic and a synergistic activity of its rich bioactive ingredients. It showed mild toxic effect in the histomorphology of the non-parasitized mice at 325 mg/kg and 650 mg/kg, and also appeared to offer hepatoprotection in parasitized mice compared to the parasitized group that had no treatment.

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The Protective Effect of Alstonia scholaris R. Br. on Hepatotoxin-induced Acute Liver Damage

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x96000207 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 24 (02) ◽

pp. 153-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Song-Chow Lin ◽

Chun-Ching Lin ◽

Yun-Ho Lin ◽

S. Supriyatna ◽

Shiow-Lin Pan

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽

Cell Infiltration ◽

Cell Necrosis ◽

Alstonia Scholaris ◽

Liver Injuries ◽

Serum Transaminases ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Histopathological Effects

The hepatoprotective effect of Alstonia scholaris R. Br. on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), ß-D-galactosamine, acetaminophen and ethanol were investigated by means of serum-biochemical and histopathological examinations. Post treatment of A scholaris reduced dose-dependently the elevation of serum transaminases level and histopathological changes such as cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, which were caused by the single administration of 32 μl/kg CCl4 or 600 mg/kg acetaminophen in mice. A. scholaris significantly lowered 288 mg/kg ß-D-galactosamine induced serum transaminases elevation in the serum-biochemical analysis in rats. A tendency was also shown to inhibit cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by ß-D-galactosamine in histopathological examination. All serological and histopathological effects of A. scholaris were compared with those of Bupleurum chinense, which has been reported previously as a treatment criteria of hepatitis.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIPLASMODIUM FRAKSI N-HEKSANA DAUN Peronema canescens TERHADAP Mus musculus

Alotrop ◽

10.33369/atp.v1i1.2712 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fenny Andriani ◽

Agus Sundaryono ◽

Nurhamidah Nurhamidah

Keyword(s):

Alternative Medicine ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Herbal Remedy ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Peronema canescens (Sungkai) has been used in Bengkulu as raw herbal remedy to reduce the fever, some people are using as a malaria drug. P. canescens leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids – steroids .This study aims to analyze the effect of P. canescens leaves n-hexane fraction. against paracetemias in Mus musculus infected with Plasmodium berghei, then to prove whether the . P. canescens leaves n-hexane fraction has potential as alternative medicine for malaria . To make P. canescens extract , leaves was macerated using EtOH (96%), then filtrate was evaporated using a rotary evaporator, then fractionated with n-hexane. The 25 healthy M.musculus weighing 20-40g each, infected with P.berghei, grouped into 5 ie group 1 (K-) was treated orally with aquades, group 2 (K +) was treated orally with 0.42 mg of Chloroquine, Group 3 (P1) Group 4 (P2), group 5 (P3) was treated orally with a P. canescens leaves n-hexane fraction each at a dose of 0.028 , 0.056 and 0.084 g / kgBW. After 3 days of digestion for each treatment, the amount of erythrocytes was calculated under a microscope. : The giving of the with dose 0,028 g / kgBW able to inhibit paracetemia 33,49%, 0,056 g / kgBW able to 57.91% and 0,084 g / kgBW able to 61.69% The conclusion is the P. canescens leaves n-hexane fraction at a dose of 0.028 , 0.056 , and 0.084 g / kgBW orally wil be decreased the amount of paracetemia in M.musculus, and the higher the dose given the higher percent of the inhibition.

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Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on Haematological Parameters and Differential Cells in Plasmodium Berghei-infected Albino Mice

International Journal of Pathogen Research ◽

10.9734/ijpr/2021/v7i230176 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

G. S. Haruna ◽

M. O. Enemali ◽

I. I. Achimugu ◽

R. Isah ◽

M. Miftahu

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Group 4 ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Hematological Changes

The current study evaluated the hematological changes in albino mice following infection with P. berghei and treatment with sodium bicarbonate; an alkaline substance intended to alkalinize the pH in the parasite environment. Twenty albino mice were randomly divided into five groups of four mice each. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were the test groups and administered 84mg/kg b.w of sodium bicarbonate injection once, twice and thrice respectively. Groups 1 received dH20, group 2; only P. berghei. Three days later, hematological parameters and differential cells were analyzed. PCV was significantly (p<0.05) lower in groups 2(32.00±0.70), 3(34.00±0.70), 4(34.00±0.70), 5(33.00±0.70) compared to control (35.00±0.70). Haemoglobin decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 5 (11.00±0.70) compared to control (11.80±0.70). WBC showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the test groups; 2(3600.00±70.71), 3(4600.00±70.71), 4(4800.00±70.71), 5 (4800.00±70.71) compared to control (3200.00±70.71). Platelets decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the test groups; 2(90.00±.70), 3(87.00±.70), 4(84.00±.70), 5(86.00±.70) compared to control (92.00±.70). The percentage neutrophils was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group 2(61.00±0.70), significantly (p<0.05) lower in groups 3(58.00±0.70), 4(57.00±0.70), 5(57.00±0.70) compared to control (60.00±0.70). Leucocytes increased significantly (p<0.05) in groups 2(36.00±0.70), 3(38.00±0.70), 4(38.00±0.70), 5(40.0±0.70) compared to control (32.00±0.70). Monocyte was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the test groups; 2(2.00±0.07), 3(2.00±0.07), 4(2.00±0.10) and 5(1.00±0.89) compared to control (4.00±0.07). Eosinophils decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 2(1.00±0.35), increased significantly (p<0.05) in group 4(3.00±0.70) compared to control (2.00±0.70). Basophils were not detected in neither of the groups. This study revealed that sodium bicarbonate administered to albino mice infected with P. berghei caused the elevation of some hematological parameters and differential cells.

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Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079851 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 484-485

Author(s):

P. Bagavandoss ◽

JoAnne S. Richards ◽

A. Rees Midgley

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Granulosa Cell ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Follicular Development ◽

Female Rats ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

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