scholarly journals Study of Bali cattle physiological parameters during sea transport on camara nusantara ships

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Adam Kustiadi Nugraha ◽  
Rudi Afnan ◽  
Epi Taufik ◽  
Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Cattle Health

There have never been specific research or study about cattle health during shipment using a Camara Nusantara ship as a mode of transportation. The objective of this study was to investigate the ship environment and physiological responses of cattle during transport from Tenau Port (Kupang) to Tanjung Priok Port (Jakarta) using Camara Nusantara 3 ship. The sample of 12 Bali cattle was determined using the purposive sampling total of 250 Bali cattle during transportation. Physiological parameters (including rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate) were used to evaluate the welfare status and stress level of animals, during the respective transport journeys. Transient changes in physiological parameters were found in the transported animals from day 2 to 4 relative to baseline levels, and the values were within the mild stress level of physiological range for the age of animals involved. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in rectal temperature, humidity, and temperature humidity index (THI). Using factorial Analysis of variance (ANOVA), there was an interaction between deck and day trip in the respiratory rate parameter. The cattle regained their initial normal range of physiological level and had slightly recovered by the time of their arrival on the 5th day of the journey.

Study on Comparison Between Lignocaine and Lignocaine-Xylazine on Caudal Epidural Injection on Fogera Breed Cow in Gondar University Dairy Farm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endalkachew hailu ◽  
Gashaw Kasse
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Caudal Epidural

Abstract Background: Caudal epidural anesthesia commonly utilized in veterinary practice to allow diagnostic, obstetrical, and surgical interventions in the perineal region of cows. An experimental study conducted on epidural anesthesia from October 2018 to March 2019 on 6 cows with repeated treatments after one week by two groups of anesthetic drugs. Methods and materias First Lignocaine is given for Group-I of cows in the first intercoccygeal space and then the same animals after one week injected Lignocaine-Xylazine together in the intercoccygeal space. The Clinical-physiological parameters such as the onset of analgesia, duration of analgesia, ataxia, sedation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature between the two groups studied by compression. Finally, the significance of the change in the study unit between Lignocaine and Lignocaine-Xylazine analyzed according to SPSS version 19 for t-test and P-value <0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results: There was no significant change that appeared between the onset of analgesia of Lignocaine (4.3±0.6min) alone and Lignocaine-Xylazine (4.9±1.1min) injection together (t=1.17; P>0.05). This indicates that the addition of Xylazine to Lignocaine does not significantly delay the onset of anesthesia. However, there was a significant difference observed in the duration of analgesia between two groups (t=13.2; P<0.05) with Lignocaine-Xylazine (259.5±12.38min) longer duration than Lignocaine alone (84±4.05min). This indicates that Lignocaine and Xylazine have an additive effect on the duration of analgesia. In the case of physiological parameters, there were significant variations in heart rate (t=7.5; P<0.05) with Group II cows lower in heart rate than Group I cows. Statistically, a significant difference was also observed on respiratory rate (t=2.13; P<0.05) in which the addition of Xylazine on Lignocaine significantly lower breathing rate than Lignocaine injection alone. Finally, on rectal temperature, there was no statistically significant difference appeared (t=1.7; P>0.005) with rectal temperature in Group I cows (0.15± 0.28 OC) and in Group II cows (0.9±0.31 OC) which indicate that addition of Xylazine to Lignocaine lower rectal temperature similar to Lignocaine injection alone. Mild ataxia was observed in three groups I, cows, and there was no sedation and salivation noted at all. In Group II, cows mild to severe ataxia, deep sedation, salivation, and falling observed. In both groups, there was no anesthetic complication during epidural analgesia and after recovery noted.Conclusion: generally this study showed that, combination of Lignocaine and Xylazine have an additive effect on the duration and quality of analgesia.

scholarly journals Feeding systems and productive and physiological parameters of lambs raised under heat stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez-Carías ◽  
José Israel Suárez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jonathan Collazo ◽  
John Fernández-Van Cleve
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System

The objective of this study was to determine physiological parameters (rectal temperature = RT, respiratory rate = RR, heart rate = HR) and production parameters (dry matter intake = DMI, water intake = WI, average daily weight gain = ADG, and feed conversion = FC) of crossbred and Katahdin lambs raised in rotational grazing of native pastures (NP) and in confinement under heat stress conditions. Nine crossbred lambs (average initial weight = 19.4 kg) were used and fed in a rotational grazing system for 70 days with occupation and rest periods of seven and 21 days, respectively. The lambs had daily access to the grazing area for four to six hours, grass hay and water ad libitum, a daily supplement of 100 g of commercial concentrate and a nutritional block. In the confined system, six lambs of the Katahdin breed (average initial weight = 27.3 kg) were used, and for 28 days these were fed total mixed rations (TMR) containing 30% grass hay, 15.4% soybean meal, 54.6% corn grain and a mineral block. The diet contained 14% Crude Protein (CP) and 66% Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and was formulated for an ADG of 200 g. The offered and rejected feed was quantified every day [4% body weight (BW)/dry matter basis (DMB)] to determine the DMI, and the volume of water offered and rejected to determine WI. To validate the stress conditions, the maximum environmental temperature and relative humidity were monitored to calculate the temperature and humidity index (THI), and the RT, HR and RR of the 15 lambs were determined. The lambs were weighed every seven days. In both experiments, the THI oscillated between 78 and 80. The lambs were under environmental heat stress conditions (THI x̅ = 79) during both studies. The averages of HR and RT in the grazing system were 118.0 beats per minute and 38.6° C, while the averages under the confinement system were 108.6 beats per minute and 39.4° C, respectively. The average RR (53.6 and 62.6 breaths per minute, in grazing and in confinement, respectively) was greater than the normal value considered for thermal comfort. Respiratory rate is the main mechanism used by lambs to dissipate heat. The heart rate also showed slightly higher values than those reported for animals in their comfort zone. However, the rectal temperature values were constant. As expected, crossbred lambs fed under grazing conditions with naturalized pastures (NP) had a low ADG (55.6 g). Nevertheless, Katahdin lambs fed in confinement with TMR had a DMI of 935.4 g/day (3.14% BW/DMB), a WI of 3.5 L/day, a FC of 4.74 and an ADG of 226.2 g. In conclusion, raising crossbred sheep in rotational grazing of NP without any type of agronomic management results in ADG that could not be considered viable in traditional production systems. The introduction of pure breeds and feeding them in confined systems with a TMR results in a pre-determined ADG (>200 g/day) and is an alternative that can be evaluated economically for its practical implementation.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of caprines raised under different types of covering

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 910-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso Y. Kawabata ◽  
Lindalva de A. de Jesus ◽  
Ana Paula V. da Silva ◽  
Thiago V. R. de Sousa ◽  
Luis F. B. da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

Thermal discomfort inside facilities is one of the factors responsible for low productivity of caprines in the Brazilian Northeast region, because inadequate weather conditions can cause elevated rectal temperature, increased respiratory rate, decreased food ingestion and reduced production. The present paper aimed to study the behavior of physiological thermoregulation of the animals (respiratory rate - RR and rectal temperature - RT) at four different times of the day (8 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m. and 5 p.m.) and their relation to bioclimatic indexes (Temperature Humidity Index - THI, Black Globe Humidity Index - BGHI and Radiant Heat Load - RHL) in order to determine whether the type of covering used in the animals facilities (ceramic covering - CC, asbestos cement covering - AC and straw covering - SC) interferes with the physiology of thermoregulation. The time of data collection was related to the values of environmental and physiological variables. At 2 p.m. it was found the highest values of Radiant Heat Load on the three types of covering. The values of RT and RR were higher at 11 a.m. and 2 p.m., and the straw tile provided better thermal conditions of microclimate for the animals. The increased RR maintained the caprines homeothermy.

scholarly journals Physiological Response of Reared Bali Cattle Based on Different Peat Land Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
H. Hermawansyah ◽  
S. Salundik ◽  
Rudy Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

This study aimed to investigate the effect of microclimate conditions within cattle houses at wet peatlands and dry peatlands on Bali cow's physiological responses.  The study was carried out from November 2017 to February 2018 in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. There were 58 heads of Bali cows used in this study, comprising 38 cattle at wet peatland in Jabiren Raya sub-district and 20 animals at a dry bog in Maliku sub-district. The observed parameters included microclimate conditions. It was air temperature, humidity, and temperature-humidity index, THI and wind speed, physiological responses (respiratory rate, pulse, and rectal temperature) and leucocyte (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio). The results indicated that the morning microclimate at wet peatland showed significantly (p<0.05) lower humidity, higher THI, and wind speed than that at dry land. The marked difference of microclimate between the two locations in the afternoon occurred only on wind speed.  There were differences between dry and wet peatlands in Bali cow's physiological responses, including respiration rate in the morning, the pulse at noon, rectal temperature in the afternoon, and leucocyte.  However, the local cattle' physiological responses kept in wet and dry peatland were still under normal conditions.

scholarly journals Thermography and physiology of stress in dairy calves in outdoor holding pens covered with geosynthetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 787-793
Author(s):  
Jéssica C. D. Campos ◽  
Roberta Passini ◽  
Kaio F. M. do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Drainage Layer ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Comfort Indices

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the environmental variables, thermal comfort indices and physiological responses of calves in outdoor holding pens shaded with geosynthetics. Twenty crossbred females (Giroland, Jersey and Holstein) in the suckling phase (from birth to 90 days old) with an average initial live weight of 40.6 kg were used. A completely randomized block design was used, in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme with five replicates. The roofing materials (polyethylene mesh, geocomposite drainage layer, nonwoven geotextile and woven geotextile) were the first factor and time periods (8 to 10 a.m., 12 to 2 p.m. and 4 to 6 p.m.) the second factor. The following environmental variables were measured to calculate thermal comfort indices: temperature-humidity index, black globe-humidity index and enthalpy. The physiological variables analyzed were respiratory rate, rectal temperature and skin temperature. Environmental variables and thermal comfort indices did not differ between the different roof types, however, a significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) was observed between the time periods, with 12 to 2 p.m. being the most critical period. The lowest average respiratory rate (60.3 breaths min-1) and rectal temperature (38.9 °C) were recorded for the animals kept under the geocomposite drainage layer roof. There was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) for interaction between treatment and time periods for the cannon area. The geosynthetics studied can be used as roofing material for outdoor holding pens, with the geocomposite drainage layer being the most indicated for tropical regions.

scholarly journals Cooling ventilation at farrowing for sows from first to third parturition

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Watanabe ◽  
Tatianne Alexandre Azevedo ◽  
Margarita Augusto do Nascimento Silva ◽  
Nathalia Martins Oliveira ◽  
Thalles Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Large White ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Comfort Indices

This study aimed to evaluate the thermal comfort considering natural and cooling ventilation on the performance, physiological parameters and thermal comfort indices for sows from first to third parturition. A total of 30 sows from commercial lineage (genetic base Landrace x Large White) initially weighing 252.3±5.7, 280.8±9.5 and 324.5±4.8 kg at first, second and third parturition, respectively, were distributed in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, considering the three parturition orders and the two ventilation methods, with five replicas per treatment. The effect of ventilation methods and times of the day on relative humidity, radiant thermal load, temperature and humidity index and black globe humidity index. There was an interaction among ventilation methods and parturition order for sow weight at weaning and daily feed intake. Regarding the females physiological parameters, with the exception of rectal temperature, there was an interaction between ventilation methods and times of the day. The thermal conditioning using cooling ventilation provides better values for thermal comfort indexes of the sows and promotes an increase in feed intake, mainly in gilts.

scholarly journals Assessment of changes in physiological parameters and immune marker levels in cattle presented for slaughter at Ikpa Nsukka slaughter abattoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
K. C. Ogbanya ◽  
C. A. Eze ◽  
N. H. Okereke ◽  
C. K. Chukwu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Leucocyte Count ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fréquence Cardiaque ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Immune Marker ◽  
Female Cattle

There is dearth of information on the use of physiological parameters and immune marker levels as indices of stress in cattle presented for slaughter. The objectives of the study were to determine the changes in physiological parameters such as heart rate, pulse rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and to assess the changes in immune marker levels like total leucocyte count, differential leucocyte count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as indices of stress in cattle presented for slaughter at Ikpa slaughter slab. The heart and pulse rates were determined using stethoscope and first and second fingertips count respectively. The rectal temperature (oC) was determined using digital thermometer while the respiratory rate (breaths/minutes) was determined by counting the number of breaths per minute. Blood was collected from 40 cattle at two stages: 1) pre-slaughter and 2) during slaughter. The pre- slaughter and post-slaughter mean values of heart rates in the male cattle were 80.00±7.48a and 112.50±2.87b respectively. The pre-slaughter and post-slaughter mean values of heart rates in the female cattle were 51.33±1.76a and 64.00±2.31a respectively. The pre-slaughter and post-slaughter mean values of respiratory rates in the male cattle were 79.00±6.61a and 33.00±2.52a and 47.00±1.00b respectively. The pre-slaughter and post-slaughter mean values of respiratory rates in the female cattle were 30.67±1.33a and 41.33±3.53b respectively. The pre-slaughter and post-slaughter mean values of rectal temperature in the male cattle were 37.55±0.09a and 38.48±0.13b and 47.00±1.00b respectively. The pre-slaughter and post- slaughter mean values of rectal temperature in the female cattle were 38.63±0.18a and 38.60±0.06a respectively. A slight non-significant increase in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the different sex groups at pre-slaughter and slaughter were observed. In conclusion, changes in heart rate, pulse rate and respiratory rate are more indicative of acute stress which is associated with slaughter processes in Ikpa abattoir.     Il n y a guerre d'information sur l'utilisation des paramètres physiologiques et des niveaux de marqueur immunitaire comme indices de stress chez les bovins présentés pour l'abattage. Les objectifs de l'étude étaient de déterminer les changements dans les paramètres physiologiques tels que la fréquence cardiaque, le pouls, la fréquence respiratoire, la température rectale et d'évaluer les changements dans les niveaux de marqueur immunitaire comme le nombre total de leucocytes, le nombre différentiel de leucocytes et le rapport neutrophile/lymphocyte comme indices de stress chez les bovins présentés pour l'abattage à la dalle d'abattage Ikpa. Les fréquences cardiaques ont été déterminées à l'aide du   Assessment of changes in physiological parameters and immune marker levels in cattle         stéthoscope et le premier et le deuxième doigts comptent respectivement. La température rectale (le 'OC') a été déterminée à l'aide d'un thermomètre numérique, tandis que la fréquence respiratoire (respirations/minutes) a été déterminée en comptant le nombre d'respirations par minute. Le sang a été prélevé sur 40 bovins à deux étapes : 1) avant l'abattage et 2) pendant l'abattage. Les valeurs moyennes des fréquences cardiaques chez les bovins mâles avant l'abattage et après l'abattage étaient respectivement de 80.00 ±7.48a et 112.50±2.87 milliards. Les valeurs moyennes des fréquences cardiaques chez les bovins femelles avant l'abattage et après l'abattage étaient respectivement de 51.33 ±1.76a et 64.00±2.31a. Les valeurs moyennes des taux respiratoires chez les bovins mâles avant l'abattage et après l'abattage étaient respectivement de 79.00±6.61a et 33.00±2.52a et 47.00±1.00b. Les valeurs moyennes des taux respiratoires chez les bovins femelles avant l'abattage et après l'abattage étaient de 30.67 ±1.33a et 41.33±3.53 milliards respectivement. Les valeurs moyennes de température rectale avant l'abattage et après l'abattage chez les bovins mâles étaient respectivement de 37.55±0.09a et 38.48±0.13b et 47.00±1.00b. Les valeurs moyennes de la température rectale avant l'abattage et après l'abattage chez les bovins femelles étaient respectivement de 38.63±0.18a et 38.60±0.06a. Une légère augmentation non significative du rapport neutrophile/lymphocyte dans les différents groupes sexuels au pré-abattage et à l'abattage a été observée. En conclusion, les changements de la fréquence cardiaque, de la fréquence cardiaque et de la fréquence respiratoire sont plus révélateurs du stress aigu associé aux processus d'abattage à l'abattoir Ikpa.

scholarly journals Energy Supplementation during the Last Third of Gestation Improves Mother–Young Bonding in Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Juan M. Vázquez-García ◽  
Gregorio Álvarez-Fuentes ◽  
Héctor O. Orozco-Gregorio ◽  
Juan C. García-López ◽  
Milagros González-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Labor Duration ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Birth Body Weight ◽  
Birth Type

We tested whether maternal energy supplementation during the last third of gestation improves birth weight, neonatal wellbeing, and mother–young bonding. Thirty-six pregnant French Alpine goats were randomly allocated among three nutritional treatments for the last third of pregnancy: (i) Control, fed alfalfa (T-0; n = 12); (ii) alfalfa + 150 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-150; n = 12); (iii) alfalfa + 300 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-300; n = 12). At birth, we collected progeny data on birth weight, birth type, sex, rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, time to standing, time to udder connection, and time to first feeding. For the dams, we collected data on the duration of labor, time to clean the progeny, and time to allow first suckling. At birth, body weight, rectal temperature, heart rate, and the respiratory rate did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). In the dams, labor duration was not affected by the treatments (p > 0.05). The T-150 dams were faster to clean the newborn and allow first suckling (p < 0.05). The T-150 progeny were faster to stand and the T-300 progeny were faster to connect to the udder (p < 0.05). We conclude that energy supplementation of the dam during the last third of gestation does not affect the birth weight of the progeny, but enhances the mother–young bonding.

scholarly journals Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical Summer

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Musa Bah ◽  
Muhammad Afzal Rashid ◽  
Khalid Javed ◽  
Talat Naseer Pasha ◽  
Muhammad Qamer Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Water buffaloes wallow in water to combat heat stress during summer. With the decreasing reservoirs for wallowing, the farmers use sprinklers to cool the buffaloes in Pakistan. These sprinklers use a large quantity of groundwater, which is becoming scarce. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of different sprinkler flow rates on the physiological, behavioral, and production responses of Nili Ravi buffaloes during summer. Eighteen buffaloes were randomly subjected to three sprinkler flow rate treatments in a double replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The flow rates were 0.8, 1.25, and 2.0 L/min. During the study, the average afternoon temperature humidity index was 84.6. The 1.25 and 2.0 L/min groups had significantly lower rectal temperature and respiratory rates than the 0.8 L/min group. Water intake was significantly higher in the 0.8 L/min group. Daily milk yield was higher in the 1.25 and 2.0 L/min groups than in the 0.8 L/min group. These results suggested that the sprinkler flow rates > 0.8 L/min effectively cooled the buffaloes. The sprinkler flow rate of 1.25 L/min appeared to be more efficient, as it used 37.5% less water compared to the 2.0 L/min.

scholarly journals Monitoring of physiological and blood parameters during perinatal and neonatal period in calves

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piccione ◽  
S. Casella ◽  
P. Pennisi ◽  
C. Giannetto ◽  
A. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, and the course of some blood parameters were monitored in calves during perinatal and neonatal periods. The study was carried out on eight Limousine calves. From all subjects, rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured. Blood samples were taken at the same hour (9am) from the external jugular vein, and then centrifuged and stored until analyses. By means of an UV spectrophotometer, the following blood parameters were assessed for each subject: total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, creatinine, cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutirate, glutamate pyruvate transaminases (GPT), glutamate oxalacetate transaminases (GOT), direct and total bilirubin, magnesium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, chloride and sodium. The results showed a significant effect of days of life (P<0.05) only on total cholesterol, creatinine and GOT during the first week of life and a significant effect of days of life on rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, total cholesterol, NEFA, creatinina, and GOT during the first month of life. A correlation among individual values for postnatal age (days of life) and heart rate in calves during the first month of life was observed. In conclusion, modifications of studied parameters could be attributed to functional development of calves in neonatal period and contribute to the knowledge of adaptation processes in calf during the first week and the first month of life resulting useful for the diagnosis and treatment of any neonatal diseases.

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