scholarly journals Cooling ventilation at farrowing for sows from first to third parturition

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Watanabe ◽  
Tatianne Alexandre Azevedo ◽  
Margarita Augusto do Nascimento Silva ◽  
Nathalia Martins Oliveira ◽  
Thalles Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Large White ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Comfort Indices

This study aimed to evaluate the thermal comfort considering natural and cooling ventilation on the performance, physiological parameters and thermal comfort indices for sows from first to third parturition. A total of 30 sows from commercial lineage (genetic base Landrace x Large White) initially weighing 252.3±5.7, 280.8±9.5 and 324.5±4.8 kg at first, second and third parturition, respectively, were distributed in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, considering the three parturition orders and the two ventilation methods, with five replicas per treatment. The effect of ventilation methods and times of the day on relative humidity, radiant thermal load, temperature and humidity index and black globe humidity index. There was an interaction among ventilation methods and parturition order for sow weight at weaning and daily feed intake. Regarding the females physiological parameters, with the exception of rectal temperature, there was an interaction between ventilation methods and times of the day. The thermal conditioning using cooling ventilation provides better values for thermal comfort indexes of the sows and promotes an increase in feed intake, mainly in gilts.

scholarly journals Thermography and physiology of stress in dairy calves in outdoor holding pens covered with geosynthetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 787-793
Author(s):  
Jéssica C. D. Campos ◽  
Roberta Passini ◽  
Kaio F. M. do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Drainage Layer ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Comfort Indices

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the environmental variables, thermal comfort indices and physiological responses of calves in outdoor holding pens shaded with geosynthetics. Twenty crossbred females (Giroland, Jersey and Holstein) in the suckling phase (from birth to 90 days old) with an average initial live weight of 40.6 kg were used. A completely randomized block design was used, in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme with five replicates. The roofing materials (polyethylene mesh, geocomposite drainage layer, nonwoven geotextile and woven geotextile) were the first factor and time periods (8 to 10 a.m., 12 to 2 p.m. and 4 to 6 p.m.) the second factor. The following environmental variables were measured to calculate thermal comfort indices: temperature-humidity index, black globe-humidity index and enthalpy. The physiological variables analyzed were respiratory rate, rectal temperature and skin temperature. Environmental variables and thermal comfort indices did not differ between the different roof types, however, a significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) was observed between the time periods, with 12 to 2 p.m. being the most critical period. The lowest average respiratory rate (60.3 breaths min-1) and rectal temperature (38.9 °C) were recorded for the animals kept under the geocomposite drainage layer roof. There was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) for interaction between treatment and time periods for the cannon area. The geosynthetics studied can be used as roofing material for outdoor holding pens, with the geocomposite drainage layer being the most indicated for tropical regions.

Comfort-energy nexus in naturally ventilated affordable mass housing with alternative constructions in the developing world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshmi Sen ◽  
Shankha Pratim Bhattacharya ◽  
Subrata Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comfort Indices

<p>There is a strong positive correlation between thermal comfort quality experienced inside a building and its energy efficiency. This is more obvious in case of mechanically ventilated spaces where the energy gains are directly related to the thermal load, as compared to free running or naturally ventilated spaces. Current state of arts assess the energy efficiency of building envelops in terms of the cumulative thermal load in the operating phase of the building that are catered by mechanical ventilations. Our study aims at addressing this gap of research in assessing the thermal comfort quality of naturally ventilated residential living spaces. Our study is designed in a warm-humid climate setting and in the context of affordable mass housing in the developing world where mechanical ventilation is unaffordable or affordable only for a definite period of the day and during peak summer seasons; such buildings are said to be operating in temporal mixed mode.</p><p>Affordable mass housing constitutes 95% housing demand in the residential sector in India. Various alternative materials and composite roofing and walling envelops have been envisioned in the past decade for such constructions, however, their effectiveness in terms of comfort quality has not been assessed for naturally ventilated envelops. Our study introduces a model to assess the thermal performance of naturally ventilated bedrooms constructed with alternate building envelop configurations. We attempt to review  and compare alternative walling technologies and the currently emerging mass housing construction systems in India with the base case housing envelop constructions commonly in practice in India that use ordinary burnt clay brick walls and reinforced concrete roofs. We compare the thermal comfort purveyed in the indoor bedroom spaces using the adaptive thermal comfort model in EN15251 as thermal neutrality temperature. We assess and compare alternative envelop performance using two measuring thermal comfort indices suited for naturally ventilated scenarios - the discomfort hours index and the cooling indoor degree hours index. Discomfort hours measures the number of hours of discomfort experienced during the summer solstice and spring equinox months whereas the cooling indoor degree hours measures the cumulative average temperature elevation from the comfort temperature in the hours marked as discomfort hours. In our study, light gauge steel framed structure with foam concrete filling records the minimum number of discomfort hours, however purveys maximum cooling indoor degree hours.</p><p>The above two comfort indices have not been compared in the past to assess the thermal comfort quality in naturally ventilated or temporal mixed mode buildings. Our study frames a thermal comfort assessment model for naturally ventilated envelops and thereby offers a paradigm shift from life cycle cooling load minimization models which are appropriate for mechanically conditioned spaces. Our observations are also important for mass housing envelop selection and in the context of the current policy frameworks in the developing world, aimed at minimizing the projected demand for residential space cooling and future energy footprints in the housing sector.</p>

scholarly journals Thermal comfort index in lactating cows in an adapted free-stall facility

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marcos de Carvalho Vasconcelos ◽  
Sindynara Ferreira ◽  
Elisa De Souza Junqueira Rezende ◽  
José Luiz de Andrade Rezende Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Comfort Indices

This study was conducted to investigate the thermoregulation of Holstein cattle in an adapted free-stall facility at IFSULDEMINAS, Campus Inconfidentes, by measuring thermal comfort indices. The experimental period was from the end of December 2012 to the start of January 2013, in a total of 16 days. 12 multiparous, lactating, black-and-white Holstein cows were used in a free-stall system. Rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded at 3:00 a.m., 7:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 3:00 p.m., 7:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. The results demonstrate that despite the temporal variations that occurred throughout the evaluation days, the confined animals maintained their body temperature in balance.

scholarly journals Study of Bali cattle physiological parameters during sea transport on camara nusantara ships

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Adam Kustiadi Nugraha ◽  
Rudi Afnan ◽  
Epi Taufik ◽  
Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Cattle Health

There have never been specific research or study about cattle health during shipment using a Camara Nusantara ship as a mode of transportation. The objective of this study was to investigate the ship environment and physiological responses of cattle during transport from Tenau Port (Kupang) to Tanjung Priok Port (Jakarta) using Camara Nusantara 3 ship. The sample of 12 Bali cattle was determined using the purposive sampling total of 250 Bali cattle during transportation. Physiological parameters (including rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate) were used to evaluate the welfare status and stress level of animals, during the respective transport journeys. Transient changes in physiological parameters were found in the transported animals from day 2 to 4 relative to baseline levels, and the values were within the mild stress level of physiological range for the age of animals involved. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in rectal temperature, humidity, and temperature humidity index (THI). Using factorial Analysis of variance (ANOVA), there was an interaction between deck and day trip in the respiratory rate parameter. The cattle regained their initial normal range of physiological level and had slightly recovered by the time of their arrival on the 5th day of the journey.

scholarly journals Respon Fisiologis dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein pada Musim Kemarau Panjang di Dataran Tinggi

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana ◽  
Didik Nurul Hadi ◽  
Nur Qoim Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRAK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari respon fisiologi, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah Frisian Holstein pada akhir musim kemarau panjang di Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole, Lembang, Bandung.  Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Parameter mikroklimat yang diamati antara lain adalah temperatur lingkungan, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan angin, radiasi sinar matahari dalam kandang dan Temperature-Humidity Index (THI). Respon fisiologis yang diamati meliputi suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung. Nilai rerata THI (73.93±5.51) menunjukkan sapi perah berada dalam kondisi  stress ringan. Nilai rerata dari suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung secara berurutan 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13 ±3.00 dan 79.74±6.19. Nilai rerata persentase bahan kering, lemak dan protein susu secara berurutan 10,19 ± 0,72, 2,14 ± 0,38 dan 2,50 ± 0,32. Temperatur lingkungan yang tinggi  mempengaruhi respon fisiologis antara lain peningkatan denyut jantung yang lebih tinggi dari normal dan kualitas susu yang lebih rendah.   (Physiological responses and milk qualities of holstein friesian during long dry season at high altitude)ABSTRACT. The objectives of this study were to evaluate physiological responses and milk qualities of dairy cows in Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole West Bandung at the end of long dry season. Samples were determined by using purposive sampling method. Microclimate parameters  were included  ambient temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, solar radiation and temperature-humidity index (THI). Physiological responses consisted of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate. The mean value of THI (73.93±5.51) showed that dairy cows suffered by heat stress. The mean value of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate were 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13±3.00 and 79.74±6.19 consecutively. The average percentage value of dry matter, fat and protein content in milk were 10.19±0.72, 2.14±0.38 and 2.50±0.32. High ambient temperature and low relative humidity affected physiological responses such as pulse rate that higher than normal,  and  lower milk yield.

scholarly journals Microclimate in silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus in rank with different heights

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wander de Souza ◽  
Orlando Rus Barbosa ◽  
Jair de Araújo Marques ◽  
Marco Aurélio Teixeira Costa ◽  
Eliane Gasparino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Heat Load Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

The aim of this work was to verify if the presence of trees and its height in formed silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus planted in rank can modify the microclimate and improve the environment for bovine raising during the day in summer. It was evaluated the microclimate of the environment in formed silvipastoral systems in rank of eucalyptus with 8 m, 18 m and 28 meters of height, compared to a system no shade in the summer. The experimental design was a split plot with six hour time in sub parcels. The systems are made up of parcels and the months as block in four replications and the interaction hour × system. The air temperature, black globe temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were observed to create the following indexes for thermal comfort: temperature-humidity index; black globe-humidity index; heat load index and the radiant thermal load. Excepted for the relative humidity, there was interaction for time × system for all variables and indexes. Interaction occurred for: air temperature at 10 a.m. and 6 p.m.; wind speed from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.; temperature humidity index at 10 a.m. and 12 p.m.; black globe temperature, black globe humidity index, heat load index, and radiant thermal load at all the hours. During the summer, the system with shade of 28 m trees had the lowest average of black globe temperature; wind speed; black globe humidity index; radiant thermal load index; and heat load index. There was a reduction of wind speed average in systems 8 m, 18 m and 28 m trees in, respectively, 20.7; 50.0 and 48.0% in relation to no shade system; however it was not proportional to the height, with influence of the rank porosity and pantries height. Nevertheless, for radiant thermal load index the reduction was proportional to the height of the trees with 10.24; 12.49 and 20.76%, respectively, for 8 m, 18 m and 28 meters of height. There was a reduction of the thermal stress in the environment due to the presence of trees, being the heat load index thermal the index that better demonstrated the effect, despite of not being proportional to the rank height.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort indices in individual shelters for dairy calves with different types of roofs

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia C. de F Fonseca ◽  
Eduardo A. de Almeida ◽  
Roberta Passini
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Comfort Indices

Among the building materials used in rural facilities, roofs are noteworthy for being largely responsible for thermal comfort, influencing the thermal balance within the shelter. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of roof on the Enthalpy (H), Thermal Load of Radiation (TLR), and Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (BGHI) in individual shelters for dairy calves. The design was completely randomized with three treatments: Z - zinc tile, AC - asbestos-cement tile and ACW - asbestos-cement tile painted white on the upper side. The averages were compared by the Scott Knott test at 1% probability. The results showed no statistical difference between treatments (P<0.01) and the external environment for H. For TLR, there was statistical difference among all treatments, where ACW showed the lowest TLR, 489.28 W m-2, followed by AC with 506.72 W m-2 and Z with the highest TLR, 523.55 W m-2. For BGHI, the lowest values were observed for ACW (76.8) and AC (77.4), differing significantly from Z, which obtained the highest value (81.6). The tiles with white paint on the upper side promoted the lowest TLR and the lowest BGHI, favoring the thermal environment in the shelter.

scholarly journals Assessment of surface temperatures of buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) raised under tropical conditions using infrared thermography

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Barros ◽  
L.K.X. Silva ◽  
P.R. Kahwage ◽  
J.B. Lourenço Júnior ◽  
J.S. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Positive Correlations

This paper aimed to evaluate the surface temperatures of buffalo bulls using infrared thermography, considering four distinct anatomical parts over time, and to correlate surface temperatures and thermal comfort indexes. The humid tropical climate (Köppen's Afi) was predominant in the research station where the experiment was performed and the trial lasted from April to August. Ten bulls (n=10) were evaluated every 25 days (morning: 6:00-9:00; afternoon: 12:00-15:00) and the parameters assessed were respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and the thermograms of surface temperature for orbital area (ORB), right flank (RF), left flank (LF) and scrotum (SCR). Climatological data was continuously monitored and the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and the Index of Comfort of Benezra (ICB) were calculated. The average values of THI were ≥78, and significant differences between shifts were observed (P<0.05). The ICB ranged from 1.96 to 2.25 and significant differences were observed for shifts and throughout the months (P<0.05). The averages of surface temperatures were RT=38.2±0.5°C, ORB=36.1±0.8°C, LF=33.5±2.5°C, RF=35.4±1.7ºC and SCR=33.3±1.1°C, which exhibited significant differences for shifts and throughout the months (P<0.05). Positive correlations were obtained between THI and ORB (0.72), RF (0.77), LF (0.75) and SCR (0.41) (P<0.0001). The maximum temperature of ORB showed the highest correlation with RT (0.58, P<0.0001). Therefore, the surface temperatures are subject to climatic variations and increase throughout the day, due to the variation in thermal comfort indexes, and the maximum ORB temperature was the parameter most related to rectal temperature. Lastly, the results indicate that IRT may be a useful non-invasive and accurate tool to detect the variations in ORB, LF, RF and SCR temperature in buffalo bulls.

scholarly journals The effect of the design of housing systems for calves on the microclimatic conditions of the rearing environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Němečková ◽  
I. Knížková ◽  
P. Kunc ◽  
L. Stádník
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Calf Rearing

Abstract. The objective of this study was to compare microclimatic conditions in three different housing systems designed for calf rearing – individual wooden hutches, individual tarpaulin hutches and individual pens under shelter – and to evaluate the thermal comfort of calves reared in these systems. Air temperature, relative air humidity and the rectal temperature of calves (n=324) were measured in the hutches and pens during three consecutive years. The hypothesis that the climatic conditions of different housing system designs used in calf rearing affect the thermal comfort of calves was confirmed, as the design of the individual housing systems affected microclimatic conditions and subsequently the rectal temperature of the housed calves as well. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were found between the shelter and individual outdoor calf hutches in relation to the measured parameters. In the summer, the shelter showed a significantly (P<0.05) lower air temperature and significantly higher level of both relative air humidity and calf rectal temperature. These significantly higher rectal temperatures in both summer and in transitional periods (from March to June and from September to December) can be explained by microclimatic conditions and specifically by the combination of air temperature and the highest relative humidity that caused less comfortable microclimatic conditions for calves. The high relative humidity is probably caused by inadequate ventilation under the shelter. Therefore, new technology of calf housing under shelter could be recommended as suitable housing only if adequate ventilation is provided.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort At The Street Corridor Around Public Places, Case Study Alun-Alun Malang City

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna Winansih ◽  
Antariksa Antariksa ◽  
Surjono Surjono ◽  
Amin Setyo Leksono
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
The South ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Public Places ◽  
South Side ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index

Malang as the second largest city in East Java province become crowded recently. The congestion almost happens everyday. The scenery of the street corridor is full of iron stacks. It is said that Malang city is less comfortable and less walkable. The decrease of this environment encourages to conduct the study (Q.S. 16:90, Q.S. 96:1-5, Q.S. 30:41). The study aimed to analyze the thermal comfort at pedestrian ways around Malang city squares, the street corridor of Merdeka Alun-Alun (MAA) and the Tugu Alun-Alun (TAA). The temperature and relative humidity were measured by multinorm instrument. The THI (Temperature Humidity Index) method was used to analyze the thermal comfort. The results showed that the THI average at TAA (27) were more comfortable than at MAA (27,5). The south side of the MAA corridor became the most comfortable with the THI value of 26,4, which the side covered by trees canopy (Q.S. 7:58). It needs to conduct next research (Q.S. 13:11), because of the change of the activities at these street corridors.

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