scholarly journals Characteristics of Compost from Balinese Cattle Dung (CD) and Rice Straw (RS) using White Rot Fungus (Wrf) (Ganoderma sp) As Bioactivators

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Said ◽  
Jamila Mustabi ◽  
Siti Amelia Putri Syamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Range Of Values

To maximize the performance of the fermentation process, there is a need for a biactivator. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of compost-based waste from cattle dung (CD) combined with rice straw (RS) by applying white rot fungus (Wrf) (Ganoderma sp) as a bioactivator. In this study, 6 types of treatments have been applied, namely T1(CD:RS)(25%:75%)+5% of Wrf; T2(CD:RS)(50%:50%)+5% of Wrf; T3(CD:RS)(75%:25%)+5% of Wrf; T4 (CD:RS)(25%:25%)+0% of Wrf; T5(CD:RS)(50%:50%)+0% of Wrf; T6 (CD:RS)(75%:25%)+0% of Wrf. The study was designed experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD), 6 treatments with 3 replications. Based on the research results, the difference in the ratio of CD to RS and the use of Wrf bioactivator has a significant effect (p<0.05) in increasing the pH, temperature, C-organic and C/N ratio in compost. However, this difference had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the C-organic value. The pH value of compost was obtained with variations of 5.50±0.43-6.73±0.06. Temperature of compost is in the range of values 24.00±0.00-25.67 ±0.58 ºC. The C-organic value is in the range of 24.38±0.48-31.32±0.80%, while the N-organic value varies at 1.34±0.11-2.10±0.15%. The C/N ratio is in the range of 15.00± 0.11-19.33±1.15. Based on the interaction, the results showed that there was a significant interaction (p>0.05) between the use of Wrf bioactivator with the ratio of CD to RS on the parameters of pH, N-organic and C/ Nratio, while, C-organic and temperature had no significant effect. The results of the study was concluded that several test parameters produced compost characteristics that were in accordance with Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) and the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. Compost production using T3 treatment ((CD:RS)(75%:25%) + 5% of Wrf) produces the best characteristics compared to other treatments.

scholarly journals Identification of white rot fungus CP9 and its potential application in biopulping

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hong Lien ◽  
Nguyen Van Hieu ◽  
Luong Thi Hong ◽  
Hy Tuan Anh ◽  
Phan Thi Hong Thao
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
New Production ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers

Wood-rotting fungi represent an important component of forest ecosystems. Among them, white-rot fungi are the most efficient lignin degraders. Biopulping using white-rot fungi in pretreatment of the materials, is one of the solutions to overcome disadvantages of traditional production methods. Today, the isolation and screening of lignin degrading fungi capable for application in biopulping are of keen interest in Vietnam. The use of non–wood, plant fibres in pulp and paper industry, special, agricultural residuces such as rice and wheat straw, sugarcane baggase, cornstalks etc is the new production toward, potential, serving sustainable development. The fungus CP9, which possessed high ligninolytic activity, was identified and studied in pretreatment of rice straw for biopulping. The fruiting bodies of strain CP9 were effuse on trunk. The hymenium was porous and brown white with short tubes, the white mycelia penetrated wood block. The colony was off-white, blossom, irregularly circular. The mycelia were thick and closely bound together. Beside lignin, this fungus could degrade other substrates such as casein, carboxymethyl cellulose and starch. Biological and morphological characteristics of the fungus CP9 suggested its placement in subdivision Basidiomycota. Combined with the results of phylogenetic analysis, which showed 99% similarity of the fungus with species Leiotrametes lactinea, our strain was named as Leiotrametes lactinea CP9. This fungus could grow well on rice straw under solid state fermentation. Pretreatment of rice straw using L. lactinea CP9 was based on the activity of fungal lignin peroxidase and laccase. After 20 days, the residual enzyme activity was of 21.6 and 18.4 nkat/g material for lignin peroxidase and laccase, respectively. Pretreatment significantly improved the quality of straw, as lignin loss of 38% while cellulosic fibers were comparatively well preserved.

Effects of White-Rot Fungus Trametes Sp.lg-9 Treatment on Properties of Chlorine-Containing Bleaching Wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2241-2245
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Pang ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Jia Chuan Chen ◽  
Gui Hua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Low Dosage

Effects of white-rot fungus Trametes sp.lg-9 treatment on properties of chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater were investigated. Trametes sp.lg-9 was cultured in chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater under optimal growth conditions, COD sharply decreased from 10740mg/l to 7811mg/l after 5 days; chroma firstly increased from 6212 degree to 7272 degree at 5 days and then declined to 5303 degree; lignin content firstly increased to 0.33 g/l and then decreased to 0.323 g/l. Separating the crude enzyme solution to treat chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater, demonstrating the suitable temperature of the crude enzyme treatment is 40 °C and the optimum pH value is 5.6. COD, chroma and lignin content of chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater can be significantly reduced by crude enzyme treatment on conditions of low dosage and short time.

scholarly journals Improvement of laccase activity by silencing PacC in Ganoderma lucidum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwen Zhao ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Shuqi Song ◽  
Lindan Lian ◽  
Liang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Copper Binding ◽  
Multicopper Oxidases ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Laccase Genes

Abstract Ganoderma lucidum is a representative white-rot fungus that has great potential to degrade lignocellulose biomass. Laccase is recognized as a class of the most important lignin-degrading enzymes in G. lucidum. However, the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms of laccase are still lacking. Based on the genome sequence of G. lucidum, 15 laccase genes were identified and their encoding proteins were analyzed in this study. All of the laccase proteins are predicted to be multicopper oxidases with conserved copper-binding domains. Most laccase proteins were secreted enzymes in addition to Lac14 in which the signal peptide could not be predicted. The activity of all laccases showed the highest level at pH 3.0 or pH 7.0, with total laccase activity of approximately 200 U/mg protein. Silencing PacC resulted in a 5.2 fold increase in laccase activity compared with WT. Five laccase genes (lac1, lac6, lac9, lac10 and lac14) showed an increased transcription levels (approximately 1.5-5.6 fold) in the PacC-silenced strains versus that in WT, while other laccase genes were downregulated or unchanged. The extracellular pH value was about 3.1, which was more acidic in the PacC-silenced strains than in the WT (pH 3.5). Moreover, maintaining the fermentation pH resulted in a downregulation of laccase activity which is induced by silencing PacC Our findings indicate that in addition to its function in acidification of environmental pH, PacC plays an important role in regulating laccase activity in fungi.

scholarly journals Fermentasi Jerami Padi Menggunakan White rot fungi dan Suplementasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pengaruhnya terhadap Kecernaan Nutrien Secara In Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wardhana Suryapratama ◽  
Fransisca Maria Suhartati
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The influence of rice straw fermentation using white rot fungi and saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on in vitro nutrient digestibilityABSTRACT. An experiment to investigate the effect of rice straw fermented using white rot fungi and Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on nutrient digestibility In Vitro had been implemented in two phases. The first experiments undertaken to make rice straw fermentation, using experimental methods with a Completely Randomized Design. As the treatment were White rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) 0, 5 and 10 g/kg of rice straw (DM basis). Each treatment was repeated six times, so there are 18 experimental units. The variables measured included nutrient content of rice straw. A second experiment carried out in vitro to test the best rice straw fermentation results of the first experiment, using experimental methods, with a Completely Randomized Design. As the treatment were the supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0, 2, 4% of the weight of fermented rice straw, DM basis). The variables measured included digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, cellulose and lignin digestibility of feed containing fermented straw. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance test followed by Orthogonal Polynomials. The results can be concluded that the fermented rice straw using Phanerochaete chrysosporium 10 g/kg of rice straw is the best nutrient content. Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on feed that contains fermented rice straw using Phanerochaete chrysosporium 10 g/kg rice straw is 2%.

Direct ethanol production from starch, wheat bran and rice straw by the white rot fungus Trametes hirsuta

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Okamoto ◽  
Yasuyuki Nitta ◽  
Nitaro Maekawa ◽  
Hideshi Yanase
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Trametes Hirsuta

scholarly journals Statistical Optimization of Conditions for Decolorization of Synthetic Dyes byCordyceps militarisMTCC 3936 Using RSM

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljinder Kaur ◽  
Balvir Kumar ◽  
Neena Garg ◽  
Navneet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Reactive Green 19 ◽  
Optimized Conditions

In the present study, the biobleaching potential of white rot fungusCordyceps militarisMTCC3936 was investigated. For preliminary screening, decolorization properties ofC. militariswere comparatively studied using whole cells in agar-based and liquid culture systems. Preliminary investigation in liquid culture systems revealed 100% decolorization achieved within 3 days of incubation for reactive yellow 18, 6 days for reactive red 31, 7 days for reactive black 8, and 11 days for reactive green 19 and reactive red 74. RSM was further used to study the effect of three independent variables such as pH, incubation time, and concentration of dye on decolorization properties of cell free supernatant ofC. militaris. RSM based statistical analysis revealed that dye decolorization by cell free supernatants ofC. militarisis more efficient than whole cell based system. The optimized conditions for decolorization of synthetic dyes were identified as dye concentration of 300 ppm, incubation time of 48 h, and optimal pH value as 5.5, except for reactive red 31 (for which the model was nonsignificant). The maximum dye decolorizations achieved under optimized conditions for reactive yellow 18, reactive green 19, reactive red 74, and reactive black 8 were 73.07, 65.36, 55.37, and 68.59%, respectively.

scholarly journals Improving Nutritive Value of Purple Field Corn Residue and Rice Straw by Culturing with White-Rot Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Benjamad Khonkhaeng ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Purple Corn

It was hypothesized that white-rot fungus fermented with rice straw and purple field corn improves nutrient utilization via enhanced digestibility and lowers methane (CH4) production due to the effects of the lovastatin compound. The aim of the current experiment was to investigate the effect of inoculation of two fungi belonging to white-rot fungus type on feed value and ruminal fermentation characteristic. The experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized 3 × 3 factorial design: three roughage sources (rice straw, purple corn stover, and purple corn field cob) for three inoculation methods (untreated, P. ostreatus treated, and V. volvacea treated). The two fungi increased concentration of lovastatin when compared to the untreated, and P. ostreatus had higher lovastatin production potential than V. volvacea (p < 0.05). The yield of lovastatin was obtained from rice straw fermentation with P. ostreatus. The monomeric anthocyanin content (MAC) in untreated purple field corn cobs was higher than in the fermentation groups. Ruminal fermentation gas production from soluble fractions ranged from −2.47 to 1.14 and differed among the treatments (p < 0.01). In comparison to all treatments, the gas production rate for the insoluble fraction was significantly highest (p < 0.01) in treatment alone, in which purple field corn stover was fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. There was significant interaction in in vitro dry matter digestibility at 12 h of incubation. Purple field corn cob had a higher significant effect on in vitro DM digestibility at 12 and 24 h after incubation when compared to that of other groups. Moreover, current research has found that roughage fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea increased in vitro DM digestibility at 24 h after incubation. Fermenting roughage with fungi did not affect rumen pH, which ranged from 6.60 to 6.91 (p > 0.05), while P. ostreatus resulted in increased levels of ruminal ammonia-nitrogen concentrations. Propionic acid increased in all roughages fermented with P. ostreatus or V. volvacea after 8 h of ruminal fermentation testing. The two fungi fermented as substrate treatments had significantly lower (p < 0.05) CH4 production. Based on the improved rumen DM digestibility and reduced CH4 production, P. ostreatus and V. volvacea could be utilized for enhancing feeding efficiency of roughage.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN PEDADA (Sonneratia alba) TERHADAP MUTU UDANG API-API (Metapenaeus monoceros) PASCA PANEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Samsu Rizal ◽  
Andi Noor Asiki ◽  
Gina Saptiani
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Metapenaeus Monoceros ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shrimp is a leading commodity traded in local and international markets. The process of deterioration of shrimp quality can be caused by an autolysis reaction. This problem is the rationale for looking for an alternative natural preservative that is harmless and easy to obtain, namely using pedada (S. alba) leaves. This study aimed to determine the effect of pedada leaf extract (S. alba) on the post-harvest quality of fire shrimp and to determine the best concentration in inhibiting bacterial growth during cold storage (5oC). The test parameters observed were TPC, pH, and organoleptic tests. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of P1 (seawater extract + 800 ppm S. alba); P2 (seawater extract + S. alba 1200 ppm); P3 (freshwater extract + S. alba 800 ppm); P4 (freshwater extract + S. alba 1200 ppm); and P5 (control/without extract). The results showed that the immersion of fire shrimp in pedada leaf extract did not affect the TPC and pH values during cold storage, but did affect the organoleptic test for the appearance, smell, and texture specifications of the shrimp. Pedada leaf extract with 1200 ppm seawater as a solvent during cold storage (5°C) obtained the best results with a TPC value of 2.88 log cfu/g, a pH value of 7.12, and an organoleptic value (appearance 7.3, odor 7.3 and texture 7,3).

Effect of fungal degradation on technological properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced polypropylene/rice straw composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112091534
Author(s):  
Behzad Kord ◽  
Nadir Ayrilmis ◽  
Mohammad Dahmardeh Ghalehno
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Fungal Degradation

Effects of fungal decay period on the technological properties of polypropylene/rice straw composites reinforced with different amount of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were evaluated in this research work. The composite specimens were prepared using an internal mixer followed by compression molding. The specimens were then subjected to the fungal decay using white-rot fungus ( Coriolus versicolor) for 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. The degree of fungal attack was recorded by determining the weight loss of the specimens. The physical and mechanical properties including water uptake, flexural strength, and impact strength (IS) were investigated. The results indicated that the weight loss of the specimens was significantly reduced by increasing the CNT loading levels. The weight loss ratio of the specimens with the CNT was lower than that of the specimens without the CNT. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and IS of the specimens exposed to the fungal degradation increased in the presence of CNT. Furthermore, the decayed specimens without CNT had higher water uptake than those of the specimens with CNT. This was attributed to the decrease in the number of cavities on the surface of the composites containing CNT. Based on the findings obtained from the present study, it was concluded that the amount of the CNT should be considered according to the severity and duration of the fungal exposure.

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