Preferensi Masyarakat terhadap Ruang Kota sebagai Tempat Relaksasi

People who live in urban areas tend to have a higher stress level than those who live in rural areas. Level of stress can be prevented and diminished through the establishment of urban relaxation spaces within the city. Urban city planning needs to consider citizens’ preferences as potential users to obtain the maximum result. This study aims to determine the characteristics of preferred urban relaxation spaces within the city. The research was conducted through a grounded theory approach and exploratory qualitative method. Data collection was carried out based on the open-ended online survey questionnaire with a non-random sampling technique. Data was then analyzed by content analysis in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The finding shows that there are six aspects of preferred urban relaxation spaces: the sense of nature, facilities, tranquility, ambience, accessibility, and quality of space. Research is expected to explore new potentials in urban planning in accordance with the characteristics of its citizens.

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PERAN KELUARGA TERHADAP LANSIA di PUSKESMAS REJOSARI

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.33086/jhs.v10i2.132 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Liva Maita

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The Elderly ◽

General Purpose ◽

Health Examination ◽

Family Role ◽

Good Nutrition ◽

The City

In Indonesia the attention to the elderly population increases mainly due to the number that tends to increase rapidly. In 2010, the number of elderly residents living in urban areas was 12,380,321 people (9.58%), and those living in rural areas of 15.612.232 people (9.97%). There is a considerable difference between the elderly in the city and in the village. This difference can be due to the migration patterns of young people to the city and their old age prefer to their village, and villagers have a greater life expectancy because they do not breathe polluted air, do not often face the things that make them more stressful, tentramnya rather than the days of stress, and also because the food consumed is not contaminated with pesticides, thus making them not susceptible to disease. General Purpose Knowledge of family role to health of elderly at Rejosari Health Center Pekanbaru year 2013. Type of research was descriptive. Sample in this study as many as 94 elderly who taken mengguankan purposive sampling technique, the data were analyzed univariat. The result of the research showed the role of family in the health examination of the elderly with good category (88,30%), the role of family in the fulfillment of good nutrition of elderly with good category (98,94%), family role in meeting the needs of rest and sleep of elderly with good category (91, 94%) and the role of family with good category (95%). It is expected that the PHC to improve the Elderly Health Program in PHC through health examination and gymnastics elderly every week.

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Counteracting Hoax in Social Media Through Tabayyun By Islamic Student Community

Ta dib ◽

10.31958/jt.v24i2.4740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

Iredho Fani Reza

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Online Survey ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

False Information ◽

Collection Method ◽

Muslim Students ◽

Student Community ◽

Open Coding ◽

Axial Coding ◽

Exploratory Strategy

This study aims to find out hoaxes on social media and how the form of tabayyun and its implementation can be a method of preventing hoaxes spread on social media. Using this type of research mixed methods with the design of the Sequential Exploratory Strategy. The subjects in this study N Total = 514 who were Muslim students at universities in Palembang City which were determined using purposive sampling technique. The data collection method used an online survey. Data analysis using coding techniques (open coding, axial coding and selective coding) version 9 of the Atlas.ti program and product moment analysis and testing for level categorization of the IBM SPSS version 24 program. This study found, first, the form of hoaxes on social media: 1) News lie; 2) False information; 3) Does not match the facts. Second, students have not implemented tabayyun optimally in responding to news on social media. The form of the application of tabayyun is to seek the truth by thinking critically, observing and confirming the news and information obtained.

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A cross-sectional study to assess knowledge of women about cervical cancer: an urban and rural comparison

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-021-00986-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Małgorzata Lesińska-Sawicka

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Correct Answer ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Average Life Expectancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

The City

Abstract Introduction Cervical cancer and its etiopathogenesis, the age of women in whom it is diagnosed, average life expectancy, and prognosis are information widely covered in scientific reports. However, there is no coherent information regarding which regions—urban or rural—it may occur more often. This is important because the literature on the subject reports that people living in rural areas have a worse prognosis when it comes to detection, treatment, and life expectancy than city dwellers. Material and methods The subjects of the study were women and their knowledge about cervical cancer. The research was carried out using a survey directly distributed among respondents and via the Internet, portals, and discussion groups for women from Poland. Three hundred twenty-nine women took part in the study, including 164 from rural and 165 from urban areas. The collected data enabled the following: (1) an analysis of the studied groups, (2) assessment of the respondents’ knowledge about cervical cancer, and (3) comparison of women’s knowledge depending on where they live. Results The average assessment of all respondents’ knowledge was 3.59, with women living in rural areas scoring 3.18 and respondents from the city—4.01. Statistical significance (p < 0.001) between the level of knowledge and place of residence was determined. The results indicate that an increase in the level of education in the subjects significantly increases the chance of getting the correct answer. In the case of age analysis, the coefficients indicate a decrease in the chance of obtaining the correct answer in older subjects despite the fact that a statistically significant level was reached in individual questions. Conclusions Women living in rural areas have less knowledge of cervical cancer than female respondents from the city. There is a need for more awareness campaigns to provide comprehensive information about cervical cancer to women in rural areas. A holistic approach to the presented issue can solve existing difficulties and barriers to maintaining health regardless of the place of life and residence. Implication for cancer survivors They need intensive care for women’s groups most burdened with risk factors.

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ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS

10.36106/ijsr/5229564 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 24-26

Author(s):

M. Adenna Naik

Keyword(s):

Achievement Motivation ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

High Achievement ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

Made In ◽

Gender Type ◽

Type Of Management

An attempt was made in the present investigation is Aim: Achievement motivation among adolescents. Objectives: To study the inuence of gender, type of management and locality on achievement motivation among adolescents. Sample: The sample of the present investigation was selected 200 adolescent's students in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh State of India. The subjects were in the age group from 15 to 18 years and using systematic random sampling technique. Tool: The Pratibha Deo and Asha Mohan (2011) accomplishment motivation scale was used as a tool. Research Design: As there are three independent variables i.e., gender (male & female), type of management (government & private) and locality (rural & urban), each is divided in to two categories, a 2×2×2 factorial design was employed in the present study. Statistical Analysis: Means, SDs and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. Results: Results revealed signicant impact of gender, type of management and locality with regard to achievement motivation among adolescents. Conclusions: Males have high achievement motivation than females; there is no signicant inuence of type of management on achievement motivation and students of urban areas have high achievement motivation than students of rural areas.

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Identificação de Ilhas de Calor na Cidade de Campina Grande-PB Utilizando Sensoriamento Remoto (Identification of Heat Islands in Campina Grande City-PB Using Remote Sensing)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v9.2.p614-626 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 614 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elânia Daniele Silva Araújo

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Heat Islands ◽

Social Nature ◽

Spatial Changes ◽

Remote Sensing Techniques ◽

The City

A intensa urbanização causa diversos problemas de natureza ambiental, climática e social. O crescimento não planejado da população urbana e a remoção da vegetação são fatores que intensificam estes problemas. As temperaturas na cidade são significativamente mais quentes do que as suas zonas rurais circundantes devido às atividades humanas. As intensas mudanças espaciais em áreas urbanas, promovem significativo aumento na temperatura, causando o chamado efeito de Ilha de Calor Urbano (ICU). Campina Grande é uma cidade de tamanho médio que experimentou um crescimento desordenado, desde o tempo do comércio de algodão e, como qualquer cidade de grande ou médio porte, sofre alterações em seu espaço. Dessa forma, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a variabilidade espaço-temporal da temperatura da superfície (Ts) e detectar ICU, através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Para o efeito, foram utilizadas imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8, dos anos de 1995, 2007 e 2014. Aumentos da Ts foram bem evidentes e foram detectadas duas ICU. Campina Grande mostra um padrão de tendência: o crescimento urbano não planejado é responsável por mudanças no ambiente físico e na forma e estrutura espacial da cidade, o que se reflete sobre o microclima e, em última análise, na qualidade de vida das pessoas. ABSTRACT The intense urbanization causes several problems of environmental, climate and social nature. The unplanned growth of urban population and the vegetation removal are factors that deepen these problems. Temperatures in the city are significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. Large spatial changes in urban areas promote significant increase in temperature, causing the so-called Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Campina Grande is a medium-sized town that experienced an uncontrolled growth since the time of the cotton trade and like any large or medium-sized city, undergoes changes in its space. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze surface temperature spatial and temporal variability and to detect potential UHI, through remote sensing techniques. Spectral images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used. Using images from years 1995, 2007 and 2014, considerable increases in temperature were identified and two UHI were recognize. Campina Grande shows a trend pattern: the urban unplanned growth is responsible for changes in the physical environment and in the form and spatial structure of the city, reflecting on people quality of life. Keywords: change detection, surface temperature, heat islands, urbanization.

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Smear Positive Tuberculosis Cases in Rajshahi District A Comparison Between Rural and Urban Areas

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v17i2.3456 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 104-105

Author(s):

W Wasim Hussain ◽

M Azizul Haque ◽

Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽

ARM Saifuddin Ekram ◽

M Fazlur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Case Finding ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Case Detection Rate ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Rural Settings ◽

The City

This study was designed to know the case finding of sputum smear positive tuberculosis in Rajshahi district and also to see whether case finding was different in urban and rural settings. Our study reveals that case finding rate of smear positive tuberculosis cases in the city corporation area and rural areas of Rajshahi district are 52% and 28% respectively. Case detection rate of total Rajshahi district was 33%. Stronger efforts are needed to reach the national target of detecting 70% new smear positive TB cases by the end of 2005. doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i2.3456 TAJ 2004; 17(2): 104-105

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Cidade de Nampula: a Rainha do Norte de Moçambique

Finisterra ◽

10.18055/finis1501 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (79) ◽

Author(s):

Manuel Mendes Araújo

Keyword(s):

Informal Economy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Migrant Population ◽

The North ◽

Administrative Units ◽

Military Control ◽

The City ◽

Demographic Growth

The city of Nampula, located in the Northern hinterland of Mozambique, has always been considered the «capital of the North». Founded with the aim of ensuring military control over the colonial penetration of the hinterland, it is an important crossroads where the litoral-hinterland and centre-North axes intersect. Just like Mozambique’sother urban areas, the city of Nampula underwent considerable demographic growth in the period that followed the independence of the country, including the period of civil war and the peace that ensued from 1992 onwards. This demographic growth was the result of a significant migration inflow originating in the rural areas. As the city’s infrastructure and economic activity was unable to keep apace with this growth, the idea of migrating to the city with the aim of improving the livelihood of the migrant population was nothing but a mirage, which eventually resulted in the proliferation of the informal economy as a means of livelihood. The «city of concrete» still exhibits a series of urban and demographic haracteristics that differ substantially from those of the surrounding urban administrative units.

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Dating Violence Among Rural Adolescents: Perpetration and Victimization by Gender

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520971613 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052097161

Author(s):

Sarah Taylor ◽

Yan Xia

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Sex Education ◽

Dating Violence ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Online Survey ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Rural Context

Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a serious concern with various negative impacts on adolescent development. Research on ADV has predominantly been conducted in urban areas and has generally focused on physical and sexual forms of violence. The purpose of this study was to assess prevalence rates of various forms of ADV by gender in the rural context. A convenience sample of rural adolescents responded to an online survey. In total, 131 responses were used for this study. Participants reported perpetration and victimization experiences of physical abuse, sexual abuse, threatening behavior, relational aggression, verbal abuse, and cyber dating abuse. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to determine gender differences in proportion and frequency of ADV. Results reveal that various forms of ADV are occurring in the rural context, with many of both males and females reporting perpetration and victimization. Overall, verbal and cyber ADV are the most common. Gender analysis reveals that males were significantly more likely to be victimized by physical abuse victimization, whereas females were significantly more likely to be victimized by sexual abuse. Though the proportion of adolescents reporting ADV were high in this study, most participants reported lower frequencies of ADV. Results support the urgent need in rural areas for education and prevention that target physical, sexual, and psychological components of healthy relationships. Rural dating violence prevention efforts must emphasize the importance of mutual respect across gender, rather than solely presenting this lesson to males in a traditional gendered manner. Results also suggest the need for rural areas to adopt comprehensive sex education that details sexual relationships that are consensual and healthy.

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Formal and Informal Governance Arrangements to Boost Sustainable and Inclusive Rural-Urban Synergies: An Analysis of the Metropolitan Area of Styria

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122410637 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 10637

Author(s):

Theresia Oedl-Wieser ◽

Kerstin Hausegger-Nestelberger ◽

Thomas Dax ◽

Lisa Bauchinger

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

City Region ◽

Informal Governance ◽

Governance Arrangement ◽

Ability To Act ◽

Uniform Region ◽

The City ◽

Governance Arrangements

In the past, the contrasts between rural and urban regions were the primary feature of analysis, while today, spatial dynamics are realized by the interactions between spaces and focus on the dependencies of rural-urban areas. This implies that boundaries are not anymore perceived as fixed but as flexible and fluid. With rising spatial interrelations, the concept of the “city-region” has been increasingly regarded as a meaningful concept for the implementation of development policies. Governance arrangements working at the rural-urban interface are often highly complex. They are characterized by horizontal and vertical coordination of numerous institutional public and private actors. In general, they provide opportunities to reap benefits and try to ameliorate negative outcomes but, due to asymmetric power relations, rural areas are often challenged to make their voice heard within city-region governance structures which can too easily become focused on the needs of the urban areas. This paper addresses these issues of rural-urban partnerships through the case of the Metropolitan Area of Styria. It presents analyses on the core issue of how to recognize the structure and driving challenges for regional co-operation and inter-communal collaboration in this city-region. Data were collected through workshops with regional stakeholders and interviews with mayors. Although the Metropolitan Area of Styria occupies an increased reference in policy discourses, the city-region has not grown to a uniform region and there are still major differences in terms of economic performance, the distribution of decision-making power, accessibility and development opportunities. If there should be established a stronger material and imagined cohesion in the city-region, it requires enhanced assistance for municipalities with less financial and personal resources, and tangible good practices of inter-municipal co-operation. The ability to act at a city-regional level depends highly on the commitment for co-operation in the formal and informal governance arrangement, and on the willingness for political compromises as well as on the formulation of common future goals.

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Methodological Dimensions of Delineating Peri-urban Areas: The Case of Kolkata Metropolis

Environment and Urbanization Asia ◽

10.1177/0975425320938519 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 183-194

Author(s):

Dinabandhu Mondal ◽

Sucharita Sen

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

The Past ◽

Social Transitions ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Metropolitan Cities ◽

Municipal Boundaries ◽

The City ◽

Complex Characters

In the past few decades, due to urbanization and spatial expansion of cities beyond their municipal boundaries, complex interactions between the city and its surrounding rural areas have occurred, resulting in the formation of peri-urban spaces or zones of transition. There is a plurality of definitions for these peri-urban spaces, due to their diverse character in terms of land and water use, livelihood shifts, demographic and social transitions. Most peri-urban areas, specifically those around large metropolitan cities, are increasingly assuming complex characters, which call for governance structures beyond rural–urban binaries. For any administrative intervention of a serious nature in peri-urban areas, a standard methodology for demarcation of these spaces is required. This article is an attempt to develop and apply such a methodology beyond the existing ones, using government sources of data, in the case of Kolkata Metropolis. This article uses socio-economic and land-use characteristics to achieve this objective. It finds that peri-urban spaces do not necessarily develop uniformly around the city; instead, they are fragmented and could be located both near or relatively far from urban areas.

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