scholarly journals Effects of Elevated Diluent Contents on the Combustion and Emissions of Biogas-Diesel RCCI Engine at Full Load

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-649
Author(s):  
Ibrahim B. Dalha ◽  
Mior A. Said ◽  
Zainal A. Abdul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Melati Desa

ABSTRACT   : Language and culture influences each other and its effect is reflected in not only the way humans think, but could also be seen in a full load of figurative elements in creative writing, such as metaphors. Thus, the report examines the aspects of the transfer of meaning in the live metaphors in Haru No Yuki, literary Japanese texts written by Yukio Mishima (1925 – 1970) translated to Malay by Muhammad Haji Salleh (1993) as Salju Musim Bunga published by Penataran Ilmu. This report studies on the equivalence of the meaning of translated live metaphors from the source text to the target text. From the study of the equivalence of meaning can be evaluated that, if there is any type of losses of meaning in form of under translation, over translation or wrong translation. The retention of live metaphors in the target text produced an ideal translation. Universal live metaphors maintained by the translator, this approach produced an ideal translation in form of meaning and accepted by the culture and speakers of the target language. The conclusion of this report shows that, one of the factors in producing quality translations is to understand the elements of the original cultural metaphors contained in the source text. Keywords: live metaphor, personification, ideal translation, equivalence of meaning ABSTRAK         : Bahasa dan budaya saling mempengaruhi dan kesannya dapat dilihat bukan sahaja dalam cara manusia berpikir malah dalam penulisan kreatif yang memuatkan unsur figuratif, metafora misalnya. Justeru, kajian ini meneliti aspek pemindahan makna dalam terjemahan metafora hidup dan personifikasi yang terdapat dalam teks kesusasteraan Jepun, Haru No Yuki hasil penulisan Yukio Mishima (1925 – 1970) diterjemahkan oleh Muhammad Haji Salleh (1993) menjadi Salju Musim Bunga (SMB) terbitan Penataran Ilmu. Kertas kerja ini mengkaji keselarasan makna terjemahan metafora hidup dan personifikasi daripada teks sumber kepada teks sasaran. Daripada kajian keselarasan makna dapat dinilai sama ada berlaku peleburan makna metafora apabila terhasilnya terjemahan kurang, terjemahan lebih atau terjemahan salah. Kaedah pengekalan metafora hidup dalam teks sasaran didapati menghasilkan terjemahan ideal. Metafora hidup yang bersifat universal dikekalkan oleh penterjemah, pendekatan ini menghasilkan terjemahan ideal dari sudut makna dan diterima oleh budaya dan penutur bahasa sasaran. Sebagai kesimpulan, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa, salah satu faktor dalam usaha untuk menghasilkan terjemahan bermutu adalah dengan memahami unsur metafora budaya asal teks sumber.   Kata kunci : metafora hidup, personifikasi, terjemahan ideal, persamaan makna


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Van Chien Pham ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Choi ◽  
Beom-Seok Rho ◽  
Jun-Soo Kim ◽  
Kyunam Park ◽  
...  

This paper presents research on the combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke Natural gas–Diesel dual-fuel marine engine at full load. The AVL FIRE R2018a (AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria) simulation software was used to conduct three-dimensional simulations of the combustion process and emission formations inside the engine cylinder in both diesel and dual-fuel mode to analyze the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics. The simulation results were then compared and showed a good agreement with the measured values reported in the engine’s shop test technical data. The simulation results showed reductions in the in-cylinder pressure and temperature peaks by 1.7% and 6.75%, while NO, soot, CO, and CO2 emissions were reduced up to 96%, 96%, 86%, and 15.9%, respectively, in the dual-fuel mode in comparison with the diesel mode. The results also show better and more uniform combustion at the late stage of the combustions inside the cylinder when operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode. Analyzing the emission characteristics and the engine performance when the injection timing varies shows that, operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode with an injection timing of 12 crank angle degrees before the top dead center is the best solution to reduce emissions while keeping the optimal engine power.


Author(s):  
F. L. Eisinger ◽  
R. E. Sullivan

The tubular heat exchangers described exhibited a sensitivity to flow-induced tube vibration at about 50% of their design shell-side flow. Following a detailed theoretical analysis, the heat exchangers were modified by the helical spacer method providing additional tube supports in-between the existing support plates and in the U-bend. This modification aimed at allowing the heat exchangers to operate safely and reliably at full load, including a 25% overload. Post modification sound and vibration testing was performed which confirmed the adequacy of the modification. The test results showed however, that at the overload condition, an unusual acoustic wave inside the shell was developing. It was determined that this wave would not be harmful to the safe operation of the heat exchangers. The paper will discuss the findings in more detail.


2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2327-2330
Author(s):  
Ming Bo Han ◽  
Li Fei Sun

By using finite element software, the paper establishes the main stand analysis model of the Ф140 pipe rolling mill and provides the model analysis of main stand in cases of full load. Verify the design of main stand fully comply with the technical requirements .In this paper, it provides the theoretical position of split casting and welding method using electric slag welding.


Networks ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kloimüllner ◽  
Günther R. Raidl

Author(s):  
Vineet Sahoo ◽  
Rathindranath Maiti

Stresses in flex spline/gear cup in harmonic drives with involute toothed gear pair and conventional strain wave generating cam are analyzed using finite element method in ANSYS® environment and experiments. The most innovative part of this investigation is establishing the evidence of secondary contacts and probable load shared by those contacts experimentally over the finite element analysis. Aiming at the performance improvement of gearing in harmonic drives, with involute toothed gear pair, the investigations are carried out through the following analyses. (a) Initial stresses in flex gear cup due to cam insertion only. (b) Stresses in flex gear cup at no load in fully assembled harmonic drive components i.e. flex gear, ring gear, and strain wave generating cam. (c) Stresses in flex gear cup at full load passing through the two pitch points, i.e. the intersection points of ring gear pitch circle, flex gear pitch curve, and major axis on both sides. Finally, (d) stresses in flex gear cup at full load distributed over all possible primary and secondary contacts, in proportion to their contact intensities. Recorded strains of the flex-gear cup while the cam being rotated showed very good agreement with the results obtained by finite element analysis with proper modeling of loading.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bernhard Karmann ◽  
Christian Kunkel ◽  
Maximilian Prager ◽  
Georg Wachtmeister

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