scholarly journals Temperature field of a thermoelectric system for extracting foreign objects when introducing into the human body

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
O. V. Evdulov ◽  
A. M. Nasrulaev
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Foreign Object ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Cold Source ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
System Mode

Objective. The objective of the article is to create a design model of a thermoelectric system for extracting foreign objects from the human body by freezing when introduced into the cavity, as well as to study the internal thermophysical processes.Methods. A design model of a thermoelectric system for extracting foreign objects from the human body by freezing the thermoelectric system introduced into the cavity is developed, based on solving the problem of thermal conductivity, taking into account the thermophysical characteristics of a biological object, foreign object, and a thermoelectric module.Results. As a result of the numerical experiment, the authors obtained graphs of temperature changes at various points of the thermoelectric system when introduced into the human body to extract a foreign object, depending on the power of the thermoelectric system, the parameters of the module materials, and external conditions. It is determined that the device can use a standard thermoelectric module with a cooling capacity from 4500 W/m2 to 7000 W/m2 with a duration of 6-7 minutes for entering the system mode.Conclusion. It is established that the selection of thermoelectric module parameters must be guided by the limitations of the device operation, as well as medical norms and standards to avoid the process of cold injury of adjacent tissues, which is fully provided in the proposed design. A method for improving the efficiency of the system is proposed, according to which the thermoelectric system is pre-cooled using an external cold source, and forced modes of thermoelectric module operation are used.

scholarly journals THERMOELECTRIC SYSTEM FOR EXTRACTION OF FOREIGN OBJECTS FROM HUMAN BODY

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
O. V. Evdulov ◽  
S. G. Magomedova ◽  
I. Sh. Mispahov ◽  
N. A. Nabiyev ◽  
A. M. Nasrulaev
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
External Source ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Cold Surface ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Medical Standards

Objectives. The purpose of the article is to examine the design of the thermoelectric system (TPP) for the extraction of foreign objects from the human body by the method of freezing, as well as the simulation of heat transfer processes in it.Method. A design and a physical model of the system for the extraction of foreign objects from the human body are proposed, in which the source of cold is a thermoelectric module (TEM) placed on a special mechanical device made in the form of a probe, which also provides removal of heat from the hot junctions of the module. A mathematical model of thermal power plants was developed, implemented on the basis of solving the problem of ice layer growth using the method of solving the non-stationary Fourier differential equation, presented in partial derivatives by reducing it to an equation with full derivatives based on the use of an extended version of the Lame-Clapeyron substitution, and power series, which describes the temperature distribution in the frozen ice layer and satisfies the boundary conditions of the problem.Result. Data were obtained on the change in temperature of the extracted object and the thickness of the ice layer over time at various values of the cooling capacity of TEM. It is established that the duration of the formation of an ice layer between the object to be extracted and the cold surface of the TEM, which is the executive element of the system, is within narrow limits that meet medical standards, while the speed of the ice growth process depends on its thickness (increasing the cooling capacity of the TEM from 1000 to 3000 W / m2 reduces the duration of the formation of an ice layer, 2 mm thick, by almost 40 s, while the temperature of the extracted object decreases from 269 K to 252 K). It is indicated that the selection of geometric parameters of TEM and its power supply should focus on the limitations on the operation of the device, as well as medical norms and standards in order to avoid the process of frostbite of the adjacent tissues.Conclusion. A method is proposed for increasing the efficiency of the system, according to which the preliminary cooling of the TPP by an external source of cold is used, as well as the use of forced TEM operation modes.

scholarly journals Design of thermoelectric devices for extracting foreign objects from the human body by freezing

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
O. V. Evdulov ◽  
A. M. Nasrulaev ◽  
R. Sh. Kazumov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Thermoelectric Devices ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Heat Removal System ◽  
Radiator System ◽  
Removal System

Objectives.The  purpose  of  the  article  is  to  consider  the  designs  of thermoelectric  devices  (TEC)  for  extracting  foreign  objects  (IO)  from  the  human  body  by freezing with various options for removing heat from the hot junctions of the thermoelectric module (TEM).Method. Modifications of thermoelectric devices are described for extracting the IO from the human body by freezing it to a special probe. Their technical design differs in the way of heat removal from the TEM hot junctions, for which air heat removal, melting working substances and preliminary cooling of the radiator are used. The basic relationships for calculating the technical means intended for the removal of heat from the hot junctions of the TEM are presented.Result. The graphs of the dependence of the temperature change of the TEM hot junctions in time are obtained for different values of its heat output when using an air heat removal system and the time of complete penetration of various working substances used in the device.Conclusion. The data obtained show that for the operating conditions of the TEC, the temperature of the hot junctions of the TEM with an air heat sink does not go beyond the permissible limits. With a module power of 8 W, 12 W and 16 W, the temperature of the hot junctions of thermoelements stabilizes rather quickly and takes the value of 308 K, 313 K and 318 K. maintaining their stable temperature is most preferred is nickel nitrate, less - elaidic acid and paraffin. Calculations of the design of a device with a pre-cooled radiator system also show the efficiency of heat removal from the hot junctions of the TEM for the duration of the entire procedure for removing the IO from the human body.

scholarly journals Removing a metal foreign object successfully from a patient’s retroperitoneal space using laparoscopy and a novel navigation system

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. e114-e117 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Wu ◽  
Y Yuan ◽  
LQ Jiang ◽  
Y Xia ◽  
Y Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
New Method ◽  
Foreign Object ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Surgical Methods

Trauma with foreign objects retained within the human body has become a common surgical emergency condition. Traditional surgical methods often involve creating large incisions in soft tissue and may lead to additional complications during wound healing. We have developed a new method of removing foreign bodies from patients’ abdomens by using laparoscopy with the help of a novel navigation system that provides accurate positioning. This approach is minimally invasive and simple. This is the first combination of both technologies in this field.

scholarly journals Rapid Foreign Object Detection System on Seaweed Using VNIR Hyperspectral Imaging

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5279
Author(s):  
Dong-Hoon Kwak ◽  
Guk-Jin Son ◽  
Mi-Kyung Park ◽  
Young-Duk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Foreign Object ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Time Operation

The consumption of seaweed is increasing year by year worldwide. Therefore, the foreign object inspection of seaweed is becoming increasingly important. Seaweed is mixed with various materials such as laver and sargassum fusiforme. So it has various colors even in the same seaweed. In addition, the surface is uneven and greasy, causing diffuse reflections frequently. For these reasons, it is difficult to detect foreign objects in seaweed, so the accuracy of conventional foreign object detectors used in real manufacturing sites is less than 80%. Supporting real-time inspection should also be considered when inspecting foreign objects. Since seaweed requires mass production, rapid inspection is essential. However, hyperspectral imaging techniques are generally not suitable for high-speed inspection. In this study, we overcome this limitation by using dimensionality reduction and using simplified operations. For accuracy improvement, the proposed algorithm is carried out in 2 stages. Firstly, the subtraction method is used to clearly distinguish seaweed and conveyor belts, and also detect some relatively easy to detect foreign objects. Secondly, a standardization inspection is performed based on the result of the subtraction method. During this process, the proposed scheme adopts simplified and burdenless calculations such as subtraction, division, and one-by-one matching, which achieves both accuracy and low latency performance. In the experiment to evaluate the performance, 60 normal seaweeds and 60 seaweeds containing foreign objects were used, and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 95%. Finally, by implementing the proposed algorithm as a foreign object detection platform, it was confirmed that real-time operation in rapid inspection was possible, and the possibility of deployment in real manufacturing sites was confirmed.

scholarly journals Unsupervised Foreign Object Detection Based on Dual-Energy Absorptiometry in the Food Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Andriiashen ◽  
Robert van Liere ◽  
Tristan van Leeuwen ◽  
Kees Joost Batenburg
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Foreign Object ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
X Ray Imaging

X-ray imaging is a widely used technique for non-destructive inspection of agricultural food products. One application of X-ray imaging is the autonomous, in-line detection of foreign objects in food samples. Examples of such inclusions are bone fragments in meat products, plastic and metal debris in fish, and fruit infestations. This article presents a processing methodology for unsupervised foreign object detection based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). A novel thickness correction model is introduced as a pre-processing technique for DEXA data. The aim of the model is to homogenize regions in the image that belong to the food product and to enhance contrast where the foreign object is present. In this way, the segmentation of the foreign object is more robust to noise and lack of contrast. The proposed methodology was applied to a dataset of 488 samples of meat products acquired from a conveyor belt. Approximately 60% of the samples contain foreign objects of different types and sizes, while the rest of the samples are void of foreign objects. The results show that samples without foreign objects are correctly identified in 97% of cases and that the overall accuracy of foreign object detection reaches 95%.

scholarly journals Design of Portable Beverage Cooler Using One Stage Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) Module

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azridjal Aziz ◽  
Rahmat Iman Mainil ◽  
Afdhal Kurniawan Mainil ◽  
Sayfri Syafri ◽  
Muhammad Faizal Syukrillah
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Peltier Effect ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Box Dimension ◽  
Thermoelectric Cooler ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Vapour Compression

The Portable Beverage Cooler (PBC) has been designed to satisfy the need of cooler apparatus that could be carried easily. The utilization of this apparatus was intended to minimize the environmental damage affected by vapour compression refrigeration system using CFCs Refrigerant. The peltier effect from thermoelectric module was utilized in this PBC and called as Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC). Furthermore, heat-sink and fan were needed to ensure the cooling effect continously worked. To achieved the objectives of this machine (portable, environment-friendly, low watt, affordable), the design consideration are heat load, insulating material, weight of components, electric consumption, and dimension of the cooling box.  The results of the design shows the PBC cooling box dimension is 6 cm x 6.5 x 15 cm. The insulation of the PBC cooling box are polyurethane foam and polystyrene expanded with thickness 6 mm and 5.3 mm, respectively. The alumunium plate was applied as inner wall to enhance the cooling capacity of cooling room temperature. In this PBC was used one stage of TEC that could yield cooling room temperature until 15 oC in 30 minutes operation by consuming 20 W of electricity. 

scholarly journals A case of a mobile intrathoracic foreign object

Trauma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Martyn Eckersley ◽  
Carla Goncalves ◽  
Dalip Kumar ◽  
Saman Perera
Keyword(s):  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Foreign Object ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Penetrating Chest Trauma ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Anatomical Correlation ◽  
Imaging Approach ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Initial Imaging ◽  
The Uk

Penetrating chest trauma to children is rare in the UK, making up 0.8% of wounds to children. When it does occur, it often results in damage to mediastinal structures including but not limited to the heart, lungs and great vessels. Rarely foreign objects can be intrapericardial. We present the case of a 14-year-old boy who presented haemodynamically stable following pellet gun wound to the chest. Multi-modality imaging revealed the bullet to be in the pericardium without associated cardiothoracic injuries, confirmed following surgery. Although a multi-modality imaging approach was used in diagnosing the precise location of the gun pellet, including imaging involving ionising radiation, we argue that early localisation can potentially be achieved with initial imaging and basic anatomical correlation, reducing the time to diagnosis. Using all the images available, including CT scout images, can assist in localisation and identifying important negatives.

Retained digital foreign body after a pellet gun injury

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vincent ◽  
DW Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Foreign Object ◽  
Unique Case

A symptomatic foreign body embedded in the human body can be a frustrating problem for physician and patient alike. A unique case of a retained foreign object resulting from a pellet gun injury has been presented. Although the course of treatment in this case was uncomplicated, it is important to understand the complexities of the human body's response to foreign bodies.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Thermoelectric Air-conditioning System

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. Anthony Adeyanju ◽  
K. Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Peltier Effect ◽  
Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Thermoelectric Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Dc Current

Thermoelectric devices use the Peltier effect which creates a heat flux between the junctions of two different types of materials. The thermoelectric module also referred to as a heat pump transfers heat from one side to the other when a DC current is applied. This study carried out the theoretical and experimental analysis of a thermoelectric air conditioning system. A prototype thermoelectric air conditioner of 286 W cooling capacity was built and a testing enclosure made from plywood and Styrofoam was also constructed in order to validate the theoretical result with an experimentation. It was discovered that thermoelectric air conditioning took 4 minutes to reach its desired temperature of 22℃ whereas the standard air conditioning system (Refrigeration Cycle) took 20 minutes to cool to a room temperature. Economically it was also discovered that thermoelectric air conditioning system is 50% cheaper than the refrigeration cycle air conditioning systems. The thermoelectric air conditioner has cheaper maintenance and greater estimated life span of 7 years more than the refrigeration air conditioner. This is because the air conditioner that operates on the refrigeration cycle uses a rotating compressor while the thermoelectric air conditioner uses thermometric module.

scholarly journals U-Net-Based Foreign Object Detection Method Using Effective Image Acquisition System: A Case of Almond and Green Onion Flake Food Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13834
Author(s):  
Guk-Jin Son ◽  
Dong-Hoon Kwak ◽  
Mi-Kyung Park ◽  
Young-Duk Kim ◽  
Hee-Chul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Synthetic Dataset ◽  
Foreign Object ◽  
Food Manufacturing ◽  
Real Dataset ◽  
The Real ◽  
Foreign Objects

Supervised deep learning-based foreign object detection algorithms are tedious, costly, and time-consuming because they usually require a large number of training datasets and annotations. These disadvantages make them frequently unsuitable for food quality evaluation and food manufacturing processes. However, the deep learning-based foreign object detection algorithm is an effective method to overcome the disadvantages of conventional foreign object detection methods mainly used in food inspection. For example, color sorter machines cannot detect foreign objects with a color similar to food, and the performance is easily degraded by changes in illuminance. Therefore, to detect foreign objects, we use a deep learning-based foreign object detection algorithm (model). In this paper, we present a synthetic method to efficiently acquire a training dataset of deep learning that can be used for food quality evaluation and food manufacturing processes. Moreover, we perform data augmentation using color jitter on a synthetic dataset and show that this approach significantly improves the illumination invariance features of the model trained on synthetic datasets. The F1-score of the model that trained the synthetic dataset of almonds at 360 lux illumination intensity achieved a performance of 0.82, similar to the F1-score of the model that trained the real dataset. Moreover, the F1-score of the model trained with the real dataset combined with the synthetic dataset achieved better performance than the model trained with the real dataset in the change of illumination. In addition, compared with the traditional method of using color sorter machines to detect foreign objects, the model trained on the synthetic dataset has obvious advantages in accuracy and efficiency. These results indicate that the synthetic dataset not only competes with the real dataset, but they also complement each other.

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