Alkali treatment and its effect on tribological properties of natrually woven coconut sheath polyester composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Siva ◽  
J.T. Winowlin Jappes ◽  
Z. Szakal ◽  
Jacob Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Sem Images

In the recent years natural fibres have drawn great interest for its bio-degradability, low cost and its availability in nature. Among different types of natural fibres, naturally woven coconut sheath fibres are one of the recently explored alternatives for synthetic fibres. These fibres are generally treated with alkali for enhancing mechanical properties and reinforcing characteristics. Tribological applications like gears, cams, bearings, etc. can be benefited from such composites. In most cases chemical treatment are done favouring the structural properties however, their influence on tribological properties are rather not considered. In the current research, hybrid composites (polyester resin with naturally woven coconut sheath (N) and glass fibres (G)) were tested against hardened steel counterface in a pin on disc configuration. Tests were performed at 40 N normal force and 3.5 m/s sliding velocity. From the results all hybrid combinations except (NNN) shows degrading wear properties with the alkaline treatment. The friction properties are modified by having low friction coefficients for all combinations except NGN and GGG hybrids. From the observed SEM images the surface morphology of NNN hybrid significantly differs from the rest of the combinations in both treated and untreated specimens. The partial removal of individual phase (resin) prevails in untreated specimen for which the fibres are highly visible. However, such phenomenon is not dominant in the alkali treated material showing better reinforcing behaviour complimenting low friction properties. The alkali treated specimen has reduced fibre size comparing the untreated specimen which results in low wear resistance. Compromise between friction and wear properties between each other the untreated fibres are best suited for tribological applications. Furthermore, investigations on treatment process and other treatments might have some influence in tribological behaviour.

scholarly journals Mechanical and tribological properties of Al 7075 /SiC/ Graphite hybrid composites processed by powder metallurgy technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210-1215
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Al 7075 ◽  
Pin On Disc

The metal matrix composite strengthened with ceramic material of carbide (SiC) has smart mechanical characteristics. Metal-based composites, however, demand progress in their friction and tribological characteristics. In this work-study an effort is made to design a completely new material through the method of metallurgy by adding graphite, which acts as a solid lubricant. This study explored the effect of graphite on the tribological behaviour of hybrid composite Al 7075/5 wt. % SiC / X wt. % graphite (X=10, 5 and 0). The research confirms the performance of wear properties by incorporating graphite into the composite. The sic-graphite reinforced Al 7075 (aluminium alloy 7075) was studied. Metallurgy route was used to prepare the composites. Microstructures, the mixture of materials, wear and wear resistance properties were analyzed by optical micro cope and scanning electron microscope, XRD, and pin-on-disc apparatus. The freshly developed metal composite has significant improvement in tribological properties with a mixture 5% silicon carbide (SiC) and 5% graphite. The experimental investigations confirm that a sliding distance of one thousand meters and a sliding velocity of 1.5 m / s with an applied load of 5 N leads to minimum wear loss of 0.01062g and coefficient of friction as 0.1278

Influence of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube on mechanical and wear properties of Copper – Iron composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7570-7576 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sh. Hammood ◽  
S. S. Irhayyim ◽  
A. Y. Awad ◽  
H. A. Abdulhadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Multiwall Carbon

Multiwall Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are frequently attractive due to their novel physical and chemical characteristics, as well as their larger aspect ratio and higher conductivity. Therefore, MWCNTs can allow tremendous possibilities for the improvement of the necessarily unique composite materials system. The present work deals with the fabrication of Cu-Fe/CNTs hybrid composites manufactured by powder metallurgy techniques. Copper powder with 10 vol. % of iron powder and different volume fractions of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) were mixed to get hybrid composites. The hybrid composites were fabricated by adding 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 vol.% of MWCNTs to Cu- 10% Fe mixture using a mechanical mixer. The samples were compressed under a load of 700 MPa using a hydraulic press to compact the samples. Sintering was done at 900°C for 2 h at 5ºC/min heating rate. The microscopic structure was studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The effect of CNTs on the mechanical and wear properties, such as micro-hardness, dry sliding wear, density, and porosity were studied in detail. The wear tests were carried out at a fixed time of 20 minutes while the applied loads were varied (5, 10, 15, and 20 N). SEM images revealed that CNTs were uniformly distributed with relative agglomeration within the Cu/Fe matrix. The results showed that the hardness, density, and wear rates decreased while the percentage of porosity increased with increasing the CNT volume fraction. Furthermore, the wear rate for all the CNTs contents increased with the applied load.

scholarly journals Hybrid and Nonhybrid Laminate Composites of Sugar Palm and Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polypropylene: Effect of Alkali and Sodium Bicarbonate Treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Isma’ila Mukhtar ◽  
Zulkiflle Leman ◽  
Edi Syams Zainudin ◽  
Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Laminate Composites ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

In recent years, the hybrid composites of cellulosic and synthetic fibres are tailored to yield materials with reduced cost and weight. Prior to the fabrication of the hybrid composite, in most case, the cellulosic fibre needs surface modification for proper bonding. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of sodium bicarbonate treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of the hybrid and nonhybrid laminate composites of sugar palm and glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene. The findings will be compared with the conventional alkali treatment. The laminate composites were fabricated using the film stacking technique and hot compression process. Prior to the fabrication process, the sugar palm fibre in it which is naturally woven mat was treated with 4 wt% and 10 wt% alkali and sodium bicarbonate, respectively. All the laminate composites were investigated by tensile, flexural, and impact test, water absorption, and morphological examination. The tensile strength increased with both alkaline and sodium bicarbonate treatments for the hybrid and nonhybrid composites. The increase was more pronounced with the alkaline-treated SPF composite (L03) which displayed the highest value of 61.75 MPa, while that of the sodium bicarbonate-treated SPF composite (L04) recorded 58.76 MPa against 53.01 MPa for the untreated SPF composite (L02). The same trend was observed for the flexural strength. In overall, the alkaline treatment yielded better performance in comparison with sodium bicarbonate treatment.

Carbon Based Coatings for Hermetic Compressor Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Jose Daniel Biasoli de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Hermetic Compressor

Household refrigeration represents 17.3% of home energy consumption in the USA and 47% in Brazil. This article overviews a multidisciplinary approach to develop a traditional hermetic compressor (oil lubricated, with several rotating parts), into an oil-less, linear motion, innovative compressor, with improved efficiency, versatility and sustainability. This involves the development of surface engineering processes combining purpose-oriented phases applied to soft substrates to achieve high wear resistance and load support and low friction coefficient. Initially, the role of the environment (air, CO2 and R600a) on the tribological behaviour of a commercially available Si-rich multifunctional DLC coating deposited on AISI 1020 steel is illustrated. In sequence, the influence of the thickness of different layers (DLC and CrN) on sliding wear is analysed. Results are presented using an original approach (3D triboscopic maps) for two distinct configurations (increasing load and constant load) and findings are confronted with numerical simulations using Film Doctor®. Finally, a low cost process to obtain a multifunctional coating (different nitrided layers + DLC) is described, which uses a unique thermal cycle reactor capable of coating parts in industrial scale with reduced cost.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behaviour of Hybrid Composites Prepared using Sisal-Pineapple-Kenaf Fibre

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3210-3214
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Kenaf Fibre

Variety of application use fibre reinforced composites because of their intrinsic properties in mechanical strength, renewability and low production cost compared to conventional materials. Natural fibres are environmentally friendly their use will not break the budget when used as an alternative to the regular materials. Reinforcement used in polymer is either man-made or natural. Man-made synthetic, metallic, semi-synthetic, polymer fibres have superior specific strength but their high cost of production limits its application and feasibility to make composites. Recently there is a rise in use of natural fibres from various natural resources which are available abundantly. Composites based on natural fibres have their advantages of cost in making the fibres from different vegetables, wood, animals and minerals. In this work a thorough and systematic inquiry regarding better utilization of sisal fibre for making value-added products has been carried out. Various hybrid composite test specimens as per ASTM were prepared with natural fillers such as sisal-pineapple-Kenaf fibres by using hand layup method. The physical and mechanical characteristics of prepared hybrid composite with sisal fibre, pineapple fibre and kenaf fibre are the main objective the research. The various mechanical properties of the hybrid composites like tensile strength, rupture strength, impact strength, shear strength, hardness, and wear strength are studied by standard experiment methods. The experimental results were discussed. The experiments exposed that the use of sisal fibre when compared with similar fibres in a composite increase the most of the physical properties like tensile, rupture, wear properties of the material where as impact strength of the material is lowered. Surface morphology of the sisal fibre after tensile loading is studied microscopically.

scholarly journals Electrical Resistivity, Tribological Behaviour of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoboron Carbide Particles Reinforced Copper Hybrid Composites for Pantograph Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Selvakumar ◽  
K. Gangatharan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Copper Matrix ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Nanoparticle Distribution ◽  
Fixed Weight ◽  
Uniform Dispersion

This work focuses on the influence and contribution of multiwalled carbon-nanotube (MWCNT)–boron carbide (B4C) to the mechanical and tribological properties of copper matrix composites. Different weight fractions of nano- B4C-containing fixed-weight fractions of MWCNT-reinforced copper composites were prepared using the entrenched cold-press sintering method of powder metallurgy. The wear losses of sintered Cu–MWCNT–B4C composites were investigated by conducting sliding tests in a pin-on-disc apparatus. The addition of reinforcements showed enhancements in the hardness and wear properties of the composites due to the uniform dispersion of the secondary reinforcement in the copper matrix and the self-lubricating effect of the MWCNTs. The effects of the nanoparticle distribution in the matrix, the worn surface morphology, and the elemental composition of the composites were characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrical resistivity of the fabricated copper hybrid composite preforms was evaluated using a four-point probe tester. Our results highlight the use of experiential reinforcing limits of B4C on the wear and electrical and mechanical behaviour of copper composites.

Tribological properties of hydrogen free DLC in self-mated contacts against ZDDP-added oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri ◽  
M.A. Kalam ◽  
H.H. Masjuki
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Viscosity Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Band Area ◽  
Low Wear

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the tribological properties of tetrahedral diamond-like carbon (DLC) films in self-mated contacts in the presence of additivated and non-additivated vegetable oils. DLC films have high practical value due to low friction and low wear properties. On the other hand, vegetable oils are considered to be lubricants for future due to its resource renewability and biodegradability. Sometimes different chemical agents are added to vegetable oils to further improve its tribological properties. Thus, the tribological study of DLC films against additivated oils becomes important. Design/methodology/approach The tribology tests were conducted in a four ball tribo-meter under the boundary lubricated conditions. Findings Ta-C DLC exhibited 80 per cent lower wear rate under Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP)-added oil compared to that of base oil. In contrast, the friction coefficient under additivated oil was slightly higher than the base oil lubricated case. Moreover, the carbonyl band area as well as the viscosity change of ZDDP-added oil was much smaller than that of base oil. Therefore, ZDDP reduced the wear of DLC film and prevented the oxidation of base oil during tribotests. Originality/value This is the first work on the tribological properties of ta-C DLC lubricated with corn oil with and without anti-wear additives.

Influence of silicone oil on physico-mechanical and tribological properties of hybrid composites reinforced with basalt fiber/PTFE particles based on polyoxymethylene (POM)

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572198977
Author(s):  
Patrycja Bazan ◽  
Marek Nykiel ◽  
Stanisław Kuciel
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

The aim of the work was to examine properties of hybrid composites reinforced with basalt fiber (BF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles based on a polyoxymethylene matrix modified by silicon oil. In the experimental part the basic physico-mechanical properties were determined. Thermal and tribological properties were also investigated. To refer to the effects of reinforcement and determine the structure characteristics SEM images were taken. The addition of basalt fibers and PTFE particles in the amount of 7.5/7.5 wt% reduces the coefficient of friction (from 0.36 to 0.12) and the wear rate (from 0.61 to even 0.37) in relation to neat POM and increases the strength properties. An increase in the filler content to 12.5/12.5 wt% results in an almost twofold raise in stiffness from 2800 MPa to 5120 MPa for tensile, and from 2500 to 4944 MPa for flexural and causes a further reduction in wear rate without affecting on the friction coefficient. Studies have shown that the addition of filler allows to provide excellent tribological properties while maintaining high strength properties.

scholarly journals A review on the properties of natural fibres and its bio-composites: Effect of alkali treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-217
Author(s):  
Parul Sahu ◽  
MK Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Composite Properties

Due to the dominating advantages of natural fibres such as biodegradability, eco-friendliness, nominal cost, low density and high specific strength, they are being used opposite to synthetic fibres in many industrial applications. Despite many advantages, these fibres face some limitations such as higher moisture uptake, quality variations, low thermal stability, and poor compatibility with polymeric matrix. To overcome these limitations, chemical treatments of these fibres were found to be the most suitable method to improve adhesion with polymers, increase their strength and water absorption resistance, and improve their composite properties also. Among chemical treatments, alkali treatment is the most widely used and versatile surface modification method of the natural fibres. A good number of research works have been carried out on effect of alkali treatment on the properties of natural fibres and its composites, which motivated for this review. In this paper, the effect of alkali treatment on the properties of natural fibres has been reviewed. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties, thermal analysis and tribological behaviour of its biocomposites are also reviewed. It was concluded that alkali treatment of natural fibres could provide enhanced properties of various bio-composites up to a great extent.

The Current-Carrying Tribological Properties of Cu/Graphene Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yitian Peng ◽  
Qianguang Zhou ◽  
Kun Zou
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Electrical Stability ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Contact Stability ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Process ◽  
Metallurgy Process

Abstract Excellent current-carrying tribological properties including the low-friction, high anti-wear, high current-carrying efficiency, and stability are important for the current-carrying application in transmitting electrical signals and power. Here, the Cu/graphene composites with graphene uniformly distributed in Cu matrix were successfully prepared by combining the electroless plating process and powder metallurgy process. The current-carrying tribological properties including friction, wear, and electrical stability of the Cu/graphene composites with brass pairs were investigated by varying normal applied load and sliding speed under multiple applied voltages. The friction reduction and anti-wear properties of Cu/graphene composites were enhanced by the introduction of graphene. The friction coefficient of the Cu/graphene composites keeps stable under current-carrying and non-current-carrying conditions due to the benefit of the graphene enhancement to Cu. The graphene on wear surface reduces friction force and wear. The current-carrying efficiency and stability increased with the increase of applied load but decreased with increasing sliding speed. The contact stability increased with applied load, while high sliding speed caused the drastic vibration of sliding contact. The studies can provide a beneficial guideline for the current-carrying applications of Cu/graphene composites to reduce the friction and wear.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document