scholarly journals Exposure to Anaplasma phagocytophilum in two dogs in Belgium

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Elhamiani-Khatat ◽  
P. Defauw ◽  
S. Marynissen ◽  
I. Van de Maele ◽  
A. Van Dongen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Canine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

In this report, two dogs are described, which were exposed to Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Belgium. The first case was presented for acute weakness and collapse, and was diagnosed with immune mediated hemolytic anemia. Vector-borne serology panel revealed a positive antibody titer for A. phagocytophilum, and the dog recovered during doxycycline therapy. The second patient suffered from an immune mediated glomerulopathy, and concurrently had a highly increased antibody titer for A. phagocytophilum. The relationship between canine granulocytic anaplasmosis and both IMHA and protein-losing nephropathy is unclear in these cases. However, it is suspected that A. phagocytophilum could be associated with kidney injury, as it is described in the second case.

Lack of Evidence for Perinatal Transmission of Canine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis From a Bitch to Her Offspring

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Plier ◽  
Edward B. Breitschwerdt ◽  
Barbara C. Hegarty ◽  
Linda B. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prophylactic Therapy ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Canine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

Granulocytic anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease affecting dogs and humans in the United States and other regions of the world. Relatively few cases have been described in pregnant women, and perinatal transmission appears to occur infrequently in humans. Infection in pregnant dogs has not been reported. Diagnosis of infection during pregnancy poses therapeutic challenges, because doxycycline, the treatment of choice, is teratogenic. Also, infection during pregnancy may result in more severe disease. When infection is diagnosed after parturition, knowledge of the risk of perinatal transmission to offspring is important, because prophylactic therapy in neonates is also not without risk. In this report, we describe relatively severe clinical manifestations of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a postpartum bitch and a lack of perinatal transmission to her puppies.

scholarly journals Expression of perilipin in human promyelocytic cells in response to Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection results in modified lipid metabolism

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Manzano-Roman ◽  
Consuelo Almazán ◽  
Victoria Naranjo ◽  
Edmour F. Bloui ◽  
Katherine M. Kocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Canine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

The obligate intracellular pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by ticks and causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, tick-borne fever of ruminants, and equine and canine granulocytic anaplasmosis. In a previous study, the perilipin (PLIN) gene was identified as one of the genes differentially expressed in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells in response to infection with A. phagocytophilum. PLIN is a major adipocyte lipid droplet-associated phosphoprotein that plays a central role in lipolysis and cholesterol synthesis. Host cholesterol and other lipids are required by A. phagocytophilum for infection and multiplication in human cells. In this study, it was hypothesized that PLIN may be involved in infection of human HL-60 cells by A. phagocytophilum. To test this hypothesis, a combination of real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and RNA interference was used to study the expression of PLIN. The results of these studies demonstrated that A. phagocytophilum modulates lipid metabolism by increasing PLIN mRNA levels and facilitates infection of HL-60 cells. The results of these studies expand our knowledge of the role of lipid metabolism in A. phagocytophilum infection and multiplication in HL-60 cells and suggest a mechanism by which A. phagocytophilum modulates lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah El Hamiani Khatat ◽  
Sylvie Daminet ◽  
Luc Duchateau ◽  
Latifa Elhachimi ◽  
Malika Kachani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Vector Borne

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a worldwide emerging zoonotic tick-borne pathogen transmitted by Ixodid ticks and naturally maintained in complex and incompletely assessed enzootic cycles. Several studies have demonstrated an extensive genetic variability with variable host tropisms and pathogenicity. However, the relationship between genetic diversity and modified pathogenicity is not yet understood. Because of their proximity to humans, dogs are potential sentinels for the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Furthermore, the strong molecular similarity between human and canine isolates of A. phagocytophilum in Europe and the USA and the positive association in the distribution of human and canine cases in the USA emphasizes the epidemiological role of dogs. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects and survives within neutrophils by disregulating neutrophil functions and evading specific immune responses. Moreover, the complex interaction between the bacterium and the infected host immune system contribute to induce inflammatory injuries. Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis is an acute febrile illness characterized by lethargy, inappetence, weight loss and musculoskeletal pain. Hematological and biochemistry profile modifications associated with this disease are unspecific and include thrombocytopenia, anemia, morulae within neutrophils and increased liver enzymes activity. Coinfections with other tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) may occur, especially with Borrelia burgdorferi, complicating the clinical presentation, diagnosis and response to treatment. Although clinical studies have been published in dogs, it remains unclear if several clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities can be related to this infection.

scholarly journals Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cats: A literature review to raise clinical awareness

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-441
Author(s):  
Ingo Schäfer ◽  
Barbara Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Cat Diseases ◽  
Clinical Awareness

Practical relevance: Granulocytic anaplasmosis is a disease in humans and animals caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum within the family Anaplasmataceae. The pathogen is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes species. Infections with A phagocytophilum have often been described in dogs but reports on natural infections in cats are rare. An infection with A phagocytophilum should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats if the history reveals tick infestation and/or outdoor access in combination with the relevant clinical signs. Global importance: A phagocytophilum is also important in human medicine because of its zoonotic potential. Due to the risk of vector-borne infections for both feline and public health, cats should be protected with ectoparasiticides, especially in endemic areas. Aim: The aim of this review is to give an overview of the published data and summarise the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical signs and therapy of feline granulocytic anaplasmosis. As clinical signs are vague and non-specific, this review aims to raise awareness of A phagocytophilum infection, both among clinicians, so that they consider testing potentially exposed cats, and scientists, in order to prompt further research. Evidence base: Sixteen publications describing 55 cats have been reviewed. Thirty-four cats were well diagnosed based on guidelines of the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases and blood analyses were performed to varying extents for these cats. Because of the limited number of studies and a lack of knowledge in cats, clinical signs and blood analyses are compared with available data in dogs.

scholarly journals Granulocytic anaplasmosis in captive ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Adaszek ◽  
Anna Wilczyńska ◽  
Jerzy Ziętek ◽  
Marcin Kalinowski ◽  
Oliwier Teodorowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Anaplasma Bovis

Abstract Background Anaplasma are obligate intracellular bacteria and aetiological agents of tick-borne diseases of both veterinary and medical interest. The genus Anaplasma comprises six species: Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma centrale, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma platys. They can infect humans, carnivores, ruminants, rodents, insectivores, birds and reptiles. The aim of this study was to present the first clinical case of granulocytic anaplasmosis in a captive ring-tailed lemur in Poland. Case presentation A 4-year-old female lemur presented anorexia, epistaxis and tick infestation. The microscopic examination of a blood smear revealed morulae in neutrophils. Polymerase chain reaction test and sequencing of obtained PCR product confirmed infection by the GU183908 Anaplasma phagocytophilum strain. Therapeutic protocol included doxycycline (2.5 mg/kg p.o., b.i.d.) for 3 weeks and the lemur recovered within 24 h. Conclusions This is the first report on granulocytic anaplasmosis in a ring-tailed lemur in Europe, indicating that A. phagocytophilum infection must also be considered in differential diagnosis in this animal species, especially in individuals with thrombocytopenia associated with Ixodes ricinus parasitism.

scholarly journals Plasma angiopoietin-2 is associated with age-related deficits in cognitive sub-scales in Ugandan children following severe malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benson J. Ouma ◽  
Paul Bangirana ◽  
John M. Ssenkusu ◽  
Dibyadyuti Datta ◽  
Robert O. Opoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Malaria Episode ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Angiopoietin 2 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Elevated angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2) concentrations are associated with worse overall neurocognitive function in severe malaria survivors, but the specific domains affected have not been elucidated. Methods Ugandan children with severe malaria underwent neurocognitive evaluation a week after hospital discharge and at 6, 12 and 24 months follow-up. The relationship between Angpt-2 concentrations and age-adjusted, cognitive sub-scale z-scores over time were evaluated using linear mixed effects models, adjusting for disease severity (coma, acute kidney injury, number of seizures in hospital) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, height-for-age z-score, socio-economic status, enrichment in the home environment, parental education, and any preschool education of the child). The Mullen Scales of Early Learning was used in children < 5 years and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition was used in children ≥ 5 years of age. Angpt-2 levels were measured on admission plasma samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adjustment for multiple comparisons was conducted using the Benjamini–Hochberg Procedure of False Discovery Rate. Results Increased admission Angpt-2 concentration was associated with worse outcomes in all domains (fine and gross motor, visual reception, receptive and expressive language) in children < 5 years of age at the time of severe malaria episode, and worse simultaneous processing and learning in children < 5 years of age at the time of severe malaria who were tested when ≥ 5 years of age. No association was seen between Angpt-2 levels and cognitive outcomes in children ≥ 5 years at the time of severe malaria episode, but numbers of children and testing time points were lower for children ≥ 5 years at the time of severe malaria episode. Conclusion Elevated Angpt-2 concentration in children with severe malaria is associated with worse outcomes in multiple neurocognitive domains. The relationship between Angpt-2 and worse cognition is evident in children < 5 years of age at the time of severe malaria presentation and in selected domains in older years.

scholarly journals Hsa-miR-494-3p attenuates gene HtrA3 transcription to increase inflammatory response in hypoxia/reoxygenation HK2 Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Gong ◽  
Zhi-ming Shen ◽  
Zhe Sheng ◽  
Shi Jiang ◽  
Sheng-lin Ge
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hk2 Cells ◽  
Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay ◽  
Hypoxia Reoxygenation

AbstractThe occurrence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) increases hospital stay and mortality. MicroRNAs has a crucial role in AKI. This objective of the current study is to explore the function of hsa-miR-494-3p in inflammatory response in human kidney tubular epithelial (HK2) cells with hypoxia/reoxygenation. According to KDIGO standard, patients after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were divided into two groups: AKI (n = 10) and non-AKI patients (n = 8). HK2 were raised in the normal and hypoxia/reoxygenation circumstances and mainly treated by overexpression ofmiR-494-3p and HtrA3. The relationship between miR-494-3p and HtrA3 was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Our result showed that Hsa-miR-494-3p was elevated in the serum of patients with CSA-AKI, and also induced in hypoxic reoxygenated HK2 cells. Hsa-miR-494-3p also increased a hypoxia-reoxygenation induced inflammatory response in HK2 cells. Moreover, as a target gene of miR-494-3p, overexpression of HtrA3 downregulated the hypoxia-reoxygenation induced inflammatory response in HK2 cells. Overexpression of hsa-miR-494-3p-induced inflammatory response was inhibited by overexpression of HtrA3. Collectively, we identified that hsa-miR-494-3p, a miRNA induced in both circulation of AKI patients and hypoxia-reoxygenation-treated HK2 cells, enhanced renal inflammation by targeting HtrA3, which may suggest a possible role as a new therapeutic target for CSA-AKI.

scholarly journals The Use of Supra-Hemodiafiltration in Traumatic Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Gabriele Donati ◽  
Maria Cappuccilli ◽  
Federica Di Filippo ◽  
Simone Nicoletti ◽  
Marco Ruggeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Septic Patient ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
First Case ◽  
Successful Recovery

Oliguric acute kidney injury due to traumatic rhabdomyolysis can be potentially lethal if the proper medical therapy combined with extracorporeal detoxification is not performed. Different extracorporeal techniques are available to overcome this syndrome. Here, we report the first case of removal of myoglobin and successful recovery from acute kidney injury in an elderly septic patient using supra-hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion technique (HFR-Supra) combined with the medical therapy.

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