5. Research Questions, Hypotheses, Independent Variables and Research Design

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-114
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Research Questions

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION ON SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TOWARD THEIR ENGLISH ACHIEVEMENT AT SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 11 PADANGSIDIMPUAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Diena Fitria Simamora
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
English Achievement ◽  
Two Independent Variables

The purpose of this study was found out the influence of Students’ Attitude and Perception on Implementing the Scientific Approach Toward their English Achievement at SMA Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan. This study was a correlational research design of expo facto using two independent variables and one dependent variable, Students’ attitude (X1) and Perception (X2) were independent variables, and English achievement (Y) as dependent variable. Three research questions were stated in this research. There were 41 respondents of the eleventh grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan. Total sampling was used in this research because the number of students was not so many. Data of students’ attitude and perception were collected using questionnaires of Likert’s scale, while the students’ achievement was taken from a documented data. The data were analysed by using Product-Moment formula and the analysis of variance for multiple regressions data. Three hypotheses were stated in this research. The result of the first hypothesis is showed that students’ attitude toward English achievement had more significant influence compared to the second hypothesis of the influence of the students’ perception through scientific approach on students’ English achievement. At last, the finding can be concluded that there were significant influences of students’ attitude and perception toward the English achievement of the students at SMA Muhammadiyah 11 Padangsidimpuan. Keyword: Students’ attitude, perception, scientific approach, English achievement.

scholarly journals Matching research design to clinical research questions

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Aslam ◽  
Kedar Mehta ◽  
Helen Georgiev ◽  
Ambuj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Research Questions

scholarly journals ANALISIS TUGAS AKHIR SKRIPSI MAHASISWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Desy Tri Inayah
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Student Research ◽  
Research Profile ◽  
Title Problem ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Student Thesis

The final thesis analysis of the student's thesis aims to obtain: 1) research design input, 2) in-depth information about the student thesis research profile, 3) various areas of expertise that are the focus of student research, 4) input on the research procedures undertaken by students, and 5) know the results and research products of students.This study uses 6 stages, namely: 1) Unitizing (uniting); 2) Sampling; 3) Recording / coding; 4) Reducing; 5) Inferring (taking conclusions), 6) Naratting (narration).The results of this study are: 1) 65% thesis abstract number of artistry there are 4, the formulation of the problem is less in accordance with the title (36%), the order of the conclusion of the thesis conclusion is less in accordance with the hypothesis and research questions (48%), while the composition of the thesis is coherent from the title, problem formulation, hypothesis / research questions, and conclusions there are only 36% of the total thesis there; 2) The existence of words that are less operational in the formulation of the problem (16%), the use of words that are less appropriate in the title (5%), the existence of the title of the thesis that is less appropriate to the field of expertise (5%).

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MODEL KURSUS WIRAUSAHA DESA PEMBIBITAN KARET UNGGUL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI BERWIRAUSAHA WARGA BELAJAR

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Badawi Badawi ◽  
Sutaryat Trisnamansyah
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Curriculum ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions

This research is grounded on the fact that a lot of civillians are unemployed as they do not have enough knowledge and skills to work. On the other side, the increasing number of conversions from horticulture plants to rubber plants has caused the people’s demand for top rubber seeds to increase too.This research therefore wanted to find out the type of KWD Model to increase the entrepreneurship competency of the learning participants. Based on this objective, this research developed correlational and differential research questions. The correlational investigation was needed to examine the contribution of the independent variables toward the dependent variable (the increase of the entrepreneurship competency) of the learning participants. Meanwhile the differential investigation was needed to examine the effectiveness of the model.The result of the research indicates there is a positive and significant contribution of the learning participant’s interest, achievement motivation, the learning participant’s participation, technical resourceperson’s competence, the training curriculum, the infrastructure and facilities, the intstructional process, and the executing institution toward the increase of the entrepreneurship competency of of the learning participants both individually or all together. The test of model effectiveness proves a positive and significant difference between the designed model and the existing model. 

scholarly journals HYPOTHESES TESTING ON THE VALIDITY OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND COMMON MOTIF OF SELAYAH KERINGKAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-117
Author(s):  
Norsyahbany Mansor ◽  
Qistina Donna Lee Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channel ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Common Motif ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Framework

This paper is to deliberate the subjects of the effective communication channel in delivering common motifs in Selayah Keringkam by assessing the local and International tourists’ preference. It is to evaluate the hypotheses Testing On validity of Effective Communication and Common Motif of Selayah Keringkam Towards the communication channel. The finding of this paper is to enhance the implications on developing a significant way to disseminate Selayah Keringkam as a heritage product in Sarawak. This paper will expose a substantial relationship between the independent variables (Common Motif of Selayah Keringkam), the dependent variables (Channels of Communication) and the mediator (Supplement of Effective Communication) as a new framework to the body of knowledge. This research involved 384 respondents with 5 relevant authorities related to answering research questions. The data collected from the fieldwork were analysed using SPSS version 24. The measures used in this article are methodically deliberated using factor analysis and correlation analysis. Lastly, the results of the regression analyses testing on hypotheses and summary of hypotheses assessments are presented.

Setting Up an Online Survey Instrument for Effective Quantitative Cross-Tabulation Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Analyze Data

The building of an online survey instrument involves sophisticated understandings of the research context, research design, research questions, and other elements. A lesser observed need is to consider what types of data analytics will be applied to the findings. With beginning-to-end online survey research suites, it becomes all the more necessary to think through the process from beginning to end in order to create an instrument that achieves all the necessary aims of the research. After all, improper online survey instrument designs will result in makework when it comes time to analyze data and will foreclose on particular data analytics opportunities. (Such instruments also will not have second or third uses after the first one-off.) This chapter explores how to build an effective online survey instrument to enable a quantitative cross tabulation analysis with the built-in analysis Qualtrics.

Comparing the Socio-Political Ethics of Fighting Terrorism With Extreme Self-Defense in USA

2019 ◽  
pp. 504-524
Author(s):  
Maximiliano E. Korstanje ◽  
Kenneth David Strang
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Global Terrorism

In this study the authors adopted a post-positivist research design philosophy to explore the likelihood that Americans would support extreme self-defense policies like torture, reducing human rights or banning Muslims to fight against global terrorism, especially after 9/11 and in light of the Trump conservative government. The authors grounded their research questions into the literature to form hypotheses in a correlational design strategy which they tested using nonparametric statistics. They collected opinions from 3213 Americans during 2016-2017 about applying extreme self-defense tactics to combat global terrorism and how these opinions contrasted between those holding a conservative versus liberal or other individualistic socio-political ideology. The surprising results were that American citizens did not unanimously endorse banning Muslims (only 30% supported the policy and 6% were undecided) but the majority (51%) of participants sanctioned torture as a self-defense to combat global terrorism.

Mixed Methods Research Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-52
Author(s):  
Mette L. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Embedded Design ◽  
Strategic Implementation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Collection Phase

This chapter introduces the various design choices researchers need to decide on prior to conducting the study. The chapter starts with a detailed description of what research design is, followed by an explanation of descriptive, explanatory, or exploratory research questions. This determines what type of data will be collected. The major strategic implementation methods for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods are then discussed. The three strategies for mixed methods research—parallel convergent, sequential, and embedded design—are presented in detail along with the rationale for their use. Finally, in the last section, the strands or sequencing of the data collection phase of the study are explained.

Like in English and como, como que, and like in Spanish in the speech of Southern Arizona bilinguals

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-207
Author(s):  
Joseph Kern
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Discourse Particles ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Contact Situation

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: This study analyzes the use of like in English and como, como que, and like in Spanish in the speech of bilinguals from Southern Arizona to assess the possible influence of like in English on its equivalents in Spanish in a language contact situation in which English is the majority language. Design/Methodology/Approach: Drawing on a discourse-pragmatic variationist approach, this study analyzes the use of like in English and its Spanish equivalents in recorded conversations between nine pairs of young Spanish-English bilingual friends from Southern Arizona. Data and Analysis: 3389 tokens of like in English and its Spanish equivalents from 18 hours of recorded conversations (9 hours in each language) were analyzed quantitatively. The analysis assesses the relative frequencies of these variants and their syntactic positioning as clause-external discourse markers and clause-internal discourse particles. The independent variables of the analysis were the language of the conversation and the sex and language dominance of the participants. Findings/Conclusions: Contact with English did not appear to radically influence the use of como, como que, and like in Spanish in the speech of these bilinguals. In the speech of the same bilinguals, like in English was much more frequent and occurred in many more syntactic positions than its Spanish equivalents. Originality: This is the first study of discourse-pragmatic features in contact to analyze the use of discourse markers and discourse particles in both the donor and the recipient language in the speech of the same bilinguals. Significance/Implications: These results contribute to our knowledge of the limited interaction of linguistic repertoires in the speech of bilinguals at the discourse level even in language contact situations with a majority language. They also underline the ability of bilinguals to both understand and reproduce the subtleties of the use of these features in the two languages they speak.

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