scholarly journals From mere urbanity to urban bioethical standards

JAHR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Iva Rinčić ◽  
Amir Muzur ◽  
Chan Kyu Lee ◽  
Sun-yong Byun ◽  
Robert Doričić
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Urban Bioethics ◽  
Action Project ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Interest In Research ◽  
European Bioethics ◽  
Biomedical Paradigm

An interest in research, deliberation, and reflection on urbanity has been present for a long time. Due to rapid urbanisation in the last few decades, such interest has intensified, attracting scholars from different disciplines and creating new platforms for discussion. The first indicators of a ‘bioethical’ interest in urban life are already present in Van Rensselaer Potter’s early papers (urban ethics. However, more extensive research into urban bioethics remained on hold until recently, mainly due to the dominance of the biomedical paradigm within modern mainstream bioethics. In 2017, the European Bioethics in Action project (funded by the Croatian Science Foundation) ended, resulting in a list of general bioethical standards related to animals, plants, and human health. The aim of this paper is to present the rationale for developing bioethical standards in a specific urban context.

scholarly journals Clove Essential Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications and Essential Bioactivities for Human Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Nabor Haro-González ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera ◽  
Moisés Martínez-Velázquez ◽  
Hugo Espinosa-Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Clove Essential Oil ◽  
Interest In Research

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae) is an aromatic plant widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries, rich in volatile compounds and antioxidants such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Clove essential oil has received considerable interest due to its wide application in the perfumery, cosmetic, health, medical, flavoring, and food industries. Clove essential oil has relevant biological activities to human health, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticide. This review describes the effect of the extraction method (hydrodistillation, steam distillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, cold pressing, and supercritical fluid extraction) on the chemical composition of essential oil and its correlation with their biological activities. Likewise, are summarized the main compounds and their reported biological activities. Furthermore, the main applications in clove essential oil in the food industry are presented. Finally, this review presents the new biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anesthetic, antinociceptive and anticancer, which are beneficial for human health. This review aims to compile the effect of different methods of extracting clove essential oil on chemical composition, food applications, as well as a current description of biological activities of interest to human health. Biological activities have increased interest in research into this essential oil and its future applications in the food or pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Plant sterols for human health- A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1081-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanu Jain ◽  
Shikha Bathla
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Positive Results

The aim of the article was to review phytosterols as functional food and its significance in lowering cholesterol as well as its specific effect on human health. Phytosterols has been known for its cholesterol lowering action long time back but the uprising of phytosterols in form of functional foods gained the interest once again. Fatty food matrix provides optimal solubility but fortification of phytosterols with other food matrices like low fat fermented milk, bread, juice are showing positive results. A dose of 2 g/day of either steryl or stanyl esters has been prescribed for an optimum effect which has been confirmed by FDA and EC. A number of studies have documented the safety and the efficiency of phytosterols. But there is still a big question mark on the use of it because of their adverse effect on body in form of Phytosterol oxidation products (POPs). It needs further investigation to elucidate effect of POPs within body.

scholarly journals Dead Among the Living: Burning Bodies in Inner City Wellington

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zoe Jaye Moller
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Business District ◽  
A Site

<p>The architecture of cremation has struggled to embrace an identity; it has remained ambiguous in its architectural typology and religious association since it was first introduced into western society. Additionally, the absence of a ritual place for death in urban life is one manifestation of the contemporary idea that death does not belong in the modern living city. Death is seen as having no place in a society obsessed with youth and vigour; it has become an architectural taboo. The increased reluctance to physically address death as the inevitable consequence to life has resulted in death associated architecture eroding to the point where it has become absent in our everyday lives.   With the expansion of Wellington during the 1800’s, cemeteries formerly on the outskirts (Mount and Bolton Streets) became engulfed by the sprawling city. Overflowing with corpses by the 1900’s, these sites now remain dormant, eliminating any opportunity for the public to ‘see’ death daily. Situating a crematorium within a Wellington urban context will not only address this issue, but also successfully meet the demand for more burial spaces, as Makara Cemetery is nearing capacity, and Karori Cemetery is already full. A site located in the ‘dead centre’ of Wellington’s central business district becomes the testing ground for a new urban crematorium – one that aims to reduce the anxiety around death by inclusion of it within people’s everyday lives. It aims to provide mourners with a more meaningful experience, and the general public a cosmopolitan necropolis. The presence of an urban crematorium and columbarium provides continual opportunities for people to reflect on their own mortality, honour and remember the dead, and be reminded to live while they can.   A methodological approach of testing architectural sequences in relation to pattern language theory will allow for a thematic progression for mourners from sorrow to acceptance through the use of light, shadow, and sectional arrangements. This investigation into the meaningfulness of relationships between people and buildings, life and death, translates into spaces ready to be further invested with meaning by mourners.</p>

Concealing the urban dominant: The socio-spatial dialectic and urban protest in Gonzalo Torrente Ballester’s La saga/fuga de J.B.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Michael L. Martínez, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Henri Lefebvre ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Urban Protest ◽  
Gonzalo Torrente Ballester

In the post-Fordist world, cities emerged as increasingly contested terrains upon which capital and ordinary citizens struggled to control the urban process. Henri Lefebvre discerned this contestatory dynamic early on and in response developed the ‘urban’, a concept that cleaves a critical pathway towards a host of material, cultural and ideological processes that attach to capitalist modernity. Around the same time, the Spanish novelist Gonzalo Torrente Ballester was working to sketch the contours of his magnus opus La saga/fuga de J.B. Torrente would eventually come to recognize the roles that the urban process and the socio-spatial dialectic play in mediating contemporary urban life. The present article thus carries out first a close reading of Torrente’s personal journals to detail the ascendency of the ‘urban dominant’ as a central structuring component of his fictional writings. Thereafter, the critical analysis of La saga/fuga de J.B. will reveal that the ‘urban dominant’ stands concealed at the heart of this notoriously complicated novel. This urban cultural studies reading of La saga/fuga de J.B. will argue that, like Lefebvre, Torrente denounces capital’s static conception of space at the same time that he draws upon historical movements of urban protest for textual inspiration. And what will eventually emerge is that, beyond a master of the metafictional novel, Torrente was also an astute observer of everyday life in the urban context.

Iodine deficiency diseases in children and adolescents (plenary lecture)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Kasatkina
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Plenary Lecture ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Deficiency Diseases

The main consequence of iodine deficiency in the environment is the development of goiter in people living in iodine-deficient regions (endemic goiter). In this regard, for a long time it was considered that goiter is the only manifestation of this condition. It has now been proven that, in addition to goiter, iodine deficiency also has other adverse effects on human health. In 1983, the term "endemic goiter" was replaced by the term  "iodine deficiency diseases" (IDD). These diseases are caused by a decrease in the functional activity of the thyroid gland in response to iodine deficiency.

Integrative Nursing in Sweden

2018 ◽  
pp. 652-662
Author(s):  
Mats Jong ◽  
Lisbeth Kristiansen ◽  
Miek C. Jong ◽  
Torkel Falkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Holistic Care ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Complex Systems Science ◽  
Biomedical Paradigm

This chapter describes the existing “core” of caring/nursing in the Nordic tradition and how that can be merged with the concepts of integrative nursing to form a vision and strategy for the future. Terms such as integrative nursing are unfamiliar among nurses in Sweden, but the concepts of holistic care and healing have been taught for a long time and are well integrated in education and legislation. This chapter discusses possible barriers, such as the level of decision-making in Swedish healthcare as well as the role and attitude towards legislation in the light of the dominant biomedical paradigm. Further discussion explores how integrative nursing may serve as a bridge between the caring, nursing, and biomedical perspectives in its effort to identify and construct evidence from the basis and understanding of complex interventions and complex systems science. Practical steps for progression are identified and suggested.

Housing neighborhoods as an interaction of enclosure and disclosure

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Mangut ◽  
Fatma Ahsen Ozsoy
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
Housing Units

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the interaction of enclosure and disclosure, and analyze the dynamics of this bond. It also investigates the interaction between open spaces and closed spaces in housing areas as fundamental public and private realms of the neighbourhoods to understand the relation between physical and social environments. Design/methodology/approach The research aims to grasp the effects of open spaces on the development of the physical and social structures in a community at the intersection of enclosure and disclosure. To display potentials of the relation between these two notions, the behavioural treatments at the intersection of open space and housing units as the basic modules of the pattern, and the effects of spatial organization forms on them are explored. The methodology of the study is formed through the clarification of tangible and intangible facts simultaneously, conducted by spatial and behavioural analysis. Findings The intersection of enclosure and disclosure in neighbourhoods receives both practical and academic attention. The zone not only creates appropriate conditions for a vital urban life, but also helps to generate social structure in the neighbourhood. Furthermore, although the modernist settlements are criticized because of urban monotony and lifelessness since the last two and three decades of the twentieth century, it is seen that the situations in which “the spatial organization of housing units” and “the formation of urban pattern of the settlement” were dealt synchronously generate vividness and achievement in an urban context. Originality/value The study aims to grasp how the intersection zone is affected by the differences of “urban activities in open spaces as one of the main indicators of vividness” and “spatial organization of dwelling units with a perspective from the other side of the border”. Moreover, to understand the capacity of the intersection zone in physical reality, the research aims to evaluate theoretical data through the actual dynamics of daily life. The combination of various research methods that constituted mostly spatial and behavioural analysis is one of the most robust sides of the research.

scholarly journals BANNED ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES RESIDUE STILL OCCUR IN CATTLE MILK FROM KHARTOUM STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Sara Ahmed Mohamed ◽  
Afaf I. A ◽  
Sahar M. A ◽  
Abubakar A. S ◽  
Abdelbagi A. O ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pesticides Residue

Background: Pesticides application for controlling pests, has been a matter of debate for long time. In order to guarantee sustainable human health, this application should be monitored continuously. Materials and Methods: 65 samples of cattle milk were collected from different Khartoum state’s municipals; to assess the OCP residue, samples were extracted with petroleum ether and cleaned up using silica gel, then read out by GC equipped with FID. Result: Two pesticides belong to OCP were detected, Endosulfan (69.8%) and Heptachlor (92%); the detected concentration of the second one was outstanding, as all positive samples were above the MRL.

scholarly journals Interview with Associate Professor of Rijeka University Iva Rinčić

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Hanna Hubenko ◽  
Iva Rinčić
Keyword(s):  
Associate Professor ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Local People ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Urban Bioethics ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City ◽  
Living Creature

Interview with associate professor Iva Rincic feels like meeting a close-minded person on a very long journey. Meet and feel that you are “on the same page”. What is urban bioethics? How is it different from bioethics in general?  What is this “Project on Bioethical Urban Life Standards: The City as the Basis for Ethics Life”? – are the main points laid down in the conversation. So, during the interview, you will find out that despite the fact that bioethics is perceived as a modern version of biomedical ethics, originally it covers a much wider area of ​​interest. Bioethics implies moral obligations of people not only to each other, but also to everything living (animals and plants) (F. Jahr (1926)). This is the science of survival (V. R. Potter (1971)). If we see bioethics in this way, then urban life is necessary as a (bio) ethical object, purpose and scope, and "the city as a living creature that is constantly growing and transforming." Within the framework of the project the main goal is to create a list of urban bioethics standards. In order to activate the mechanism of urban bioethics, Iva talks about such valuable characteristics of local people as Responsibility, Committment, Awareness, Trust, Belonging. The project “European Bioethics in Action” fed into the list of bioethical standards. Iva Rincic also presented a list of 97 standards that determine relationships between animals, plants, people and environment. Further this list will be simplified for residents of the city. Iva wants all citizens to be included in these lists. She is also sure that this is the only way to have a rather bright tool to achieve bioethical city in the future.

scholarly journals Effect of PCP Pesticide Contamination on Soil Quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Werheni Ammeri ◽  
Yassine Hidri ◽  
Hassen Abdenaceur
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pesticide Contamination ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short And Long Term

In recent years, soil contamination with pesticides has become a crucial news issue with serious short- and long-term effects on human health and its environment. Pesticides play a significant role in the success of modern farming and food production. These compounds have potential for toxicity and adverse effects on human health and ecological soil systems. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is one of the most recalcitrant chemicals polluting the environment for its stable aromatic ring system and chloride content. Nowadays, many sites are contaminated with this substance. In these areas, concentrations may stay high for a long time because of slow degradation in the soil due to the negative effects that PCP has on soil microbial populations. Bioremediation of PCP contaminated sites can be realized introducing directly, into a contaminated system, microorganisms able to consume selectively the target compound (bioaugmentation) or increasing the microbial indigenous population by addiction of nutrients in form of organic and/or inorganic fertilizers and biosolids (biostimulation). In the present chapter, we present an overview of the effect of PCP pesticide contamination on soil microbial populations (density and diversity), enzymatic activity and physicochemical parameters. Additionally, the bioremediation process will be detailed.

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