scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal Activity and Total Tannin Content of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Codiaeum variegatum

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Khalid Labu ◽  
Farhina Rahman Laboni ◽  
Mir Md Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md Sariful Islam Howlader
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Codiaeum Variegatum ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Effect

The present study was designed to investigate the antidiarrhoeal activity and determine the total tannin content of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Codiaeum variegatum (Family- Euphorbiaceae). The antidiarrhoeal activity was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice and the total tannin content was determined by using the Folin-Coicalteu phenol reagent. The ethanolic extract of leaves of C. variegatum showed a positive effect on castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. In the antidiarrhoeal assay the extract inhibited the mean number of defecation by 40.81% and 59.18% (p<0.01 & p<0.001) at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The latent period for the extract treated group was (p<0.01 & p<0.001) increased as compared to control group. The total tannin content was quite significant and high in ethanolic extract (241.41 mg/g of tannic acid equivalent). Phytochemical screenings of the leaf extract indicated the presence of carbohydrate (reducing sugars), gums, steroids, alkaloids and tannins. Therefore, the results of the present study provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant as remedy for diarrhea.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(1): 87-90, 2015 (June)

scholarly journals Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) reduces circulating Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in vivo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niladri Mukherjee ◽  
Nikhilesh Joardar ◽  
Suprabhat Mukherjee ◽  
Santi P. Sinha Babu
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heartworm Infection ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

AbstractThe present study enumerates the effectiveness of ethanolic leaf extract of A. indica against circulating microfilariae (mf) of D. immitis in vivo of Canis familiaris. An ethanolic extract was prepared from the leaves of A. indica (EEA) and treated on dogs infected with the filarial nematode Dirofilaria immitis, the causative agent of canine cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis. Before treatment, all the infected dogs were vigilantly supervised for any natural fluctuation of mf count. Two doses; 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight/twice a day; both for 15 days were selected for in vivo tests along with a control group which received an empty capsule during the study period. The highest reduction of circulating mf was counted on day 60, showing mf reduction of 77.9% and 86.7% respectively for the two doses. Thereafter mf density increased with a minor change and maintained reduction of 49.5% and 64.1% on day 180 respectively. Additionally, no appreciable side effects in the treated dogs were recorded as evident from serum toxicity parameter analyses. In conclusion, the ethanolic formulation of A. indica leaves possesses considerable effectiveness against D. immitis in vivo with no toxic modification in the host after exposure. Thus, EEA appears to be a good alternative remedy against heartworm infection in infected dogs.

scholarly journals INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF MORUS ALBA IN REVERSING OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND RELATED METABOLIC DISORDER IN RATS

2016 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Hanaa H. Ahmed ◽  
Fatehya M Metwally ◽  
Hend Rashad ◽  
Asmaa M Zaazaa
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the viability of Morus alba (M. alba) ethanolic extract in repression of obesity-associated<br />hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorder; dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glycemic status.<br />Methods: Adult female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, eight rats each as follows: Group (1) control group received standard<br />rodent diet for 24 weeks. The other three groups administered high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and served as obese group, M. alba-treated group,<br />and simvastatin-treated group.<br />Results: The current results showed an increment in thoracic circumference (TCX) and abdominal circumferences (AC) as well as body mass index<br />(BMI) in obese group. In addition, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance have been elucidated in obese group.<br />Moreover, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin<br />values were significantly increased in obese groups versus control group. On the other hand, administration of ethanolic extract of Morus alba or<br />simvastatin could significantly lessen BMI and in addition to improve dyslipidemia in obese group. Glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance value<br />in serum samples demonstrated a significant reduction in obese group upon treatment with M. alba ethanolic extract or simvastatin. Furthermore,<br />noticeable depletion in hepatic MDA, NO contents, serum ALT, AST activities, and serum bilirubin level was recorded as a result of treatment with<br />either ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed ballooning degeneration in the hepatocytes<br />(hepatic steatosis) associated with inflammatory cells penetration in portal zone in obese group. Meanwhile, the treatment of obese groups with<br />ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin was found to restore the structural organization of the liver.<br />Conclusion: The present findings provide a novel aspect for understanding of the role of M. alba against obesity-associated liver diseases and related<br />metabolic disorder. The mechanisms underlying these effects seem to depend on the hypolipidemic potential, anti-inflammatory property, and<br />antioxidant activity of its phytochemicals.<br />Keywords: Obesity, Morus alba, Dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia, Hepatic steatosis.</p>

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LINDL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Davie Rexon Kamadyaapa ◽  
Mavuto Masopera Gondwe ◽  
Mathulo Shauli ◽  
Constance Sewani Rusike ◽  
Jehu Iputo
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adrenoceptor Blocker ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Objective: The study was carried out to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (EEJ) using various models of experimental diarrhea.Methods: Antidiarrheal property of EEJ at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal propulsive models of experimental diarrhea in Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 200–250 g. Cytotoxicity test of EEJ was performed using brine shrimp bioassay.Results: Toxicity assay of EEJ showed a lethal concentration value of 1225 μg/ml suggesting non-toxicity. EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/bwt) inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea by 38.1%, 76.19%, and 100%, respectively, and enteropooling by 28%, 56%, and 88%, respectively, compared with control. Pre-treatment with yohimbine, α2-adrenoceptor blocker significantly reversed the protective effect of EEJ (400 mg/kg) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and against castor oil-induced enteropooling, suggesting the involvement of α2-adrenoceptors in antidiarrheal property of EEJ. Furthermore, EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dosedependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg/bwt) inhibited gastrointestinal motility by 28%, 62%, and 83.92%, respectively.Conclusion: The study has demonstrated the antidiarrheal potential of ethanolic leaf extract of EEJ, which may be attributable to its dual antisecretory and antimotility activities probably through activation of the sympathetic α2-adrenergic pathway.

scholarly journals In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) pre-treated rats and protective effect of Vernonia amygdalina post-treatment on liver function

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Usunomena Usunobun ◽  
Gabriel Anyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Background: Liver disease and toxicity is common, especially with many drug treatments. The effect of Vernonia amygdalina ethanolic leaf extract post-treatment on rats pre-treated with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was evaluated.Methods: Male wistar rats were orally administered DMN (single dose of 25 mg/kg) on first day and thereafter post-treated with 100 and 200mg/kg ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina for seven days. Analysis of serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, total bilirubin and glucose were carried out.Results: Administration of DMN alone to rats significantly increased glucose and total bilirubin concentration (P < 0.05) in the serum while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum total protein and albumin concentrations when compared with controls. However, post-treatment of DMN administered rats with 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract leaf of Vernonia amygdalina significantly (P<0.05) reversed these changes in a concentration dependent manner.Conclusion: In conclusion ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina have a potent hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective action against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver damage in rats may be due to its antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ERYTHRINA ABBYSINICA LAM, EX DC

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Kamadyaapa Davie Rexon ◽  
Gondwe Mavuto Masopera ◽  
Shauli Mathulo ◽  
Sewani Rusike Constance ◽  
Nkeh Chungag Benedicta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

  Objective: This study was conducted to scientifically evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Erythrina abbysinica (EEA).Methods: Acute and sub-chronic effects of EEA at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt and glibenclamide (GL) at 5 mg/kg/bwt. were evaluated in both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats (250–300 g). The acute studies were performed using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In sub-chronic studies, animals were orally administered with EEA and GL daily for 6 w. Brine shrimp assay was used to determine the toxicity of EEA. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing capacity of plasma, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays were used to determine antioxidant properties of EEA.Results: Following OGTT, EEA significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt) decreased blood glucose levels in both normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with positive and negative control counterparts at all-time points, whereas GL significantly (p<0.05) decreased blood glucose only in normal rats but not in diabetic rats. Daily, oral administration of EEA for 6 w significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt) decreased blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with the diabetic control group. EEA revealed weak toxicity with a lethal concentration50 value of 997 μg/ml). Furthermore, EEA showed significant free radical scavenging, total antioxidant, and anti-lipid peroxidative capacities.Conclusion: The study has shed more light on the scientific basis for the use of E. abbysinica in management of diabetes in some communities of Eastern Cape of South Africa.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Animesh Hazarika ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Objective: To determine preliminary phytochemical Screening and evaluation of Antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of Leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum.Methods: The ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum was prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard method and evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrheal effect using leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum by castor oil-inducing method. Animals were divided into four groups. Group-I was treated with distilled water 2 ml/kg body weight. Group-II was treated with loperamide 1 mg/kg body weight, Group-III and Group-IV were treated with ethanolic extract of leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively.Results: Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, glycoside, saponins, proteins and amino acids. The ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves given by oral route to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly showed antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induced diarrhea as compared with control group and standard.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum contain the high presence of phytochemical components and it showed that the leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum having significant antidiarrheal activity. All doses of the plant extracts showed a significant delay in castor oil-induced diarrhea and this justifies the use of this plant as a herbal remedy against diarrhea. 

scholarly journals Saussurea lappa Ethanolic Extract Attenuates Triamcinolone Acetonide-Induced Pulmonary and Splenic Tissue Damage in Rats via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Amany Behairy ◽  
Nora M. Elseddawy ◽  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽  
Wael N. Hozzein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Saussurea Lappa

Background: In this era, worldwide interest has been directed towards using natural antioxidants to guard against drug side effects. Saussurea lappa is a famous medicinal plant with many biologically active compounds. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is an extensively used glucocorticoid. Hence, this study explored, for the first time, the possible beneficial effects of S. lappa ethanolic extract on TA-induced oxidative damage in the lung and spleen of rats. Methods: Five experimental groups were used: control group, S. lappa-treated group (600 mg/kg/day, orally), TA-treated group (40 mg/kg/twice/week I/P), S. lappa + TA co-treated group, and S. lappa/TA prophylactic group. Results: TA exposure significantly induced leukocytosis and neutrophilia. In addition, TA significantly reduced the levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor α, and immunoglobulins. Lung Caspase-3 overexpression and splenic CD8+ downregulation were also noted in the TA group. TA treatment significantly increased malondialdehyde concentration but reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. S. lappa counteracted the TA oxidative and apoptotic effects. The best results were recorded in the prophylactic group. Conclusions: S. lappa has a remarkable protective effect via its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant capacity. Thus, it could be a candidate as a natural antioxidant to face glucocorticoid’s harmful side effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Sub-Acute Dermal Toxicity Studies of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Lawsonia Inermis in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 835-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khairullah Zahi ◽  
Hazilawati Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Rosly Shaari ◽  
Riyanto Teguh Widodo ◽  
Lucy Johnny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Observation Period

Lawsonia inermis is one of the most significant plants used in traditional medicine. However, many details of the dermal toxicity of L. inermis remain unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vivo acute and sub-acute dermal toxicity of ethanolic extract of L. inermis leaves. In acute experiment, a total of 20 rats were divided into four groups of five rats. A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups of six rats for the sub-acute experiment. The extract at a single dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight did not produce treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality in all rats tested during the 14-day observation period. However, in a repeated dose 28-day study, the application of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of body weight/day of leaves extract revealed no significant change (p > 0.05) in bodyweight, haematological and biochemical parameters compared with the control group. Similarly, gross pathology and histopathology examinations of liver, kidneys, and skin did not reveal any morphological alteration. Overall, the results show that the close application of L. inermis leaves extract did not have any critically dangerous impact on rats. Subsequently, the concentrate may be employed for pharmaceutical plans.

scholarly journals GC–MS analysis of ethanolic leaf extract of Capparis divaricata Lam.

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
M. Hemalatha ◽  
Saivenkatesh Korlam ◽  
N. Yasodamma
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Planet earth is rich in plant-based medicine. Unfortunately, most of the medicinal plants are not in lime light for their optimal utilisation by the mankind mostly, because of unknown medicinally important phytochemicals present in them. Capparis divaricata Lam. is one of the medicinally important plants widely distributed in Arthagiri Hills of Chittoor Dist., Andhra Pradesh. The plant is ethnobotanically used for different ailments especially cancer. In the present study, Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of leaf ethanolic extract of Capparis divaricate is reported. Octasilaxone, Hexadecamethyl; Acetoxymethyl – Trimethyl: Octamethyl were identified as the major compounds.  Further, these compounds may act as anti-cancerous agents by efficient pharmacological studies.

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