Completed Suicides: Correlates of Choice of Method

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Suicide Intent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Commit Suicide ◽  
Single Cohort

The relationship between social and psychological correlates of youthful suicide victims and methods of lethality is examined. Data on those who commit suicide are also used to explore the suicide intent hypothesis, and the findings are discussed in light of recent claims that choice of method of lethality is useful for understanding completed suicide. The results suggest that a wide range of factors may be related to youthful intent and suicidal behavior, but only minor differences are observed among a single cohort of committers.

Menstruation and Suicide: An Exploratory Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Dogra ◽  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
Ravi Raintji ◽  
Sanjeev Lalwani ◽  
Shalini Girdhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
India Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has reported mixed findings on the effect of the menstrual cycle on suicidal behavior. The contribution of menstruation to completed suicide is also controversial, though the studies are very limited and have not been carefully designed. To explore the relationship, 217 autopsies on completed suicides were performed, matched to a control group at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi. The results show that 54.46% of people who died by suicide were menstruating (results excluded pregnancies), compared to 6.75% of the control group. Menstruation in those who completed suicide, compared to a control group, appeared to have an association with suicide. More research is warranted.

scholarly journals Analysis of suicide hanging deaths in South Bangalore: A three-year retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Gopal B K ◽  
Jagannatha S R ◽  
Viswakanth B ◽  
Harsha R G
Keyword(s):  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Time Type ◽  
Commit Suicide

Hanging is the most frequently encountered asphyxial death in forensic medicine practice. It is the second most common method employed to commit suicide in India. Easy availability and presence of wide range of ligature materials at home itself makes hanging a preferred method of committing suicide. This study was done at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences & hospital Bangalore with an aim to evaluate suicidal hangings through perusal of postmortem reports retrospectively during the study period between Jan 2011 to Dec 2013. During the 3-year study period the study population had a total of 519 decedents ranging between age 11 years to 77 years. Victims of both sexes comprised the study population. Suicidal hangings with reference to age, sex, socioeconomic status of the decedents, educational qualification, motive, time, type of suspension and position of knot were studied to evaluate the relationship between different parameters. 62.63% of the decedents were males. The most common age group affected were in their third decade of life, who made 43.35 population 66.1% of victims died in complete suspension and remainder 33.0952% of victims had typical know placement while 47.6% had atypical knot placement. 58.38% of victims belonged to lower socioeconomic strata of which a majority shared an educational qualification up to pre-university weighing a percentage of 26%. The motive in majority of the deaths remained unknown (38.15%), family disputes ranked second with a percentage of 36.03.

scholarly journals The Role of Perceived Social Support in the Association Between Stressful Life Events and Suicidal Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balpreet Panesar ◽  
Tea Rosic ◽  
Myanca Rodrigues ◽  
Nitika Sanger ◽  
Natasha Baptist-Mohseni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Suicide Intent ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Suicide is a serious public health concern for which there have been well-established protective and risk factors reported in literature. There is a lack of evidence on the indirect effects of other variables on these factors. Specifically, the association between stressful life events and suicidal behavior may be affected by perceived social support, but its role in this association is largely uninvestigated.Objectives: Thus, this paper aims to explore the role of perceived social support in the association between stressful life events and suicidal behavior. Perceived social support will be explored as a mediator and as a moderator in this association.Methods: Data were obtained from the Determinants of Suicidal Behavior Conventional and Emergent Risk (DISCOVER), a study conducted to identify risk factors of suicidal behavior. The study participants are individuals with suicide attempts admitted to hospital. Participants (n = 343) were recruited from hospital setting. Suicidal behavior was measured using two outcomes (1) the occurrence of a suicide attempt (2) level of suicide intent as measured by the Pierce Suicide Intent Scale. Perceived social support was measured using the Sarason Social Support Questionnaire.Results: Stressful life events were significantly associated with suicide attempts (OR 1.440, 95% CI 1.440, 1.682, p < 0.001) and perceived social support (B −0.785, 95% CI −1.501, −0.068, p = 0.032). There was no significant mediation effect by perceived social support in the association between stressful life events and suicide attempts (Sobel's test statistic 1.64, p = 0.100). Perceived social support did not moderate the relationship between stressful life events and suicide attempts [(OR 1.007, 95% CI 0.987, 1.027, p = 0.514] or the relationship between stressful life events and level of suicidal intent (B −0.043, 95% CI −0.132, 0.046, p = 0.343).Conclusion: Stressful life events are associated with increased risk of suicide attempts. The study also identified an inverse relationship between stressful life events and perceived social support. These associations were independent of perceived social support. This study highlights the effects of stressful life events on suicide risk is not affected by perceived social support, requiring further investigation into measures to reduce the impact of social stressors on people with risk of suicide.

scholarly journals Influencing Factors and Prevention of College Students’ Suicidal Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechen Gong
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
School Level ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Suicide Behavior ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Commit Suicide

<p>Taking family, society and school level as the starting point, to prevent college students’ suicide behavior on campus. Contemporary college students are the darlings of this rapidly developing society. They have the most perfect education system and the most advanced science and technology. They also face many challenges. Studies show that an increasing number of college students suffer from mental illness and some even commit suicide. This paper firstly summarizes the personal factors and environmental factors that produce suicidal psychology, and also analyzes the relationship between the “Big Five Personality” of college students and suicidal behavior. This paper discusses how to prevent the “suicide death” of college students and puts forward corresponding measures. It is hoped that through these methods and measures, college students can have a stronger psychology and a better future, and create greater value for the society.</p>

Impulsivity as a Correlate of Suicidal Behavior in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netta Horesh ◽  
Doron Gothelf ◽  
Hadas Ofek ◽  
Tal Weizman ◽  
Alan Apter
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Suicide Prediction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Commit Suicide

One hundred and eighteen inpatient adolescents in a psychiatric hospital were evaluated to determine the relationship of aggression, self injury, and suicidal behavior to impulsivity. It was hypothesized that all these variables would be significantly and positively correlated with one another. This hypothesis was in part based on the results of psychobiological research that found serotonin dysfunction to be the common denominator of these psychopathological dimensions. As predicted, a significant correlation was found between the measures of suicidal behavior, aggressive behavior, and impulsivity. This correlation between suicidal behavior and impulsivity remained after partialing out the factor of aggression. Furthermore, the correlations between impulsivity and suicidality appeared greater in males than in females. Since male suicide attempters are more likely to eventually commit suicide than female suicide attempters, these findings may have a bearing on suicide prediction.

This paper discusses the relationship between alcohol consumption and suicidal behavior in Belarus

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s886-s886
Author(s):  
S. Davidouski ◽  
Y. Razvodovsky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

IntroductionSuicide is one of the main causes of premature mortality in Belarus. It is well recognized that drinking is among the major risk factors that are associated with suicidal behavior.AimsThis study was design to extend our understanding the relationship between alcohol and suicidal behavior.MethodsRisk factors for suicidal behavior (completed suicide and parasuicide) among residents of Minsk city and Gomel city were studied.ResultsAmong the residents of Minsk the maximum suicides risk was in the age of 46–60 years, and parasuicide at age 20–39 years. The ratio of men to women - 4:1; they were often BAC-positive (from 38.8% in 2015 to 42% in 2008). Among parasuicides sex ratio of about 1:1; 30% of men aged 20–39 years, were BAC-positive. Studies in the city of Gomel, has shown maximum number of parasuicides in the ages of 18–29 years (39.3% in women and 30.7% men). Among parasuicides the majority of men (57.8%) and a significant proportion of women (34.2%) were BAC-positive. Maximum number of those attempted suicide and dependent on alcohol were among men ages 30–39 years (66.15%) and 50–59 years (65.22%), among women in the age 30–39 years (45.45%).ConclusionsAcute alcohol intoxication is characteristic of young people who commit parasuicide. Chronic alcohol intoxication is a risk factor in middle-aged persons who commit suicide. Prolonged use of alcohol contributes to the development of comorbid mental disorders, during the crisis of middle age is manifested as an increased risk of suicides.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Emergency Department Admission and Mortality Rate for Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondo Maria Pavarin ◽  
Angelo Fioritti ◽  
Francesca Fontana ◽  
Silvia Marani ◽  
Alessandra Paparelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Emergency Department Admission ◽  
Completed Suicide

Background: The international literature reports that for every completed suicide there are between 8 and 22 visits to an Emergency Department (ED) for attempted suicide/suicidal behavior. Aims: To describe the characteristics of admission to emergency departments (EDs) for suicide-related presenting complaints in the metropolitan area of Bologna; to estimate the risk for all-cause mortality and for suicide; to identify the profiles of subjects most at risk. Method: Follow-up of patients admitted to the EDs of the metropolitan area of Bologna between January 2004 and December 2010 for attempted suicide. A Cox model was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic variables and the general mortality risk. Results: We identified 505 cases of attempted suicide, which were more frequent for female subjects, over the weekend, and at night (8:00 p.m./8:00 a.m.). The most used suicide methods were psychotropic drugs, sharp or blunt objects, and jumping from high places. In this cohort, 3.6% of subjects completed suicide (4.5% of males vs. 2.9% of females), 2.3% within 1 year of the start of follow-up. The most common causes of death were drug use and hanging. In the multivariate analysis, those who used illicit drugs 24 hr prior to admission to the ED (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.23–9.73) and patients who refused the treatment (HR = 6.74, 95% CI = 1.86–24.40) showed an increased mortality risk for suicide. Conclusion: Deliberate self-harm patients presenting to the ED who refuse treatment represent a specific target group for setting up dedicated prevention schemes.

Serotonergic Genes and Suicidality

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisheng Du ◽  
Gabor Faludi ◽  
Miklos Palkovits ◽  
David Bakish ◽  
Pavel D. Hrdina
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Completed Suicide

Summary: Several lines of evidence indicate that abnormalities in the functioning of the central serotonergic system are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive illness and suicidal behavior. Studies have shown that the number of brain and platelet serotonin transporter binding sites are reduced in patients with depression and in suicide victims, and that the density of 5-HT2A receptors is increased in brain regions of depressed in suicide victims and in platelets of depressed suicidal patients. Genes that code for proteins, such as tryptophan hydroxylase, 5-HT transporter, and 5-HT2A receptor, involved in regulating serotonergic neurotransmission, have thus been major candidate genes for association studies of suicide and suicidal behavior. Recent studies by our group and by others have shown that genetic variations in the serotonin-system-related genes might be associated with suicidal ideation and completed suicide. We have shown that the 102 C allele in 5-HT2A receptor gene was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (χ2 = 8.5, p < .005) in depressed patients. Patients with a 102 C/C genotype had a significantly higher mean HAMD item #3 score (indication of suicidal ideation) than T/C or T/T genotype patients. Our results suggest that the 102T/C polymorphism in 5-HT2A receptor gene is primarily associated with suicidal ideation in patients with major depression and not with depression itself. We also found that the 5-HT transporter gene S/L polymorphism was significantly associated with completed suicide. The frequency of the L/L genotype in depressed suicide victims was almost double of that found in control group (48.6% vs. 26.2%). The odds ratio for the L allele was 2.1 (95% CI 1.2-3.7). The association between polymorphism in serotonergic genes and suicidality supports the hypothesis that genetic factors can modulate suicide risk by influencing serotonergic activity.

Suicidal Behavior in Four Ethnic Groups in The Hague, 2002–2004

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Burger ◽  
Albert M. van Hemert ◽  
Willem J. Schudel ◽  
Barend J.C. Middelkoop
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Psychiatric Department

Background: Suicidal behavior is a severe public health problem. Aims: To determine the rates of attempted and completed suicide among ethnic groups in The Hague, The Netherlands (2002–2004). Methods: By analyzing data on attempted and completed suicide (from the psychiatric department of general medical hospitals; the psychiatric emergency service and the municipal coroners). Results: Turkish and Surinamese females aged 15–24 years were at highest risk for attempted suicide (age-specific rate 545 / 100,000 and 421 / 100,000 person-years, respectively). Both rates were significantly higher than in the same age group of Dutch females (246 / 100,000 person-years). Turkish (2%) and Surinamese (7%) had lower repeat suicide-attempt rates than did Dutch (16%) females aged 15–24. Significantly lower suicide-attempt rates were found for Surinamese than for Dutch females aged 35–54 years. Differences were not explained by socioeconomic living conditions. The ratio fatal/nonfatal events was 4.5 times higher in males than in females and varied across age, gender, and ethnicity strata. Completed suicide was rare among migrant females. No completed suicides were observed in the Turkish and Surinamese females aged 15–24 years. Conclusions: The study demonstrates a high risk of attempted suicide and a low risk of completed suicide among young Turkish and Surinamese females.

Interactive Effects of Acute Suicidal Affective Disturbance and Pain Persistence on Suicide Attempt Frequency and Lethality

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Thomas E. Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Affective Disturbance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Acute suicidal affective disturbance (ASAD) has been proposed as a suicide-specific entity that confers risk for imminent suicidal behavior. Preliminary evidence suggests that ASAD is associated with suicidal behavior beyond a number of factors; however, no study to date has examined potential moderating variables.  Aims: The present study tested the hypotheses that physical pain persistence would moderate the relationship between ASAD and (1) lifetime suicide attempts and (2) attempt lethality. Method: Students ( N = 167) with a history of suicidality completed self-report measures assessing the lifetime worst-point ASAD episode and the presence of a lifetime suicide attempt, a clinical interview about attempt lethality, and a physical pain tolerance task. Results: Physical pain persistence was a significant moderator of the association between ASAD and lifetime suicide attempts ( B = 0.00001, SE = 0.000004, p = .032), such that the relationship between ASAD and suicide attempts strengthened at increasing levels of pain persistence. The interaction between ASAD and pain persistence in relation to attempt lethality was nonsignificant ( B = 0.000004, SE = 0.00001, p = .765). Limitations: This study included a cross-sectional/retrospective analysis of worst-point ASAD symptoms, current physical pain perception, and lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusion: ASAD may confer risk for suicidal behavior most strongly at higher levels of pain persistence, whereas ASAD and pain perception do not influence attempt lethality.

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