Emotional Thinking in the Adult: Individual Differences in Mysticism and Globality-Differentiation

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Mehrabian ◽  
Catherine A. Stefl ◽  
Melissa Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Adult Individual ◽  
Magical Ideation ◽  
Emotional Sensitivity ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Differentiation Scale ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The present study explored emotional thinking in the adult using four related scales. A new Mysticism Scale assessed tendencies to use magical, esoteric, incomprehensible, and unfounded concepts and hypotheses. Two related scales (Paranormal Belief, Magical Ideation) correlated .88 and .74, respectively, with the Mysticism Scale. The Globality-Differentiation Scale assessed emotional, subjective, and centered thinking and related to unpleasant, arousable, and submissive characteristics, showing it to be the cognitive counterpart of Trait Anxiety or Neuroticism. The Globality/maladjustment relationship was confirmed by positive relationships of the Globality Scale with measures of Trait Anxiety, Depression, Panic, Somatization, and Drug Use. In comparison, the Mysticism Scale related only to Trait Arousability (a measure of positive and/or negative emotional sensitivity) and, along with the Paranormal Belief and Magical Ideation scales, was generally unrelated to measures of psychopathology.

Examining the effects of social anxiety and other individual differences on gaze-directed attentional shifts

2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182097395
Author(s):  
Louisa A Talipski ◽  
Emily Bell ◽  
Stephanie C Goodhew ◽  
Amy Dawel ◽  
Mark Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Gaze Cueing ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attentional Shifts ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Gaze direction is a powerful social cue, and there is considerable evidence that we preferentially direct our attentional resources to gaze-congruent locations. While a number of individual differences have been claimed to modulate gaze-cueing effects (e.g., trait anxiety), the modulation of gaze cueing for different emotional expressions of the cue has not been investigated in social anxiety, which is characterised by a range of attentional biases for stimuli perceived to be socially threatening. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether social anxiety modulates gaze-cueing effects for angry, fearful, and neutral expressions, while controlling for other individual-differences variables that may modulate gaze cueing: trait anxiety, depression, and autistic-like traits. In a sample of 100 female participants, we obtained large and reliable gaze-cueing effects; however, these effects were not modulated by social anxiety, or by any of the other individual-differences variables. These findings attest to the social importance of gaze cueing, and also call into question the replicability of individual differences in the effect.

scholarly journals Subjective cognitive complaints at age 70: associations with amyloid and mental health

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-325620
Author(s):  
Ivanna M. Pavisic ◽  
Kirsty Lu ◽  
Sarah E. Keuss ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Christopher A. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Anxiety Depression

ObjectiveTo investigate subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in relation to β-amyloid pathology and to test for associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition and family history of dementia in the Insight 46 study.MethodsCognitively unimpaired ~70-year-old participants, all born in the same week in 1946 (n=460, 49% female, 18% amyloid-positive), underwent assessments including the SCD-Questionnaire (MyCog). MyCog scores were evaluated with respect to 18F-Florbetapir-PET amyloid status (positive/negative). Associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition (measured by the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite, PACC) and family history of dementia were also investigated. The informant’s perspective on SCD was evaluated in relation to MyCog score.ResultsAnxiety (mean (SD) trait anxiety score: 4.4 (3.9)) was associated with higher MyCog scores, especially in women. MyCog scores were higher in amyloid-positive compared with amyloid-negative individuals (adjusted means (95% CIs): 5.3 (4.4 to 6.1) vs 4.3 (3.9 to 4.7), p=0.044), after accounting for differences in anxiety. PACC (mean (SD) −0.05 (0.68)) and family history of dementia (prevalence: 23.9%) were not independently associated with MyCog scores. The informant’s perception of SCD was generally in accordance with that of the participant.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study demonstrates that symptoms of SCD are associated with both β-amyloid pathology, and more consistently, trait anxiety in a population-based cohort of older adults, at an age when those who are destined to develop dementia are still likely to be some years away from symptoms. This highlights the necessity of considering anxiety symptoms when assessing Alzheimer’s disease pathology and SCD.

scholarly journals The combined effects of prenatal drug exposure and early adversity on neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood and adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Fisher ◽  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
David S. DeGarmo ◽  
Linda L. Lagasse ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Dysregulation ◽  
Prenatal Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractThe negative effects of prenatal substance exposure on neurobiological and psychological development and of early adversity are clear, but little is known about their combined effects. In this study, multilevel analyses of the effects of prenatal substance exposure and early adversity on the emergence of neurobehavioral disinhibition in adolescence were conducted. Neurobehavioral disinhibition has previously been observed to occur frequently in multiproblem youth from high-risk backgrounds. In the present study, neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed via behavioral dysregulation and poor executive function composite measures. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal investigation of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants followed from birth through adolescence. The results from latent growth modeling analyses showed mean stability but significant individual differences in behavioral dysregulation and mean decline with individual differences in executive function difficulties. Prior behavioral dysregulation predicted increased executive function difficulties. Prenatal drug use predicted the emergence and growth in neurobehavioral disinhibition across adolescence (directly for behavioral dysregulation and indirectly for executive function difficulties via early adversity and behavioral dysregulation). Prenatal drug use and early adversity exhibited unique effects on growth in behavioral dysregulation; early adversity uniquely predicted executive function difficulties. These results are discussed in terms of implications for theory development, social policy, and prevention science.

scholarly journals Theories of Personality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra M Brandes ◽  
Kathleen Wade Reardon ◽  
Jennifer L Tackett
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Adult Individual ◽  
Foundational Research ◽  
The Life Course

The study of personality development has seen significant advances in the last two decades. For many years, youth and adult individual differences were studied from separate theoretical standpoints. However, more recent research has indicated that teenagers display personality traits in many of the same ways as adults. These personality traits are moderately stable throughout the life course, but there are important developmental shifts in their expression, structure, and maturation, especially in adolescence. This has resulted in an effort to study youth personality “in its own right” (Tackett, Kushner, De Fruyt, & Mervielde, 2013). Early personality associations with important lifelong outcomes including academic achievement, mental health, and interpersonal relationships further underscore the importance of studying traits in youth. Here we discuss current consensus and controversy on adolescent personality and highlight foundational research on the topic.

Inter-individual differences in trait anxiety shape the functional connectivity between the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the amygdala during brief threat processing

NeuroImage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Brinkmann ◽  
Christine Buff ◽  
Katharina Feldker ◽  
Paula Neumeister ◽  
Carina Y. Heitmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Threat Processing

Effects of Color and Trait Anxiety on State Anxiety

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Reeves ◽  
Ed M. Edmonds ◽  
Dollie L. Transou
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Color Condition ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Trait Theory ◽  
The Relationship

A 2 (trait anxiety) × 4 (color) factorial design was used to determine the effects of red, green, yellow, and blue on state anxiety as a function of high and low trait anxiety. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess both trait (A-Trait) and state (A-State) anxiety for the 10 students assigned to each of the eight treatment combinations. High A-Trait students were significantly more anxious while viewing blue, red, and green than were the low A-Trait students and blue produced significantly more state anxiety than did either yellow or green. These results are consistent with state-trait theory and indicate that the effects of color on state anxiety may be confounded with trait anxiety unless the levels of A-Trait are equivalent for each color condition. The role of cultural and individual differences in the relationship between color and emotion and implications for research are discussed.

Differentiating anxiety and depression: the State-Trait Anxiety-Depression Inventory

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1409-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Renner ◽  
Michael Hock ◽  
Ralf Bergner-Köther ◽  
Lothar Laux
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Individual Differences in the Enjoyment of Negative Emotion in Music: A Literature Review and Experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Garrido ◽  
Emery Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Fantasy Proneness ◽  
Emotions In Music

Why do People Seek out Music that Makes Them cry? This paradox is a complex one that appears to have no single answer. Rather, numerous factors appear to be interacting in the diverse responses of individuals to music. The present study tested the hypothesis that individual differences in dissociation, absorption, fantasy proneness, empathy, and rumination would be related to the enjoyment of negative emotion in music. Fifty-nine participants completed a survey pertaining to this question. Results revealed statistically significant positive relationships between enjoyment of evoked negative emotion in response to music with both absorption and the recently reported construct of 'music empathy,' Factor analysis and a regression model confirmed these results, and the approach suggests that further study of individual differences will continue to provide new insights into some of the subtleties of the enjoyment of negative emotions in music.

What if I am the one? Measuring individual differences in emotional sensitivity to probability and emotional reactivity to possibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
Heather P. Lacey ◽  
Steven C. Lacey ◽  
Laura D. Scherer ◽  
Brian J. Zikmund‐Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Emotional Sensitivity ◽  
The One
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