scholarly journals Orthopedic Surgeons’ Perspectives on the Decision-Making Process for the Use of Bioprinter Cartilage Grafts: Web-Based Survey (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Àngels Salvador Verges ◽  
Luis Fernández-Luque ◽  
Francesc López Seguí ◽  
Meltem Yildirim ◽  
Bertran Salvador-Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons

BACKGROUND Traumatic and degenerative lesions in the cartilage are one of the most difficult and frustrating types of injuries for orthopedic surgeons and patients. Future developments in medical science, regenerative medicine, and materials science may allow the repair of human body parts using 3D bioprinting techniques and serve as a basis for new therapies for tissue and organ regeneration. One future possibility is the treatment of joint cartilage defects with in vivo 3D printing from biological/biocompatible materials to produce a suitable cell attachment and proliferation environment in the damaged site and employ the natural recovery potential of the body. This study focuses on the perspectives of orthopedic surgeons regarding the key factors/determinants and perceived clinical value of a new therapeutic option. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the knowledge and expectations of orthopedic surgeons regarding the clinical use of bioprinted cartilage. METHODS The survey, conducted anonymously and self-managed, was sent to orthopedic surgeons from the Catalan Society of Orthopedic and Traumatology Surgery. In accordance with the method devised by Eysenbach, the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys was used to analyze the results. The following factors were taken into consideration: the type and origin of the information received; its relevance; the level of acceptance of new technologies; and how the technology is related to age, years, and place of experience in the field. RESULTS Of the 86 orthopedic surgeons included, 36 believed the age of the patient was a restriction, 53 believed the size of the lesion should be between 1 and 2 cm to be considered for this type of technology, and 51 believed that the graft should last more than 5 years. Surgeons over 50 years of age (38/86, 44%) gave more importance to clinical evidence as compared to surgeons from the other age groups. CONCLUSIONS The perspective of orthopedic surgeons depends highly on the information they receive and whether it is specialized and consistent, as this will condition their acceptance and implementation of the bioprinted cartilage.

scholarly journals Transcription Factors Active in the Anterior Blastema of Schmidtea mediterranea

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Yoko Suzuki-Horiuchi ◽  
Henning Schmitz ◽  
Carlotta Barlassina ◽  
David Eccles ◽  
Martina Sinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Anterior Regeneration

Regeneration, the restoration of body parts after injury, is quite widespread in the animal kingdom. Species from virtually all Phyla possess regenerative abilities. Human beings, however, are poor regenerators. Yet, the progress of knowledge and technology in the fields of bioengineering, stem cells, and regenerative biology have fostered major advancements in regenerative medical treatments, which aim to regenerate tissues and organs and restore function. Human induced pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type of the body; however, the structural and cellular complexity of the human tissues, together with the inability of our adult body to control pluripotency, require a better mechanistic understanding. Planarians, with their capacity to regenerate lost body parts thanks to the presence of adult pluripotent stem cells could help providing such an understanding. In this paper, we used a top-down approach to shortlist blastema transcription factors (TFs) active during anterior regeneration. We found 44 TFs—31 of which are novel in planarian—that are expressed in the regenerating blastema. We analyzed the function of half of them and found that they play a role in the regeneration of anterior structures, like the anterior organizer, the positional instruction muscle cells, the brain, the photoreceptor, the intestine. Our findings revealed a glimpse of the complexity of the transcriptional network governing anterior regeneration in planarians, confirming that this animal model is the perfect playground to study in vivo how pluripotency copes with adulthood.

scholarly journals Toxicologic Pathology Forum Opinion Paper: Considerations for Toxicologic Pathologists Evaluating the Safety of Biomaterials and Finished Medical Devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayne C. Gad ◽  
JoAnn C. L. Schuh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Foreign Body Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Dose Control ◽  
Composition Structure

Safety (“biocompatibility”) assessment of medical devices has evolved along a different path than that of drugs, being historically governed more by the considerations and needs of engineers rather than chemists and biologists. As a result, the involvement of veterinary pathologists has been much more limited—almost entirely to evaluating tissue responses in tissues in direct contact with implanted devices. As devices have become more complex in composition, structure, placement, and use, concerns as to adverse systemic responses in patients have called for more comprehensive and thoughtful evaluations of effects throughout the body. Further complexities arise from the increasing marriage of devices and drug/biologic therapeutics to achieve either better dose control and, specifically, in delivery to target organs/tissues or better tolerance of the body to medical devices (i.e., minimization of the foreign body response). The challenge to pathologists is to integrate in new technologies (such as in vivo imaging and immunology) and ways of viewing interactions with patient bodies. To fail to do so will allow the methods and standards for medical device safety evaluation to be based on chemical analysis and then the limited details inherent in literature-based risk assessments.

scholarly journals ROLE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY FOR TREATMENT OF HCV

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Mushtaq ◽  
S Mushtaq ◽  
M Afzal ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Viral Load Test ◽  
Antiviral Medications

HCV is the main reason of the liver disease and worldwide it is one of the major issues of health due to its development into cirrhosis, failure and cancer of liver. The transference of HCV is mainly through the parental but people who use drug like intravenous are also at greatest threat. The life cycle of HCV is now understood in a more precise way due to extensive studies. Due to more understanding of this virus there is establishment of more effectual antiviral medications and also diagnostic devices. Test of nucleic acids are suggested for the validation of active HCV. Serology tests are suggested for the groups that are at the greatest risk. Earlier for the standard medications of HCV interferon (IFN-a) and ribavirin are used. Later FDA approved a number of drugs such as harvoni, simeprevir and boceprevir etc. for the proper treatment of HCV. Antiviral medications will be utilized to treat the infections of HCV. In the management of certain severe viral infection, therapeutic option has improved in a better way. There is need of follow-up and careful consideration as well as there are many new technologies that have developed for the quantitative measurement of viral genome concentration in the body fluid of patients. Initially this measurement led to important insight in the viral infection pathogenesis as well as these test also revolutionized natural history of HCV. In addition viral load test are pure tool for research, these are used in routine viral diagnosis. Viral load test are used in clinical virology for diagnosis and prognosis of patient’s.

Understanding the Effects of Thermal Elevations Associated With Orthopedic Intervention: An Experimental and Computational Investigation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Dolan ◽  
T. J. Vaughan ◽  
G. L. Niebur ◽  
D. Tallon ◽  
L. M. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surrounding Soft Tissue ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons

Specialized surgical cutting instruments are required to provide orthopedic surgeons with access to joints of the body, without causing extensive harm to native tissue, thus enhancing post-operative outcome. Orthopaedic intervention inevitably exposes bone tissue to elevated temperatures due to mechanical abrasion. Elevated temperatures lead to thermal necrosis and apoptosis of bone cells, surrounding soft tissue, bone marrow and stem cells crucial for postoperative healing (1–4). Thermally damaged bone tissue is subsequently resorbed and in severe cases replaced by connective tissue (2, 5) Bone thermal damage occurs when the local temperature exceeds a thermal threshold, largely recognised as ≥47°C (4, 6). Furthermore, it has been proposed that the area of bone to experience thermal damage is directly proportional to the duration of exposure to the heat source (7, 8). However, precise thermal elevations occurring throughout bone during surgical cutting are not well defined. It is also unclear whether temperatures generated in osteocytes in vivo are sufficient to induce cellular responses. Experimental analysis of temperature generation throughout bone is challenging due to its complex heterogeneous composition. There is a specific need for advanced 3D computational models that incorporate multi-scale variability in both bone tissue composition and thermal properties to predict how organ level thermal elevations are distributed throughout bone cells and tissue during orthopaedic cutting procedures.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON NOVEL OSMOTIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
AS Bansode ◽  
K Sarvanan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body

Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) are the key area of pharmaceutical research and Development. The reason is relatively low development cost and time required for introducing a NDDS as compared to new chemical entity. Many conventional drug delivery systems have been designed to modulate the release a drug over an extended period of a time. Various designs are available to control or modulate the drug release from a dosage forms. Majority of oral CR dosage forms fall in the category of matrix, reservoir or osmotic systems. Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems (OCDDS) is one of the most promising drug delivery technology that use osmotic pressure as a driving force for controlled delivery of active agents. Drug release from OCDDS is independent of pH and hydrodynamic conditions of the body because of the semipermeable nature of the Rate controlling membrane and the design of deliver orifice used in osmotic systems, so a high degree of In vitro/In vivo correlation is achieved. Osmotic drug delivery systems release the drug with the zero order kinetics which does not depend on the initial concentration and the physiological factors of GIT. This review brings out new technologies, fabrication and recent clinical research in osmotic drug delivery. Keywords: Osmotic, Matrix, Reservoir, Fabrication

scholarly journals Methods of Selection and Maintenance of Experimental Animals for Biomedical Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
Rachmat Hidayat ◽  
Patricia Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
A Value ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Scientific Principles

A B S T R A C TResearch is an activity carried out based on scientific principles and methodssystematically to obtain information, data, and information from relatedsubjects, with understanding the theory and proving assumptions and / orhypotheses. The results obtained are conclusions that can be applied orbecome additional knowledge for the progress of science. However, researchactivities must still respect the rights and dignity of research subjects.Health research includes biomedical, epidemiological, social, and behavioralresearch. Some health research can be done in vitro, using mathematicalmodels, or computer simulations. If the research results are to be used forhumans, further research is needed using living materials (in vivo) such ascell lines and tissue cultures. However, to observe, study, and conclude alloccurrences in living things as a whole, experimental animals are neededbecause experimental animals have a value for each part of the body andthere are interactions between these body parts.

Mechanical Resistance of Biological Repair Cartilage: Comparative in vivo Tests of Different Surgical Repair Procedures

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Gerber ◽  
D. Robinson ◽  
Z. Nevo ◽  
T. Brosh ◽  
H. Ash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Osteochondral Grafts ◽  
Press Fit ◽  
Histological Data ◽  
Engineered Cartilage

The former common knowledge that cartilage lesions do not heal has been modified over the last few years due to new technologies. For repair of deeper circumscribed lesions osteochondral press-fit grafting and tissue engineering are used in clinical application. The histological data of the hyaline-like tissue obtained by engineering are just as satisfactory as the surviving grafted hyaline cartilage on top of osteochondral cylinders. But comparative studies are still lacking. To fill the gap and with a view to repairing larger osteoarthritic defects we have performed an in vivo study on 16 goats. Three months after the creation of a full thickness wide cartilage defect on the femoral condyle with harvesting of cartilage samples for tissue cultures we performed secondary cartilage repair procedures on the installed osteoarthritis areas: 1) grafting with autogenic osteochondral press-fit cylinders from the opposite knee, 2) autologous engineered chondrocyte grafting under periosteal flaps, 3) both in combination. The harvesting defects were either left as controls or filled with a hyaluronate fleece. After eight months the repaired areas and the harvesting defects were examined for cartilage stiffness as a novel comparative parameter. Compared to normal the cartilage on top of osteochondral grafts is considerably stiffer. Engineered cartilage is weaker than normal. Spontaneously ingrown fibrous cartilage is much weaker even with a carrier fleece. A combination of osteochondral press-fit grafts with engineered autologous cells restores biomechanical qualities to repaired larger degenerative cartilage defects.

Meiotic CENP-C is a shepherd: bridging the space between the centromere and the kinetochore in time and space

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Fellmeth ◽  
Kim S. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
M Phase ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract While many of the proteins involved in the mitotic centromere and kinetochore are conserved in meiosis, they often gain a novel function due to the unique needs of homolog segregation during meiosis I (MI). CENP-C is a critical component of the centromere for kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Recent work, however, has highlighted the unique features of meiotic CENP-C. Centromere establishment and stability require CENP-C loading at the centromere for CENP-A function. Pre-meiotic loading of proteins necessary for homolog recombination as well as cohesion also rely on CENP-C, as do the main scaffolding components of the kinetochore. Much of this work relies on new technologies that enable in vivo analysis of meiosis like never before. Here, we strive to highlight the unique role of this highly conserved centromere protein that loads on to centromeres prior to M-phase onset, but continues to perform critical functions through chromosome segregation. CENP-C is not merely a structural link between the centromere and the kinetochore, but also a functional one joining the processes of early prophase homolog synapsis to late metaphase kinetochore assembly and signaling.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

Formulation, Design and Development of Niosome Based Topical Gel for Skin Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Formulation Design ◽  
Topical Gel

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer in which mostly damaged unpaired DNA starts mutating abnormally and staged an unprecedented proliferation of epithelial skin to form a malignant tumor. In epidemics of skin, pigment-forming melanocytes of basal cells start depleting and form uneven black or brown moles. Melanoma can further spread all over the body parts and could become hard to detect. In USA Melanoma kills an estimated 10,130 people annually. This challenge can be succumbed by using the certain anti-cancer drug. In this study design, cyclophosphamide were used as a model drug. But it has own limitation like mild to moderate use may cause severe cytopenia, hemorrhagic cystitis, neutropenia, alopecia and GI disturbance. This is a promising challenge, which is caused due to the increasing in plasma drug concentration above therapeutic level and due to no rate limiting steps involved in formulation design. In this study, we tried to modify drug release up to threefold and extended the release of drug by preparing and designing niosome based topical gel. In the presence of Dichloromethane, Span60 and cholesterol, the initial niosomes were prepared using vacuum evaporator. The optimum percentage drug entrapment efficacy, zeta potential, particle size was found to be 72.16%, 6.19mV, 1.67µm.Prepared niosomes were further characterized using TEM analyzer. The optimum batch of niosomes was selected and incorporated into topical gel preparation. Cold inversion method and Poloxamer -188 and HPMC as core polymers, were used to prepare cyclophosphamide niosome based topical gel. The formula was designed using Design expert 7.0.0 software and Box-Behnken Design model was selected. Almost all the evaluation parameters were studied and reported. The MTT shows good % cell growth inhibition by prepared niosome based gel against of A375 cell line. The drug release was extended up to 20th hours. Further as per ICH Q1A (R2), guideline 6 month stability studies were performed. The results were satisfactory and indicating a good formulation approach design was achieved for Melanoma treatment.

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