scholarly journals Impact of a Blended Periconception Lifestyle Care Approach on Lifestyle Behaviors: Before-and-After Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa van der Windt ◽  
Rianne Maria van der Kleij ◽  
Katinka Marianne Snoek ◽  
Sten Paul Willemsen ◽  
Ramon Henny Maria Dykgraaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Online Lifestyle ◽  
Blended Care

BACKGROUND Periconception lifestyle behaviors affect maternal, paternal, offspring, and transgenerational health outcomes. Previous research in other target populations has shown that personalized lifestyle interventions, in which face-to-face counseling and eHealth (“blended care”) are combined, may effectively target these lifestyle behaviors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a periconceptional lifestyle intervention on the improvement of specific lifestyle components. METHODS A blended periconception lifestyle care approach was developed, combining the outpatient lifestyle counseling service “Healthy Pregnancy” with the eHealth platform “Smarter Pregnancy” (www.smarterpregnancy.co.uk) in which lifestyle was coached for 24 weeks. All couples contemplating pregnancy or already pregnant (≤12 weeks of gestation) who visited the outpatient clinics of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, the Netherlands, between June and December 2018, were invited to participate. We measured changes in lifestyle behaviors at weeks 12 and 24 compared with baseline. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the changes in lifestyle behaviors over time. Subgroup analyses were performed for women with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), women pregnant at the start of the intervention, and those participating as a couple. RESULTS A total of 539 women were screened for eligibility, and 450 women and 61 men received the blended periconception intervention. Among the participating women, 58.4% (263/450) were included in the preconception period. Moreover, 78.9% (403/511) of the included participants completed the online lifestyle coaching. At baseline, at least one poor lifestyle behavior was present in most women (379/450, 84.2%) and men (58/61, 95.1%). In the total group, median fruit intake increased from 1.8 to 2.2 pieces/day (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and median vegetable intake increased from 151 to 165 grams/day (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) after 24 weeks of online coaching. The probability of taking folic acid supplementation among women increased from 0.97 to 1 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and the probability of consuming alcohol and using tobacco in the total group decreased from 0.25 to 0.19 (<i>P</i>=.002) and from 0.20 to 0.15 (<i>P</i>=.63), respectively. Overall, the program showed the strongest effectiveness for participating couples. Particularly for vegetable and fruit intake, their consumption increased from 158 grams/day and 1.8 pieces/day at baseline to 190 grams/day and 2.7 pieces/day at the end of the intervention, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We succeeded in including most participating women in the preconception period. A high compliance rate was achieved and users demonstrated improvements in several lifestyle components. The blended periconception lifestyle care approach seems to be an effective method to improve lifestyle behaviors. The next step is to further disseminate this approach and to perform a randomized trial to compare the use of blended care with the provision of only eHealth. Additionally, the clinical relevance of these results will need to be substantiated further.

scholarly journals Impact of a Blended Periconception Lifestyle Care Approach on Lifestyle Behaviors: Before-and-After Study

10.2196/19378 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e19378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa van der Windt ◽  
Rianne Maria van der Kleij ◽  
Katinka Marianne Snoek ◽  
Sten Paul Willemsen ◽  
Ramon Henny Maria Dykgraaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Online Lifestyle ◽  
Blended Care

Background Periconception lifestyle behaviors affect maternal, paternal, offspring, and transgenerational health outcomes. Previous research in other target populations has shown that personalized lifestyle interventions, in which face-to-face counseling and eHealth (“blended care”) are combined, may effectively target these lifestyle behaviors. Objective We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a periconceptional lifestyle intervention on the improvement of specific lifestyle components. Methods A blended periconception lifestyle care approach was developed, combining the outpatient lifestyle counseling service “Healthy Pregnancy” with the eHealth platform “Smarter Pregnancy” (www.smarterpregnancy.co.uk) in which lifestyle was coached for 24 weeks. All couples contemplating pregnancy or already pregnant (≤12 weeks of gestation) who visited the outpatient clinics of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, the Netherlands, between June and December 2018, were invited to participate. We measured changes in lifestyle behaviors at weeks 12 and 24 compared with baseline. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the changes in lifestyle behaviors over time. Subgroup analyses were performed for women with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), women pregnant at the start of the intervention, and those participating as a couple. Results A total of 539 women were screened for eligibility, and 450 women and 61 men received the blended periconception intervention. Among the participating women, 58.4% (263/450) were included in the preconception period. Moreover, 78.9% (403/511) of the included participants completed the online lifestyle coaching. At baseline, at least one poor lifestyle behavior was present in most women (379/450, 84.2%) and men (58/61, 95.1%). In the total group, median fruit intake increased from 1.8 to 2.2 pieces/day (P<.001) and median vegetable intake increased from 151 to 165 grams/day (P<.001) after 24 weeks of online coaching. The probability of taking folic acid supplementation among women increased from 0.97 to 1 (P<.001), and the probability of consuming alcohol and using tobacco in the total group decreased from 0.25 to 0.19 (P=.002) and from 0.20 to 0.15 (P=.63), respectively. Overall, the program showed the strongest effectiveness for participating couples. Particularly for vegetable and fruit intake, their consumption increased from 158 grams/day and 1.8 pieces/day at baseline to 190 grams/day and 2.7 pieces/day at the end of the intervention, respectively. Conclusions We succeeded in including most participating women in the preconception period. A high compliance rate was achieved and users demonstrated improvements in several lifestyle components. The blended periconception lifestyle care approach seems to be an effective method to improve lifestyle behaviors. The next step is to further disseminate this approach and to perform a randomized trial to compare the use of blended care with the provision of only eHealth. Additionally, the clinical relevance of these results will need to be substantiated further.

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene Compliance Study at a Large Central Hospital in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cam Le ◽  
Erik Lehman ◽  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Timothy Craig
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Hygiene Compliance

Lack of proper hand hygiene among healthcare workers has been identified as a core facilitator of hospital-acquired infections. Although the concept of hand hygiene quality assurance was introduced to Vietnam relatively recently, it has now become a national focus in an effort to improve the quality of care. Nonetheless, barriers such as resources, lack of education, and cultural norms may be limiting factors for this concept to be properly practiced. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers toward hand hygiene and to identify barriers to compliance, as per the World Health Organization’s guidelines, through surveys at a large medical center in Vietnam. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the compliance rate across different hospital departments and the roles of healthcare workers through direct observation. Results showed that, in general, healthcare workers had good knowledge of hand hygiene guidelines, but not all believed in receiving reminders from patients. The barriers to compliance were identified as: limited resources, patient overcrowding, shortage of staff, allergic reactions to hand sanitizers, and lack of awareness. The overall compliance was 31%; physicians had the lowest rate of compliance at 15%, while nurses had the highest rate at 39%; internal medicine had the lowest rate at 16%, while the intensive care unit had the highest rate at 40%. In summary, it appears that addressing cultural attitudes in addition to enforcing repetitive quality assurance and assessment programs are needed to ensure adherence to safe hand washing.

A Group Intervention for Motivational Deficits: Preliminary Investigation of a Blended Care Approach Using Ambulatory Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 014544552110476
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Thonon ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Levaux ◽  
Evelyne van Aubel ◽  
Frank Larøi
Keyword(s):  
Group Intervention ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Ambulatory Assessment ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Daily Step Count ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Blended Care

Motivational deficits are an important predictor of functional outcomes in individuals with a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia and mood spectrum disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a group version of “Switch,” an intervention that targets motivational deficits, enriched with an ecological momentary intervention (EMI) approach (i.e., prompts on the participants’ smartphone to encourage the use of trained strategies in their daily life). Eight participants with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or major depressive disorder entered the study. The intervention took place twice a week for 2 months. Assessment measures included traditional evaluations of motivational negative symptoms, apathy, quality of life and daily functioning, in addition to ambulatory assessment methods strategies, including the experience sampling method (ESM) to assess motivation and related processes, and actigraphy (daily step-count) to assess participants’ activity level. Four participants were considered as non-completers (followed less than 2/3 of the program) and four were considered as completers. Only completers presented a decrease in amotivation/apathy and an improvement in functional outcomes after the intervention and at follow-up. Furthermore, mixed-effects ESM models showed significant interaction effects on multiple processes related to motivation, indicating improvements only in completers: heightened motivation, increased engagement in meaningful and effortful activities, better mood, higher levels of confidence, increased frequency of projection into the future (pleasure anticipation), and of positive reminiscence. This preliminary investigation provides evidence that Switch may be an effective intervention, with specific effects on motivation and associated processes.

The Compliance of Prescribed Activity Restriction in Women at High Risk for Preterm Birth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghamar Bitar ◽  
Anthony Sciscione
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Activity Restriction ◽  
The Impact

Objective Despite lack of evidence to support efficacy, activity restriction is one of the most commonly prescribed interventions used for the prevention of preterm birth. We have a departmental policy against the use of activity restriction but many practitioners still prescribe it in an effort to prevent preterm birth. We sought to evaluate the rate and compliance of women who are prescribed activity restriction during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth. Study Design This was a single-site retrospective questionnaire study at a tertiary care, academic affiliated medical center. Women with a history of preterm delivery or short cervix were included. Once patients were identified, each patient was contacted and administered a questionnaire. We assessed the rates of activity restriction prescription and compliance. Secondary outcomes included details regarding activity restriction and treatment in pregnancy. Continuous variables were compared with t-test and categorical variables with Chi-square test. The value p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Among the 52 women who responded to the questionnaire, 18 reported being placed on activity restriction by a physician, with 1 self-prescribing activity restriction, giving a rate of our primary outcome of 19 of 52 (36.5%). All women reported compliance with prescribed activity restriction (100%). Gestational age at delivery was not different in women placed on activity restriction. Conclusion This questionnaire suggests that approximately one in three high-risk women were placed on activity restriction during their pregnancy despite a departmental policy against its use. The 100% compliance rate in patients placed on activity restriction is a strong reminder of the impact prescribing patterns of physicians can have on patients. Key Points

Implementation of a Clinical Pathway to Reduce Rates of Postextubation Stridor

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Megan Lange ◽  
Neeraj Badjatia ◽  
Wan-Tsu Chang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathway ◽  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Laryngeal Edema ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Postextubation Stridor

Background Unsuccessful extubation is associated with increased intensive care unit and hospital length of stays, hospital costs, morbidity, and mortality. The most common cause of reintubation is laryngeal edema, often evidenced by postextubation stridor. Objective To reduce the rates of postextubation stridor and reintubation in the neurocritical care unit at a large urban academic medical center. Methods A clinical pathway was created to aid in detecting patients expected to experience postextubation stridor and to guide prophylactic treatment. During the 12-week implementation phase, the pathway was completed on all intubated patients daily. Results The 12-week trial included a total of 606 days of mechanical ventilation. Checklists were completed for 531 days, a compliance rate of 88% for use of the clinical pathway. Of the 56 patients who were extubated during the trial, 54 had a checklist completed, for 96% compliance on the day of extubation. Outcomes after all nonpalliative extubations (n = 43) during the 12 weeks before and after implementation of the pathway (n = 56 periods) were evaluated by using χ2 tests. Implementation of the pathway was associated with a significant reduction in rates of postextubation stridor (χ2 = 6.2; P = .01), reintubation (χ2 = 5.5; P = .02), and reintubation due to postextubation stridor (χ2 = 8.3; P = .004). Conclusion The clinical pathway implemented in the neurocritical care unit was safe and effective in reducing rates of reintubation and reintubation due to postextubation stridor.

scholarly journals P03.11 Finding a predictive marker for compliance to TTFields therapy - the comptune study

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii27-iii27
Author(s):  
M A Proescholdt ◽  
A Haj ◽  
C Doenitz ◽  
A Brawanski ◽  
A Mühlberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BACKGROUND Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) imply the administration of alternating electric fields to induce mitotic arrest in Glioblastoma (GBM) cells. Based on the specific mode of action, which requires continuous exposure of the malignant cell pool to TTFields, compliance to TTFields treatment is a crucial parameter for treatment success. Correspondingly, a recent post hoc analysis of the EF-14 trial has demonstrated a strong correlation between TTFields compliance rate and treatment success. However, there is currently no data regarding predictive factors for individual compliance rate. We are therefore performing a prospective study designed to analyze specific parameters potentially influencing compliance to TTFields treatment employing a standardized psychological assessment battery in GBM patients who choose or not choose to undergo TTFields treatment in a longitudinal fashion. The results of the psychological profile will be correlated to the compliance rates of the individual patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty adult patients treated for newly diagnosed GBM at the University Regensburg Medical Center will be recruited. The psychological assessment battery aims at assessing four categories relevant for treatment compliance: 1. Lack of communicative skills, 2. depressive and anxiety disorders, 3. interpersonal factors (e.g. social support), and 4. intrapersonal factors, (e.g. beliefs about benefit, self-efficacy). The study endpoints are: 1. willingness to undergo TTFields therapy and 2. compliance rate of the individual patient, provided by the technical support team. The first interview takes place after treatment consultation (T0), 2 weeks after diagnosis (T1), at the initiation of TTFields treatment (T2) and every 4 weeks during treatment either until second disease progression or after maximal 8 months observation time per patient. Additionally, demographic (gender, age, marital status), clinical (KPI, extent of resection) and biological factors (MGMT promoter status, IDH1 mutation) will be assessed. RESULTS The study has been approved by the local ethics committee and has recruited the first 23 patients within 8 months since initiation of the study. The most updated results will be presented at the meeting. CONCLUSION One of the most challenging aspects in the application of TTFields in clinical practice is the identification of influencing factors increasing patients’ compliance. This study is designed to provide a psychological profile predictive for high treatment compliance.

scholarly journals Assessing the effects of vegetable consumption on the psychological health of healthy adults: a systematic review of prospective research

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola-Jayne Tuck ◽  
Claire Farrow ◽  
Jason M Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Psychological Well Being

ABSTRACT Background To alleviate the immense health and economic burden of mental illness, modifiable targets to promote psychological health are required. Emerging evidence suggests that both fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption may play an important role. However, the precise contribution of vegetable consumption, which may represent a more potent target than the consumption of fruit, has received little attention. Objectives This review aimed to synthesize and evaluate research investigating the effects of vegetable consumption on mental health and psychological well-being in nonclinical, healthy adult populations. We aimed to provide insight into the causal relation between vegetable consumption and these outcomes. Methods Only studies with prospective or experimental data were included. The survey of the literature was last implemented on 1 February, 2019. Results Ten eligible studies were identified, with a total sample size of n = 33,645, that measured vegetable intake separately from fruit, or combined this with fruit intake. Where studies explored the independent effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on psychological health (n = 3), 2 reported a preferential effect of vegetables (compared with fruit) on psychological well-being, whereas 1 reported a superior effect of fruit intake on odds reduction of symptoms of depression. More broadly, there was evidence that consuming the recommended amount of F&V (and exceeding this) was associated with increased psychological well-being. However, the effects of F&V consumption on mental health symptoms were inconsistent. Conclusions Increased F&V consumption has a positive effect on psychological well-being and there appears to be a preferential effect of vegetables (compared with fruit) from the limited data examined. The effect of F&V intake on mental health is less clear and, at present, there are no clear data to support a preferential effect of vegetable intake on mental health outcomes. Hence, additional research is warranted to investigate the influence of vegetables, compared with fruit, on psychological health in order to inform nutrition-based interventions. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42017072880.

scholarly journals Food Choices of Adolescents and Testing the Efficacy of Smart Phone Aided Nutrition Education Program (P21-062-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Jawed ◽  
Anishta Mehndi ◽  
Nilofer Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Objectives To assess the nutritional status & lifestyle behaviors and see the response of nutrition education delivery by smartphone technology among school going adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study design was conducted on total of 150 adolescents (aged 14–19 years) from private schools of Karachi (East) using multi-staged random sampling. Data was collected on adolescent's socio-demographics, lifestyle behaviors, nutritional status and dietary behaviors. Based on the need for providing the health and nutrition literacy to our adolescent population through m-health, the smartphone app by the name of ‘Health and Nutrition Daily guidelines for Youth” ‘HANDY’ was developed for the project. Also, a brochure was designed which included the same information as the app, representing the conventional form of education. Participants were divided into two groups – Control group was provided information through brochures and the Intervention group was given brochures and Smartphone App. Results Majority of the students were from upper middle income group. Almost 30% adolescents were obese. Among lifestyle behaviors, 32% didn't meet the criteria for 60 minutes of physical activity per day and excessive use of screen time (>2 hours a day) was 70% among adolescents. According to WHO recommendation only 36.6% were consuming vegetable intake, whereas fruit consumption was slightly better (50.3%). Snacking between meals was also found to be very common (32%) amongst adolescents. Different type of processed food including carbonated beverages and junk food consumption varied between 22–48%. After the baseline information, the intervention group was exposed to smartphone app and brochure versus brochure only and results showed that 76% of the participants in the intervention group liked the smart-phone application versus 34% who preferred brochure for healthier lifestyle. This shows a promising result of smartphone App usage in adolescents for inculcating healthy lifestyle habits. Conclusions As it was a pilot project, the potentiality of the app was found to be highly encouraging. Thus, longitudinal study with larger sample size, will be beneficial to test the efficacy of this app in producing a healthy behavior change. Funding Sources This project was funded by Scaling up Nutrition Academia and Research Pakistan, AusAid, and (ASK development).

scholarly journals Relationships Between Food Security, Fruit and Vegetable Availability, and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Elementary Children and Their Parents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 285-285
Author(s):  
Michaela Sossamon ◽  
Derek Miketinas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Elementary Children ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
School Garden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fruit Availability ◽  
At Home

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis is to explore baseline findings on the relationships between food security, fruit and vegetable availability, and fruit and vegetable intake in elementary children and their parents before the start of a school-garden program. Methods Third-grade students (n = 154) and their parents were recruited from a Texas elementary school that participates in a school-garden program. Prior to the start of the program, student participants along with one of their parents completed the National Cancer Institute's All-Day Screener to assess fruit, juice, and vegetable intake. Parent participants also completed other validated questionnaires to assess home availability of fruits and vegetables and food security. Regression and ANOVA were used to examine the relationships between food security, fruit and vegetable availability at home, and fruit and vegetable intake in parent and student participants. Results A total of 64 students provided consent, and 39 students (∼58% female), each with one parent (∼97% female), completed the questionnaires. Parents who reported low food security had significantly greater total fruit and vegetable intake (4.7 servings/day) along with their children (6.0 servings/day) compared with parents (2.8 servings/day) and children (3.3 servings/day) with high food security. Fruit availability at home was positively correlated with fruit intake in parents (β = 0.18; P = .0261; R2 = 0.13; ) but not children (P = .8931). No significant associations were found between vegetable availability and vegetable intake in student or parent participants. Conclusions These baseline findings indicate greater fruit and vegetable intake for children and parents with low food security, which may be due to differences in fruit intake rather than vegetable intake. Although greater fruit intake was associated with fruit availability in the home for parents, this association was not observed for children. Funding Sources None.

A free-produce stand on campus: impact on fruit and vegetable intake in Dutch university students

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-934
Author(s):  
Nicole van den Bogerd ◽  
Herman Peppelenbos ◽  
Roos Leufkens ◽  
Jacob C Seidell ◽  
Jolanda Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Pass Through

AbstractObjective:To investigate the effects of providing free fruit and snack vegetables at a university on students’ fruit intake, snack vegetable intake and total vegetable intake.Design:Free fruit and raw snack vegetables (e.g. bite-sized tomatoes) were provided in a stand in the form of a miniature wooden house located in the central hall of the university’s main building, which students regularly pass through on their way to lectures and the cafeteria. Three interventions tested with a pre-test/post-test design were performed. In these three interventions, small changes to the appearance of the stand were made, such as placing potted plants around it. Demographic characteristics and fruit and vegetable intakes were assessed with questionnaires.Setting:A Dutch university of applied science.Participants:Intervention 1 included 124 students; Intervention 2 included ninety-two students; Intervention 3 included 237 students.Results:Longitudinal linear regression analyses showed that post-test snack vegetable intake was consistently higher compared with pre-test. In the three interventions, post-test snack vegetable intakes were between 11 and 14 g/d higher than at the pre-test, which is comparable to three bite-sized tomatoes. No differences in fruit intake or total vegetable intake were found. Subgroup analyses showed that, in all three interventions, students with the lowest pre-test fruit intake and total vegetable intake reported the largest increase in fruit intake and snack vegetable intake after the interventions.Conclusions:Providing free fruit and vegetables to students at their university might be beneficial for those with low habitual intakes.

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