Strength and Elastic Properties of Cassava Tuber

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladele Peter Kolawole ◽  
Leo Ayodeji Sunday Agbetoye ◽  
A. S. Ogunlowo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Spring Balance

In this study, some engineering properties of cassava tuber samples were determined experimentally under five moisture content levels of 70 %, 65 %, 60%, 55 %, and 50 %wet basis. The properties measured were tensile strength, compressive strength and elasticity. Three experimental tools were designed and fabricated using spring balance, hose-clips, and 12Volts motor with reels and rope for the investigations. The IITA improved cassava variety TMS 4(2) 1425 was used in the experiments. Results of the tests indicated that all the properties measured were influenced by the moisture contents of the tuber.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Application of Various Water Additive Ratios on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cement-Stabilized Amorphous Peat at Different Natural Moisture Contents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Atikah Rahmi ◽  
Siti Noor Linda Taib ◽  
Fauzan Sahdi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Ucs Test ◽  
Cement Soil

Natural peat is considered incapable of supporting built structure due to its poor engineering properties. Chemical stabilization is one of the peat soil improvement methods which has been studied by many researchers. This study describes an investigation of water additive (W/A) ratio application on cement-stabilized peat strength. Peat soil at different moisture contents, which are 1210%, 803%, and 380%, were stabilized with cement by W/A ratio of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was conducted after the specimens were being air-cured for 28 and 56 days. The result shows that there is an increase of UCS value as the decrease of W/A ratio (the increase of cement dosage) and the increase of curing time and peat moisture content. The higher strength found in the specimen with higher moisture content, compared to the lower one at the same W/A ratio, shows that the mix design of cement-stabilized peat using W/A ratio should have differed under different peat natural moisture contents. From the result, it is also found that cement hydrolysis reaction occurred despite the presence of humic acid in the peat soil, which by many studies is assumed will hinder the cement-soil reaction.

scholarly journals Using Steel Slag for Stabilizing Clayey Soil in Sulaimani City-Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Zozk Kawa Abdalqadir ◽  
Nihad Bahaaldeen Salih ◽  
Soran Jabbar Hama Salih
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Clayey Soils

The clayey soils have the capability to swell and shrink with the variation in moisture content. Soil stabilization is a well-known technique, which is implemented to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. The massive quantities of waste materials are resulting from modern industry methods create disposal hazards in addition to environmental problems. The steel industry has a waste that can be used with low strength and weak engineering properties soils. This study is carried out to evaluate the effect of steel slag (SS) as a by-product of the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on natural and stabilized soils. SS was added by 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20% to the soil. The conducted tests are consistency limits, specific gravity, hydrometer analysis, modified Proctor compaction, swelling pressure, swelling percent, unconfined compressive strength, and California Bearing Ratio (Soaked CBR). The results showed that the values of liquid limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content, swelling pressure, and swelling percent were decreased when stabilized the soil. However, the values of maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, and California bearing ratio were increased with the addition of steel slag with various percentages to the clayey soil samples. The steel slag was found to be successfully improving the geotechnical properties of clayey soils.

Tensile Strength of Concrete at Different Strain Rates

1985 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Soroushian ◽  
Ki-Bong Choi ◽  
Gung Fu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Dynamic Tensile Strength ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

ABSTRACTResults of dynamic tensile strength tests of concrete, produced by the authors and other investigators, were used to study the effects of strain rate on the tensile strength of concrete. The influence of moisture content and compressive strength of concrete, and type of test (splitting tension, flexure, or direct tension) on the strain rate-sensitivity of the tensile strength were evaluated. An empirically developed expression is presented for the dynamic-to-static ratio of concrete tensile strength in terms of the rate of straining.

Laboratory Investigation on the Strength Characteristics of Cement-Treated Base

2014 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiruddin Ismail ◽  
Mojtaba Shojaei Baghini ◽  
Mohamed Rehan Karim ◽  
Foad Shokri ◽  
Ramez A. Al-Mansob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Flexure Strength ◽  
Indirect Tension ◽  
Indirect Tension Test

Cement-Treated Base (CTB) is a non-conventional method used in road bases materials to improve its engineering properties due to the hardening of cement when moisture is present and extends the period of curing times. This study investigates the effects of cement additive on properties of base layer using laboratory mechanistic evaluation of stabilized soil mixtures. Laboratory tests conducted were Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Indirect Tension test for Resilient Modulus (ITRM) and Flexure Strength (FS) tests. The results revealed that by adding Portland cement, the mechanical properties of the mixture have improved where the UCS is found to be an important quality indicator. In addition, the variables that influenced these tests, which are cement content, curing time, moisture content, and dry density, play important role to determine the performance of CTB. This paper presents the finding of a correlation conducted to analyse the influences of these variables using regression and ANOVA to establish significant models with the aim of predicting the strength base on mixture parameters. Keywords: Cement-Treated Base, Unconfined Compressive Strength, Indirect Tension test for Resilient Modulus, Flexure Strength, Moisture Content, Dry Density, Regression Analysis.

scholarly journals Effects of Moisture Content and Grain Direction on the Elastic Properties of Beech Wood Based on Experiment and Finite Element Method

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Wei-Lian Fu ◽  
Hui-Yuan Guan ◽  
Sawata Kei
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Element Method

Beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) is used in a wide range of wood products. However, the influence of the wood’s moisture content on its mechanical functions will affect its structural strength. It would be complicated and time-consuming to experimentally measure wood’s mechanical functions under different moisture contents. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a prediction formula between the moisture content and elastic constants, and then verify whether its mechanical functions within a wide range of moisture content can be studied by using FEM (finite element method). In this study, which was based on experimentation, we studied the influence of a wide range of moisture contents and grain direction on the compressive yield strength, modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of beech wood. The relationship between the moisture content and elastic constants was established; the moisture sensitivities of different elastic parameters were obtained. Ultimately, compression curves under different moisture contents were plotted out, using both FEM and experimentation. According to the results, the interaction of moisture with the grain direction had a significant effect on the elastic constants of wood, with grain direction having a greater effect on the elastic properties than the moisture content. Moreover, the decay function can be used to fit these experimental results well. The elastic constants of beech wood responded differently to the moisture content, depending on whether it was in the longitude or transverse directions. Finally, this study proved the feasibility of using FEM to simulate wood’s compressive performance with a wide range of moisture contents.

scholarly journals Engineering Properties of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Ternary Blend Geopolymer Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
V. Sathish Kumar ◽  
N. Ganesan ◽  
P. V. Indira
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Polypropylene Fibres ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Steel Fibres

The primary aim of this research is to find an alternative for Portland cement using inorganic geopolymers. This study investigated the effect of steel and polypropylene fibres hybridisation on ternary blend geopolymer concrete (TGPC) engineering properties using fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and metakaolin as the source materials. The properties like compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of ternary blend geopolymer concrete. The standard tests were conducted on TGPC with steel fibres, polypropylene fibres and a combination of steel and polypropylene fibres in hybrid form. A total number of 45 specimens were tested and compared to determine each property. The grade of concrete considered was M55. The variables studied were the volume fraction of fibres, viz. steel fibres (0%, 0.5% and 1%) and polypropylene fibres (0%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% and 0.25%). The experimental results reveal that the addition of fibres in a hybrid form enhances the mechanical properties of TGPC. The increase in the compressive strength was nominal, and a significant improvement was observed in splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. Also, an attempt to obtain the relation between the different engineering properties was made with different volume fractions of fibre.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on engineering properties of lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) with coconut fiber addition

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Nabihah Mohd Zamzani ◽  
Azree Othuman Mydin ◽  
Abdul Naser Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Coconut Fibre

In the last few years, there is emerging attention in using Lightweight Foamed Concrete (LFC) as a lightweight non-structural and semi-structural element in buildings to take advantage of its excellent insulation properties. Though, LFC has been noticed to have some disadvantages: considerable brittleness; results in low compressive and flexural strength, poor fracture toughness, poor resistance to crack propagation and low impact strength. Coconut fibre obtained from coconut husk, belonging to the family of palm fibres, is agricultural waste products obtained in the processing of coconut oil. In Malaysia, they are available in large quantities. Coconut fibre is extracted from the outer shell of a coconut. There are many general advantages of coconut fibres e.g. they are moth-proof, resistant to fungi and rot, provide excellent insulation against temperature and sound, not easily combustible, flame-retardant, unaffected by moisture and dampness, tough and durable, resilient, springs back to shape even after constant use, totally static free and easy to clean. Hence this study is intended to look into the potential of coconut fiber in enhancing the engineering properties of LFC. There are 5 engineering properties will be focused in this study which are flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, compressive strength, Poisson’s ratio and Poisson’s ratio toughness. Three densities of LFC of 800 kg/m3, 1100 kg/m3 and 1400 kg/m3 were cast and tested. The ratio of cement, sand and water used in this study was 1:1.5:0.49. Coconut fibers were used as additives at 0.12%, 0.24%, 0.36%, 0.48% and 0.60% by volume of the total mix. Test results indicated that the engineering properties of LFC strengthen with coconut fiber had increased soundly. Coconut fiber inclusion changes the post-peak response at the load-deflection curves for the samples, which modifies the failure mode and enhance the flexural strength, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength.

scholarly journals Layered Grouting Technology Based on a Comprehensive Water-to-Cement Ratio for the Overlying Loess Stratum of Urban Shallow Tunnels

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Teng Yang ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Qingsong Zhang ◽  
Zhanchao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Test System ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Grouting Pressure ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio

Different from sand and clay, loess has special engineering properties; hence, existing soil grouting theories are not suitable for the disaster treatment of shallow loess tunnels. In this study, a fine grouting reinforcement test system was developed, and the Yuhan Road tunnel overlying loess was used as the injection medium. An orthogonal test based on slurry dry density, moisture content, water-to-cement ratio, and grouting pressure was conducted. Results revealed that the loess samples have high integrity after grouting, and the cohesion and compressive strength improved significantly. The stress-strain curve showed that the strengthened samples have greater ultimate and residual strengths than samples before grouting. Through a range analysis, it was determined that water-to-cement ratio and moisture content are the main factors affecting loess cohesion and compressive strength. Therefore, a comprehensive test of the water-to-cement ratio and moisture content as a single variable was conducted. It was found that their influence on loess cohesion and compressive strength is not a single linear relationship but a combined balance. To characterize the joint effect of water in loess and in slurry on reinforcement, the concept of a comprehensive water-to-cement ratio is proposed, and the cohesion and compressive strength curves with respect to this ratio were drawn. An optimal comprehensive water-to-cement ratio, which corresponds to the maximum cohesion or compressive strength, was found. Based on this ratio, we further propose a method to calculate the water-to-cement ratio of slurry and suitable grouting amount for the Yuhan Road tunnel reinforcement project, in which all solution parameters can be measured via field tests. In the project, a surface layered grouting scheme, based on the optimal comprehensive water-to-cement ratio, was designed. After grouting, loess strength was improved significantly, permeability was reduced greatly, and the overall reinforcement effect was suitable; these results provide a reference for similar projects.

Properties of Cement Asphalt Emulsion Mortar for Pavement

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Chong Du ◽  
Ming Feng Kuo ◽  
J.C. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Hydraulic Cement ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Ca Mortar

This study focused on the properties of the cement asphalt emulsion (CA) mortar. The mixtures of the samples were fabricated and allowed them seven, fourteen and twenty eight days for curing before tested by compressive strength, three points flexural test, and indirect tensile strength to probe into their engineering properties. Hydraulic cement mortar samples used as control are analyzed for comparison. The test results show that the compressive strength is hydraulic cement mortar greater than CA mortar; the flexural strength at curing of 28 days is CA mortar greater than hydraulic cement mortar, however, at curing of 7 and 14 days is hydraulic cement mortar greater than CA mortar; and the indirect tensile strength is hydraulic cement mortar greater than CA mortar. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis results show that the Ca (OH2) increased with increases curing time. The CA mortar samples fabricated needs appropriate water for lubrication. Thus, the water absorption of fine aggregate must be concerned. The emulsion asphalt added too much may reduce the strength. In field test, the CA mortar performs very well, especially in workability.

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