scholarly journals Treinta años de modernización en Juchitán: velas, fiestas y cultura zapoteca en los procesos de transformación social

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Aurélia Michel
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Social Game ◽  
The Social ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽  
Siglo Xx

En Juchitán, comunidad zapoteca del Istmo de Tehuantepec, la fiesta es una práctica cotidiana que alimenta tanto las relaciones sociales como los flujos de la economía local. Tanto su formalización como sus requisitos son objeto de construcción permanente por parte de los maestros del juego social, que definen un “estilo”. La tradición es entonces solicitada para validar prácticas que en realidad aparecen por la necesidad de los cambios materiales y sociológicos a lo largo del siglo XX. La manera en la cual el discurso sobre las fiestas es manejado por los diferentes competidores por el monopolio cultural y político, muestra que la fiesta consiste más bien en un laboratorio de integración y asimilación de lo nuevo, ilustrando así su papel fundamental: garantizar la apropiación del cambio, haciendo de la cultura juchiteca un agente de la modernidad.Abstract: In Juchitán, a Zapotec community in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, the fiesta is an everyday practice that nourishes social relations as well as the main exchanges of the local economy. Its formalization and definition are the objects of a permanent construction by the masters of the social game who thus elaborate a “style”. Tradition is then sought after in order to validate practices, which in reality are the necessary responses to the brutal changes in material and sociological context throughout the 20th century. The ways in which the different competitors for cultural and political monopoly manage the fiestas and the discourses around them show us that the fiesta consists above all in a laboratory of integration and assimilation of the new. The main function of the fiesta is clarified: to guarantee the appropriation of change and to make Juchitec culture an agent of the modernity frontier.Résumé : À Juchitán, communauté zapotèque de l’isthme de Tehuantepec, la fête est une pratique quotidienne qui nourrit les relations sociales comme les flux de l’économie locale. Sa formalisation et ses caractéristiques sont des objets de construction permanente de la part des maîtres du jeu social qui définissent ainsi un “style”. La tradition est alors sollicitée pour valider des pratiques qui en réalité sont les réponses nécessaires aux changements matériels et sociologiques tout au long du XXe siècle. La manière avec laquelle le discours sur les fêtes est investi et utilisé par les différents concurrents au monopole culturel et politique, montre que la fête consiste surtout en un laboratoire de l’intégration et de la digestion de la nouveauté. La fonction fondamentale de la fête apparaît ainsi: garantir l’appropriation du changement et faire de la culture juchitèque un passeur de la modernité.

scholarly journals El bandolerismo social revisitado. El caso del Norte del Tolima (Colombia)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 271-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Moreno Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Way

Se trata de retomar un planteamiento que había hecho el historiador inglés Eric Hobsbawm, en el sentido de reelaborar la tipología del bandolero social. Según él, para reelaborarlo era necesario contar con muchos más estudios de casos. A partir de algunos de ellos, el artículo se centra en dar cuenta del debate que ha generado el modelo del bandolerismo de Hobsbwm desde mediados del siglo XX. En primer lugar, doy cuenta, cómo sus discípulos y críticos han interpretado su modelo, principalmente el del bandolero social. Un segundo aspecto tiene que ver con algunos casos de bandolerismo mediterráneo, principalmente el catalán, el que se ha dado en el Magreb y el itálico. Por último, doy cuenta de un caso particular de bandolerismo social en el Tolima, Colombia: el del “Palomo” Aguirre.Palabras clave: historia, bandolerismo social, Colombia, Tolima.Social Banditry. The Case of Northen Tolima (Colombia)AbstractThis paper is about retaking an approach made by the English historian Eric Hobsbawm, in the sense of reworking social bandit’s typology. According to him, in order to rework it, many more case studies were needed. Based on some of them, this paper focuses on accounting for the debate generated by Hobsbwm banditry’s model since mid-20th century. First, I account for the way his disciples and critics have interpreted his model, mainly that  of  the social bandit. A second aspect deals with some cases of Mediterranean banditry, especially the Catalan, the Italic and the one that took place in Maghreb. Finally, I account for a particular case of social banditry in Tolima, Colombia: the one of “Palomo Aguirre”.Keywords: history, social banditry, Colombia, Tolima.

scholarly journals Do trabalho à memória: um ensaio sobre a identidade dos mineradores e o processo de patrimonialização da mina Brejuí em Currais Novos/RN

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Theme Park ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural World ◽  
The City

A Mina Brejuí, situada no município de Currais Novos (RN), foi responsável pelo crescimento da economia local entre os anos de 1943 de 1990, atraindo uma mão de obra de mineradores para o núcleo urbano. Após o fim da extração da scheelita, a mina foi transformada em um “Parque Temático”, em 2004. A empresa imprimiu sua marca na cidade com a construção de monumentos que fazem referencia à atividade mineira e ao seu fundador Tomaz Salustino. No script da história oficial da Mina Brejuí, a figura do “patrão” se sobrepõe à dos trabalhadores e as formas de patronagem, oriundas do mundo rural, seguiram pontuando as relações sociais na mina. Convém então coletar as memórias dos mineradores e perguntar em que medida eles fazem referencia a esta história como integrantes. Hoje, com a retomada da atividade, é possível que renasça o desejo de fortalecimento da classe operária e da identidade mineira no sertão do Seridó. Palavras-chaves: Memória. Identidade. Identidade Mineira. Patrimônio.From labour to legacy: a study on the identity of the miners and the patrimonialization of the mina Brejuí in Currais Novos/RNAbstractThe Brejuí Mine, situated in the municipality of Currais Novos (RN), was responsible for the local economy growth between the years of 1943 and 1990, causing the interest of miner's working class to its urban center. After the end of scheelita extraction, the mine became a "theme park", in 2004. The company left its mark on the city by building several monuments in reference to the mining activity and the company's founder, Tomaz Salustino. In the script of the official history of the Brejuí Mine, the "boss" figure overlaps the workers and that the forms patronage, originated from the rural world, followed punctuating the social relations in the mine. Therefore, it is important to investigate the miner’s memories and ask in what extent to which workers make reference to this history as members. Today, with the resumption of the mining activity, it is possible that the strengthening of the working class and the Seridó miner identity desire reborn.Keyword: Memory. Identity. Mining Identity. Patrimony. 

scholarly journals El Instituto Internacional de Agricultura: España y la «cuestión social», 1905-1923

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Sánchez Castillo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transnational Connections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labour Regulation

In the agrarian context of the early 20th century, networks of experts and interest groups were created. These formed institutions across state borders to achieve prestige derived from their supranational character and ostensible technical and scientific capacity. The objective of this article is to analyse the impact in Spain of the International Institute of Agriculture (IIA), from the year of its creation until the advent of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship, through the lens of the “social question”: a concept that popularized the proposals and disagreements surrounding labour regulation. The research draws from the latest contributions in transnational history and internationalism, recent secondary sources about the IIA and primary sources that reflect how transnational IIA networks worked in and with Spain to address agricultural labour issues. The article concludes that the intensely transnational connections between agrarian elites, owners and technicians in the early 20th century transformed social relations in agriculture and agrarian public policies in Spain.

scholarly journals Transformational processes and modernization of social structure in post-soviet Russia

2005 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Sava Zivanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Great Degree ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Soviet Russia

The paper presents several basic arguments which corroborate the researches of the Russian sociologist Zinaida Golenkova aabout transformational processes in postsoviet Russia, specially about the processes which led to the changes in the social structure of the Russian society. The author believes, relying also on the researches of other Russian scientists, that the transformation of the post-soviet Russian society occurs within the historical type which is called "the social engineering". Unlike the other two types of historical transformation ("modification" within a specific type of social relations and the changes created in "the bourgeois-democratic revolutions"), "the social engineering" implies a specific violation of the historical reality of a society. In author's opinion, "the social engineering" is characteristic both for the revolutionary transformation of Russia in 1917 and for its transformation in the last decade of the 20th century. Namely, the transformations realized in Russia in the last decade of the 20th century to a great degree represent "social engineering", because they are realized with the help of the instruments of political power, by the forceful reforms from the top, in order to form the social-economic structure according to the models which were historically created in significantly different social environments. In that sense, the post-soviet transformation of the Russian society could be designated as a state of social chaos. Such a state to a great degree created a specific social system, which is argu-mentatively discussed in the research studies of Z. Golenkova.

scholarly journals Informational Space and Its Subjective Basis

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Marat Buzskiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Information Space ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

The article discusses the problem of determining the information space of modern society. Considering modern interpretations of this space, the author notes the widespread approach of describing the properties of this space from the information itself contesting the relationship between the past and the present, their interaction in modern society. Trying to solve the problem we consider the constant function of the social system, i.e. the formation of its specific historical integrity in the form of the universality of the subject - a special property of the system itself expressing the achieved level of social relations of society, forming goals, defining guidelines and patterns of behavior, as well as features of consciousness and ideas of people of this society. The article deals with the peculiarities of four historical forms of universality of the subject – myth, religion, activity and information, their interaction with the social system and personality (social subjects). From this point of view the author believes that the modern information space does not reveal its real subjective potential and should be considered as a formation, since the social system itself and its subject are historically only at the beginning of its existence. The conceptual basis of the article lies in the identification of a special objective regularity – the dialectical interaction of the social system and its subject form generated by the system – a historically reproducing permanent mechanism, which, however, changes its content along with the development of society. The main function of the universality of the subject is to present or express the most common systemic quality as a kind of objective goal of society and at the same time to determine the main direction and nature of socio-spiritual and practical interactions of people in a particular historical era. Thus this subject acts as a special intermediary between specific individuals and the social system. It expresses some general quality of system structures or orders arising in different epochs objectively arising in society. Therefore, the information society and its space are not autonomous in relation to the past, but express the modern stage of this process – the formation of objective conditions of the system stability on the basis of accelerating dynamics of information processes and interactions. And the basis of these conditions, their concentrated manifestation is the universality of the subject in its information "objectification".

scholarly journals TV and School: understanding communicative ecosystem

Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Way

When television begins to be part of the communicative regime en 20th century society, it has had a long process of insertion, appropriation and use. This process acts complementary or opposite to another elements of established communicative ecosystem. This article points to show how a reduced version that have seen only an instrumental use or merely direct effects or influences between television and school have lost the way as those tensions have changed the howl communicative ecosystem. Then, more than instrumentalization or right uses of media we must board the social production of significance field generated by that tensions, and the location where it can be identified changes suffered by communicative ecosystem and transformations in hegemonic power inside epoch communicative regime. La televisión, al ingresar a ser parte del régimen comunicativo de la sociedad del siglo XX, ha tenido un largo proceso de inserción, apropiación y uso. Proceso en el que ha actuado de forma complementaria o en oposición a otros elementos del ecosistema de comunicación establecido. La ponencia apunta a mostrar como una versión que se ha reducido a ver el instrumento o una lectura de efectos e influencias directas entre televisión y escuela, ha perdido de vista la manera en que estas tensiones han cambiado el ecosistema comunicativo en su conjunto. Por tanto, mas que definir la instrumentalización o el uso correcto del medio lo que se debe abordar es el campo de producción social de significado generado en dichas tensiones y en el que se pueden reconocer las transformaciones que sufre el ecosistema comunicativo y los cambios en la hegemonía dentro del régimen de comunicación de una época. Para conseguir este fin se hace un recorrido que recupera desde la perspectiva histórica el debate entre televisión educación en el contexto colombiano e ilustra las formas y alternativas para abordar la relación a través de la tipología que caracteriza esta relación y su localización en el marco de los cambios en el ecosistema de comunicación en el régimen que se configura a lo largo de la historia.

scholarly journals Visiones, enfoques y evidencias: la Cátedra Memoria histórica del siglo XX / Views, Approaches and Evidences: the Chair Historical Memory of the 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Julio Aróstegui ◽  
Jorge Marco ◽  
Gutmaro Gómez Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Academic Controversy ◽  
Siglo Xx

Este artículo proporciona información esencial sobre la institución académica española Cátedra Memoria Histórica del siglo XX (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) (España), sus proyectos, líneas de investigación y actividades desarrolladas desde su fundación en 2004 y, particularmente, desde 2011. En los últimos años España ha sufrido un profundo cambio social, convirtiéndose la memoria de la guerra civil en materia de polémica social, política y académica. Como resultado de este cambio, las ciencias sociales han profundizado en una renovación metodológica que la Cátedra intenta reflejar con sus investigaciones, debates y actividades divulgativas.Palabras claveMemoria histórica, violencia, represión, genocidio. AbstractThis article provides essential information on the Spanish academic Chair of Historical Memory of the 20th Century (Cátedra Memoria Histórica del siglo XX) at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain), together with its projects, research and activities since the institution was founded in 2004, and especially from 2011 onwards. During the past few decades, Spain has undergone a profound social change, with the memory of the Civil War becoming a matter of social, political and academic controversy. As a result of this change, the social sciences have been through a process of deep methodological renewal, which the Chair attempts to reflect with its research, debates and outreach activities.Key wordsHistorical memory, violence, repression, genocide.

scholarly journals Pasar Tradsional Busalangga Sebagai Representasi Kebertahanan Ekonomi Lokal Masyarakat Rote Ndao, Nusa

HUMANIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Zaith Hatta Dani ◽  
A.A Ayu Murniasih ◽  
Aliffiati .
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
North West ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Market

Traditional markets are generally muddy, dirty, and physical conditions are the same, like traditional markets on Rote Ndao island, there are 24 traditional markets. The Busalangga traditional market is located in North West Rote and is open on Wednesday and Saturday. Busalangga traditional market is the center of the economy in Rote Ndao. The Busalangga traditional market is not only the center of economic activity, but also describes the social relations of the Rote Ndao community. With this the formulation of the problem in this study is (a) how is the local economy of the Rote Ndao community in the Busalangga traditional market (b) why is the Busalangga traditional market as a representation of the survival of the local economy. The theory used in this research is Serge Moscovici representation theory and network theory from Van Zanden which examines the depiction of the local economy and the network in the Busalangga traditional market. The concept used by researchers in this study is representation, survival, local economy, traditional market, and the community of Rote Ndao. This research is an ethnographic research with a qualitative approach accompanied by data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results of this study show that the traditional market of Busalangga can meet the needs of society both economically, socially and culturally. The traditional market of Busalangga is the place for the local economy to be formed from a network. The Busalangga traditional market can survive through its local economic role in forming these networks, so that they can be consumed by the Rote Ndao people. Because of that, the local economy in the Busalangga traditional market can survive and exist in the Rote Ndao community.

Halakha and Patriarchal Motherhood —An Anatomy of the New Israeli Surrogacy Law

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Shalev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Reproductive Activities ◽  
Legal Procedures

The second half of the 20th century has been a period of innovation in medical technology, with much significance for the social relations of reproduction. The invention of the contraceptive pill changed our attitudes towards the control and prevention of pregnancy, and allowed us to differentiate between female sexual and reproductive activities. The development of blood-typing and genetic tests radically altered the legal procedures for proving paternity, and deeply influenced our understanding of the uncertainty of biological fatherhood. The innovation of various methods of medical imaging gave concrete and human shape to the image of the fetus in its mother's womb. The very moment of conception was transformed, by means of in vitro fertilisation, from a mysterious event taking place in the hidden spaces of a woman's body to an overt and exposed occurrence in a laboratory petri-dish.

scholarly journals Prophets and Profits: Gendered and Generational Visions of Wealth and Value in Senegalese Murid Households1

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Anne Buggenhagen
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Male Migrant ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sufi Order

AbstractThis paper analyzes the disjuncture between the projected prosperity of male migrant traders of the Murid Sufi order and the actual ability of these traders to maintain the social relations that engender wealth. I focus on an exchange of bridewealth that ultimately resulted in a collapsed marriage to show how households are made and unmade across time and space by diasporic practices. I aim to show how two decades of neoliberal reform in Senegal have had unintended consequences for the prospects of social production. The movement of male traders into transnational trade networks to shore up a stagnant local economy and to reproduce the social and moral order has unanticipated consequences for women's authority. Women claim male earnings not only to run the household, but also to finance the family ceremonies-baptisms, marriages and funerals-and the social payments that accompany these occasions. Women also seek commodities obtained through male trade to exchange in life-cycle rituals. For women, foreign commodities, rather than undermining the production of blood ties, are the very means of making those ties a social fact. In Murid families, the rejuvenation of domestic rituals through access to male earnings abroad sets in motion the production of women-headed households and ultimately of lineages.

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