scholarly journals Rural Poverty Alleviation in India: An Assessment of Public Programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
B.S. Ghuman ◽  
Gurpinder Chima
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
High Growth ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Development Strategy

India adopted a centralized development strategy after independence. The development strategy focusing on high growth postulated that the benefits of such growth would percolate down and would mitigate problems of income inequality, unemployment and poverty. Empirical evidence of the 1950s and 1960s, however, did not lend support to this ‘trickle down’ hypothesis. As a consequence social justice (i.e. equity) was added as another principal concern to the development strategy. In the 1970’s, ‘Garibi Hatao’ (i.e. removal of poverty) was the buzzword among policy makers. With a view to solve the problems of unemployment and poverty, both the central and the state governments initiated a series of programs. The growing significance of poverty alleviation programs in planning evinced interest among scholars for poverty studies. The objective of the paper is to make an assessment of public programs for alleviating rural poverty. The paper is organized into five sections. In Section I, data and methodology used in the study have been explained. Public programs for rural poverty alleviation programs have been described in Section II. Section III deals with the extent of rural poverty across the states. In Section IV assessment of public programs for rural poverty has been made. Section V includes conclusions and policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Muga Industry—A Pride of Assam: An Estimation of Employment Generation, Kamrup District

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Bhattacharyya ◽  
Chandrama Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Sustainable Employment

For any development strategy, sustainable employment should be an important goal. Seemingly, one of the major objectives of macroeconomic policies in developing countries is to create jobs for the poor. Sericulture, with its vast potential for employment generation in rural areas can play a vital role in poverty alleviation. In the said context, and using employment-based analysis (EBA) method, the key aim of this article is to estimate the employment generation potential of the Muga industry in Assam, the findings of which may be useful for policy makers.

scholarly journals What's missing from ‘What's missing’? A reply to C. Cramer and N. Pontara, ‘Rural poverty and poverty alleviation in Mozambique: what's missing from the debate?’

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anne Pitcher
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Democratic Elections

Mozambique has undergone some dramatic changes in recent years. The government concluded a 17-year-old civil war in 1992 and held democratic elections in 1994. Following the adoption of structural adjustment policies after 1987, the government eliminated subsidies on food and consumer items, pledged its support for emerging markets, and has now sold most state companies to private investors. These changes have generated much interest among researchers and policymakers, particularly with regard to their impact on the countryside, where the majority of Mozambicans live and work. Recent studies have focused on the most appropriate rural development strategy for Mozambique now that the war has ended, or examined ways to alleviate the widespread poverty that still exists in rural areas. Other work has analysed the structure of agrarian relations or how to ensure food security. Additional research has criticised the government's on-going policy of encouraging and granting land concessions to private investors. It claims that the policy lacks transparency and fails to consider the rights of local communities.

Community participation for rural poverty alleviation: A case of the Iban community in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwok Chin Hoe ◽  
Haris Abd Wahab ◽  
Siti Hajar Abu Bakar ◽  
M Rezaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Implementation Level

This study aimed to uncover the influential factors of community participation in a rural poverty alleviation programme in Malaysia. A quantitative approach was used, and data were collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire from 260 respondents of the Iban community in Malaysia. The study considered 22 influential factors (18 as independent variables and 4 as dependent variables) to measure the level of community participation in decision-making, implementation, benefits sharing and evaluation. The study explored how these influential factors interacted with participation in a rural poverty alleviation programme. The results found a diversity of interacting factors within the forms of participation at the implementation level. The article contributes a dynamic and multi-dimensional understanding of how influential factors shape community participation processes. The findings are an important indicator to policy-makers and development practitioners.

scholarly journals Empirical Study on the Effects of Technology Training on the Forest-Related Income of Rural Poverty-Stricken Households—Based on the PSM Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7143
Author(s):  
Rong Zhao ◽  
Xiaolu Qiu ◽  
Shaozhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Technology Training ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Related Family ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Forest Tenure ◽  
Forestry Production ◽  
Production And Operation

The implementation of technology training is essential to promote the commercialization of research achievements, and plays a crucial role in poverty alleviation in China. Based on the microcosmic survey data of farmers in four poverty-stricken counties officially assisted by National Forestry and Grassland Administration, the effects of technology training on forest-related income of rural poverty-stricken households is analyzed by using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The study found that after eliminating the deviation from the self-selection and the endogenous issues, the forestry technology training has increased the total forest-related family income and forestry production and operation income by 3.09 times and 2.82 times, respectively. The effect of technology training on income increase is remarkable. Besides, the behavior of poor farmers participating in forestry technology training is significantly affected by the following factors, such as gender, age, family size, managed forestland area, whether they held forest tenure/equity certificate, whether they joined forestry professional cooperatives, and whether they cooperated with forestry enterprises. In order to further improve the effect of technology in poverty alleviation, the following policy recommendations are proposed, including: (1) to encourage poverty-stricken households to actively participate in forestry technology training; (2) to establish a diversified system of forestry technology training; and (3) to ensure the training content is based on the actual needs of the poor.

scholarly journals RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMS: A TOOL FOR ALLEVIATION OF RURAL POVERTY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
M. Shivananda ◽  
◽  
Harani B ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
Broad Policy

This paper examines the progress of Indias rural development programmes and reviews the countrys rural development programmes. Over the years, Indias rural development has undergone several changes in terms of emphasis, approaches, strategies, and programmes. As a result, it has acquired a new dimension and provided new opportunities. Indias rural economy is a vital component of the countrys overall economy. Poverty eradication remains a significant obstacle to planned economic development. Its difficult to make broad policy recommendations because different states experiences with economic growth and poverty reduction have been so varied. Rural development programmes (RDP) have significant implications for India in terms of poverty alleviation.

Local Infrastructure: Intergovernmental Grants and Urban Needs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Michael A. Pagano
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Intergovernmental Grants ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Municipal Budgeting ◽  
Policy Communities ◽  
State Infrastructure

In the 20 years since “obsolete” infrastructure was discovered as a public policy problem by the academic and policy communities (see Peterson, 1978), federal and state infrastructure programs have been proposed, debated, and, in many cases, implemented—but frequently they have not. Yet, as much as policy makers would like to learn from these programs or be informed by theories about grant designs, the literature and evaluations on these infrastructure programs do not speak with one voice; conflicting conclusions and policy recommendations abound. The purpose of this article is to sketch out some elements of an infrastructure grants research agenda that are in need of clarification, specification, and rethinking. In particular, this article examines reasons for infrastructure's relative invisibility in municipal budgeting, the design and intended effects of infrastructure grants policy by federal and state governments, and future issues surrounding infrastructure.

scholarly journals Constraints to Cultivation of Medicinal Plants by Smallholder Farmers in South Africa

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Ifeoma Nwafor ◽  
Christopher Nwafor ◽  
Idah Manduna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Feasible Solutions

Growing demand for therapeutic products from indigenous medicinal plants has led to increased interest in its cultivation, which presents a viable option for improving smallholder farmers’ livelihoods, as well as sustaining the availability of these resources for future generations. Serious bottlenecks however exist for subsistent farmers in the cultivation of these valuable plants. It was pertinent to probe whether the cultivation of medicinal plants provides feasible solutions to rural poverty, while effectively conserving threatened indigenous biodiversity. The paper employed a comprehensive review of existing literature to explore issues constraining smallholder farmers from involvement in a potentially lucrative plant value chain. Findings indicate challenges such as inadequate domestication of valuable plants species, continued over-harvesting from wild populations, poor knowledge of required agronomic practices, low efficacy perception regarding derivatives from cultivated plants, among others. These constraints occur alongside the conservation-oriented strategy driven by international conservation agencies and wholly adopted by the South African government. Recommendations to improve smallholder involvement in the cultivation of medicinal plants include support to research and extension, targeted inducement to smallholders, contracting and off-take agreements, aimed at promoting an alternative poverty-alleviation-focused economic development strategy. The review adds to the conceptual discourse related to plant diversity, resource conservation, poverty alleviation, and economic development

scholarly journals Pakistan’s Agricultural Development since Independence: Intertemporal Trends and Explanations

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4II) ◽  
pp. 593-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghaffar Chaudhry ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Growth Strategy

The main objective of this paper has been to review Pakistan’s historical experience in agricultural development in terms of growth, income distribution, and rural poverty. While the long-term growth rates between 1949-50 and 1994-95 were satisfactory, the variations around the average have been rather too large over the various decades. Beginning with a stagnating sector of the 1950s, agriculture witnessed record growth rates during the Sixties. This was followed by the lowest growth rates of the early Seventies, and acceleration in the second half of the Seventies. The experience since 1979-80 has been mixed, but the growth rates have been rather low through the Eighties and the Nineties. The trends in income distribution and poverty varied directly in relation to the agricultural growth rates, especially when they were in excess of the threshold level of 4.5–5.0 percent per annum. In general, a growth rate of 5.0 percent or higher has induced positive changes in income distribution and poverty. In view of this positive association, the pursuit of a high growth policy in agriculture should guide Pakistan’s future development strategy. The efficiency of resource use, a greater dependence on modern technologies, and a minimisation of government intervention in the market mechanism are the essential pillars of the high growth strategy.

A Donor Influenced by Local Dynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setsuko Matsuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Local Dynamics ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
National Model ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Development Discourses

This article explores the relations between a foreign aid donor and local actors in the context of the dissemination of development discourses and practices in an authoritarian context. It addresses the question “To what extent may the local dynamics alter the original goals of a donor and lead to unintended consequences?” Based on archival research, interviews, and secondary literature, this case study examines the Yunnan Uplands Management Project (YUM) in 1990–95, the Ford Foundation's first grant program on rural poverty alleviation in China. While the Foundation did not attain its main goal of making YUM a national model for poverty alleviation, the local actors were able to use YUM to develop individual capacities and to build roles for themselves as development actors in the form of associations and nongovernmental organizations, resulting in further support from the Foundation. The study contributes to our understanding of donor-local actor dynamics by highlighting the gaps between the original goals of a donor and the perspectives and motivations of local actors. The study suggests that local dynamics may influence the goals of donors and the ways they seek to disseminate development discourses and practices to local actors, despite the common conception of donors as hegemonic or culturally imperialistic.

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