scholarly journals The problem of using composite biodegradable implants for the treatment of bone fractures (literature review)

TRAUMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
O.D. Pavlov ◽  
V.V. Pastukh ◽  
M.Yu. Karpinsky
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suture Materials

Diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system rank second among the causes of injuries and third among the diseases that lead to disability of the adult population. Orthopedic implants have a special place in both clinical practice and the biomedical industry. The implants capable of biodegrading in the case of their implantation into the human body are of the greatest interest. The concept of biodegra-dable implants appeared through the formation and development of the use of suture materials that are absorbed in the body. Subsequently, this type of material began to be used in the treatment of fractures, because in many cases, bone fragments need only temporary support with a fixator, until they fuse. Implantable internal fixation devices for fracture repair using polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), and a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolide (PLGA) became popular. However, the mechanical properties of highly porous skeletons were relatively weak compared to those required for bone engineering. In the process of creating an optimal polymeric biodegradable material, it is necessary to overcome the contradiction between strength and biodegradation. PGA, providing high strength of fixation, degrade too quickly, and PLGA, having high crystallinity, slightly degrade, at the same time conceding on the durability of both PGA and biostable materials. Scientists are now working hard to develop composites from calcium phosphate and polymer, in particular hydroxyapatite and tricalсium phosphate (TCP). TCP with three polymorphic modifications, in particular α-TCP, β-TCP, and α'-TCP, is a well-known bioceramic substance for bone repair. β-TKP is attracting increasing attention due to its excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and biodegradability. The composite materials based on bioactive ceramics mainly refer to materials with additional advantages, such as biodegradable polymers and ceramics. At the same time, these composites are biocompatible, osteoconductive, mechanical strength and have osteogenic characteristics. At the same time, thanks to new manufacturing technologies that have emerged in recent years, these compo-site materials are the most promising in the field of bone defect repair. The treatment of fractures with implants is increasingly associated with composite materials. Biomaterials must have certain mechanical properties: biocompatibility, biodegradation, controlled rate biodegradation, good mechanical strength, and bioactivity. Biomaterials used in the treatment of bone fractures have to disintegrate over time, and the addition of nanofillers can slow down the rate of decay of the biodegradable composite.

scholarly journals Mechanical Analysis and Corrosion Analysis of Zinc Alloys for Bioabsorbable Implants for Osteosynthesis

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Salome Hagelstein ◽  
Sergej Zankovic ◽  
Adalbert Kovacs ◽  
Roland Barkhoff ◽  
Michael Seidenstuecker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Pure Zinc ◽  
Zinc Alloys ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Bioabsorbable Implants ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Target Values

Zinc alloys have recently been researched intensely for their great properties as bioabsorbable implants for osteosynthesis. Pure zinc (Zn) itself has relatively poor strength, which makes it insufficient for most clinical use. Research has already proven that the mechanical strength of zinc can be enhanced significantly by alloying it with silver. This study evaluated zinc silver alloys (ZnAg) as well as novel zinc silver titanium alloys (ZnAgTi) regarding their mechanical properties for the use as bioabsorbable implants. Compared to pure zinc the mechanical strength was enhanced significantly for all tested zinc alloys. The elastic properties were only enhanced significantly for the zinc silver alloys ZnAg6 and ZnAg9. Regarding target values for orthopedic implants proposed in literature, the best mechanical properties were measured for the ZnAg3Ti1 alloy with an ultimate tensile strength of 262 MPa and an elongation at fracture of 16%. Besides the mechanical properties, the corrosion rates are important for bioabsorbable implants. This study tested the corrosion rates of zinc alloys in PBS solution (phosphate buffered solution) with electrochemical corrosion measurement. Zinc and its alloys showed favorable corrosion rates, especially in comparison to magnesium, which has a much lower degradation rate and no buildup of hydrogen gas pockets during the process. Altogether, this makes zinc alloys highly favorable for use as material for bioabsorbable implants for osteosynthesis.

Enhanced Cytocompatibility Properties of Hydroxyapatite Doped with Trivalent Ions

2001 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Massa ◽  
Elliott B. Slamovich ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ionic Radius ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Osteoblast Adhesion

ABSTRACTHydroxyapatite (HA) is a bone-like ceramic used as a coating for dental and orthopedic implants. It is well known for its good cytocompatibility properties, but is limited in use due to its high solubility within the body and mechanical properties that differ from surrounding tissue and bone. The present in vitro study investigated a variety of dopants as a way to further enhance the good cytocompatibility properties of HA as well as address these problematic properties. The dopants investigated were divalent (magnesium and zinc) and trivalent (yttrium, lanthanum, indium, and bismuth) ions. Of the trivalent ions, yttrium and indium have smaller ionic radii than calcium. The present study showed osteoblast adhesion to be statistically greater (p < 0.1) on yttrium-doped HA and indium-doped HA than on undoped HA. Since yttrium and indium are both trivalent ions of a smaller ionic radius than calcium, and other ions of different size and charge did not show significant changes in osteoblast adhesion, these results suggest that substituting divalent calcium with a trivalent ion of smaller size encourages osteoblast adhesion.

Effect of Intramedullary Nailing Patterns On Interfragmentary Strain in a Mouse Femur Fracture: a Parametric Finite Element Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Lowen ◽  
Katherine Garrett ◽  
Moore-Lotridge Stephanie ◽  
Sasidhar Uppuganti ◽  
Scott A. Guelcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Element Analysis

Abstract Delayed long bone fracture healing and nonunion continue to be a significant socioeconomic burden. While mechanical stimulation is known to be an important determinant of the bone repair process, understanding how the magnitude, mode, and commencement of interfragmentary strain (IFS) affect fracture healing can guide new therapeutic strategies to prevent delayed healing or non-union. Mouse models provide a means to investigate the molecular and cellular aspects of fracture repair, yet there is only one commercially available, clinically-relevant, locking intramedullary nail (IMN) currently available for studying long bone fractures in rodents. Having access to alternative IMNs would allow a variety of mechanical environments at the fracture site to be evaluated, and the purpose of this proof-of-concept finite element analysis study is to identify which IMN design parameters have the largest impact on IFS in a murine transverse femoral osteotomy model. Using the dimensions of the clinically relevant IMN as a guide, the nail material, distance between interlocking screws, and clearance between the nail and endosteal surface were varied between simulations. Of these parameters, changing the nail material from stainless steel (SS) to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) had the largest impact on IFS. Reducing the distance between the proximal and distal interlocking screws substantially affected IFS only when nail modulus was low. Therefore, IMNs with low modulus (e.g., PEEK) can be used alongside commercially available SS nails to investigate the effect of initial IFS or stability on fracture healing with respect to different biological conditions of repair in rodents.

Processing and Mechanical Properties of Starch and PCL Composite Reinforced by Nano-SiO2

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Yong Liu ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Long Ouyang ◽  
Yue Jun Liu ◽  
Xi Hai Hao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Rheological Measurements

The thermoplastic processing and mechanical properties of starch and polycaprolactone (PCL) composites reinforced by nano-silica (nano-SiO2) were studied. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the starch/PCL blends improved significantly with the increase of PCL. After the addition of nano-SiO2, the mechanical properties of the starch/PCL blends further improved. When the weight percent of nano-SiO2 was 1.8%, the mechanical properties of the SiO2/TPS/PCL composite were most excellent. By comparison with the starch/PCL (50/50) blends, the tensile strength of the SiO2/TPS/PCL composite with 1.8% SiO2 was increased by 20% and the elongation increased by 33%. Moreover, it was confirmed by rheological measurements that nano-SiO2 could interact with the composite materials, which results in the improvement of the mechanical strength of the TPS/PCL composites.

Metallurgical Characterization of some Magnesium Alloys for Medical Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulian Antoniac ◽  
Marian Miculescu ◽  
Mihaela Dinu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Biodegradable Implants ◽  
Metallurgical Characterization

The magnesium alloys has been intensively studied for their suitable mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility and their ability to biodegrade in biological environments. Although magnesium biodegradable implants possess many desirable properties, it is important that the alloy is able to be tolerated by the body- the constitutional elements of magnesium-based alloys should be toxic free. In this study two binary magnesium alloys Mg-Ca0,8 and Mg-Ca1,8 were experimentally obtained by casting and was characterized in order to investigate the microstructure, mechanical properties and how alloying elements influenced the characteristics of this new alloys potentially used for orthopedic implants.

scholarly journals Optimized Synthesis of Biodegradable Elastomer PEGylated Poly(glycerol sebacate) and Their Biomedical Application

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxiang Wang ◽  
Haiwa Wu ◽  
Zihao Wang ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Vascular Reconstruction ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Thermal Curing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Degradation Behaviors

Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), a biodegradable elastomer, has been extensively explored in biomedical applications for its favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Efforts have been made to fabricate multifunctional PGS copolymer in recent years, in particular PGS-co-PEG (poly(glycerol sebacate)-co-polyethylene glycol) polymers. However, rare research has been systematically conducted on the effect of reactant ratios on physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of PGS copolymer till now. In this study, a serial of PEGylated PGS (PEGS) with PEG content from 20% to 40% and carboxyl to hydroxyl from 0.67 to 2 were synthesized by thermal curing process. The effects of various PEGS on the mechanical strength and biological activity were further compared and optimized. The results showed that the PEGS elastomers around 20PEGS-1.0C/H and 40PEGS-1.5C/H exhibited the desirable hydrophilicity, degradation behaviors, mechanical properties and cell viability. Subsequently, the potential applications of the 20PEGS-1.0C/H and 40PEGS-1.5C/H in bone repair scaffold and vascular reconstruction were investigated and the results showed that 20PEGS-1.0C/H and 40PEGS-1.5C/H could significantly improve the mechanical strength for the calcium phosphate scaffolds and exhibited preferable molding capability for fabrication of the vascular substitute. These results confirmed that the optimized PEGS elastomers should be promising multifunctional substrates in biomedical applications.

In Vitro Bioactivity and Physical-Mechanical Properties of HA Based 45S5 Bio-Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 702 ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Prasad ◽  
Vikas Kr Vyas ◽  
Md Ershad ◽  
Ram Pyare
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Sbf Solution

Bio-glass® and hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6(OH) 2, HA) has been widely used as a bone replacement material in restorative dental and orthopedic implants. In order to analyze in vitro bioactivity bio-composite before and after exposed to simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time periods were investigated by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectrometer with measuring the pH and concentration of silicon, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and manganese ions in SBF solution. The prepared bio-composites were assessed by XRD, FTIR, mechanical properties. FTIR confirmed the presence of a rich bone like apatite layer post-immersion on the composite surface. It has been found that the new BG/HA bio-composite materials have high bioactivity properties. These bio-composite materials are promising for medical applications such as bone substitutes.

scholarly journals Mechanical and physical characterization of hydroxyapatite/alumina biocomposites produced by the powder metallurgy route for biomedical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Ribeiro Masseli ◽  
Bruna Horta Bastos Kuffner ◽  
Lucas Victor Benjamim Vasconcelos ◽  
Gilbert Silva ◽  
Daniela Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Precursor Powders ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Route

ABSTRACT The hydroxyapatite calcium phosphate based ceramic (Hap) is widely used for bone repair, as it is a biocompatible biomaterial and because it has osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. However, the low mechanical strength of Hap may limit its applicability. Thus, the present work aims to improve the mechanical properties of Hap, associating it with alumina (Al2O3), using the powder metallurgy technique, which consists in the milling of the precursor powders in a planetary ball mill, uniaxial pressing and sintering. The microstructure and mechanical strength of the sintered samples were evaluated using density, microhardness, compressive strength and wettability tests. It was concluded that the use of Al2O3 in the composite improves the mechanical properties of Hap, while decreases its hydrophilic potential. Thus, the composition with 40% Hap / 60% Al2O3 was considered the best for biomedical applications.

Mechanical Properties of a Composite of Gypsum Reinforced with Caroá Fiber and PVAc

2019 ◽  
Vol 958 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Edpo Ferreira Santos ◽  
Aoliabe Pedro da Silva ◽  
Nelson Cárdenas Olivier ◽  
Alessandra Félix da Costa Pereira ◽  
Alan Christie da Silva Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Fiber Size

The Development of new materials for building industry is a necessary issue to promote sustainability. Gypsum is an important low cost material very abundant in the northeast region of Brazil. Its physical properties make it an interesting material to form composite materials. This work presents a study of gypsum reinforced with Caroá (neoglasiovia variegate) natural fibers, where different amounts of fibers (1, 2, and 3%) were added into gypsum matrix. Three different fiber sizes (5, 10, and 20mm) were used to evaluate the effect of fiber size on the properties. PVAc was added in order to enhance the interactions between matrix and fibers. Mechanical strength was characterized by compression and bending tests. The addition of 1% mass Caroá fibers leads to a slightly increase on the mechanical strength independently of fiber size.

Fabrication of Porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate with Collagen Composite Materials

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Yuki Igarashi ◽  
Junichi Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Defect Region ◽  
The One

Biomaterials have been developed and used for bone grafting. Here, we study a fabrication of composite for bone tissue engineering by combining tricalcium phosphate and collagen. This tricalcium phosphate and collagen composite material may be applicable for use as a bone substitute. The β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is the one of the most investigated biomaterials due to its biocompatibility and good bioactivity. The β-TCP is used in a filling purpose to the bone defect region such as bone fractures. It is known that β-TCP substitutes it for a self bone in the body. The ingredient of the real bone is made of hydroxyapatite and collagen. In this study, the purpose was at giving the mechanical property and biological property which were near to a bone with β-TCP and collagen this time. We evaluate what kind of action collagen addition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document