Road traffic injury associated with alcohol intoxication (clinical and epidemiological analysis based on traffic participation)

Background. The article is devoted to the problem of traffic accidents that occurred against the background of alcohol intoxication. With the development of technology and science over the past decade, the number of victims with severe multisystem damage has increased worldwide. The most common causes of injuries are traffic accidents. According to the WHO, road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of death among people of working age. The UN Decade of Road Safety (2011–2020) has indicated that road safety is the most painful and difficult issue to address. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of alcohol intoxication on the circumstances of injuries based on the participation in traffic in victims with multisystem injuries due to traffic accidents. Materials and methods. A scientific retrospective analysis of 312 cases of multisystem injuries in road accident victims who were treated in the Polytrauma Department of the Kyiv City Clinical Ambulance Hospital in 2018–2019 years. Results. The injuries due to road accidents occur in 46 % of people who are intoxicated. There is a probable dependence of road accident victims on the signs of alcohol intoxication and participation in the traffic. In a state of alcohol intoxication, drivers are injured in 46.43 % of cases, pedestrians in 52.53 %, passengers in 31.43 %. The comparative analysis of the risk of death in victims of accidents with and without alcohol intoxication and based on the participation in traffic proved that the risk of death of drivers while intoxicated is more than 2-fold higher than in drivers without alcohol intoxication and is 0.49. Conclusions. Pedestrians have the greatest clinically effective risks of fatalities in the traumatic process, regardless of the presence or absence of alcohol intoxication, such a risk is critical or catastrophic. Alcohol intoxication increases the risk of a fatal traumatic process in active road users (drivers and pedestrians) and does not impact this result in passive road users (passengers)

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Risks of road accidents in Irkutsk region

XXI century Technosphere Safety ◽

10.21285/2500-1582-2020-4-411-420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 411-420

Author(s):

Svetlana S. Timofeeva ◽

◽

Semen S. Timofeev ◽

Aleksey А. Taskaev ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Accident Rate ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Road Users ◽

Irkutsk Region

The article deals with the issue of road safety. The aim is to analyze the accident rate on the roads of rkutsk region and assess the risk of road traffic accidents (RTA). The research is based on statistical data. A comparative analysis of the risks of road accidents and the risks of death of road users is carried out. The risk of death in accidents is higher in Slyudyanka district than in Irkutsk region, which is due to the complex route and mountainous areas. The damage caused by road traffic accidents is increasing every year.

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Predictive analysis of the impact of the time of day on road accidents in Poland

Open Engineering ◽

10.1515/eng-2021-0017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 142-150

Author(s):

Anna Borucka ◽

Edward Kozłowski ◽

Piotr Oleszczuk ◽

Andrzej Świderski

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Road Users ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe steady increase in the number of road users and their growing mobility mean that the issue of road safety is still a topical one. Analyses of factors influencing the number of road traffic accidents contribute to the improvement of road safety. Because changes in traffic volume follow a daily rhythm, hour of the day is an important factor affecting the number of crashes. The present article identifies selected mathematical models which can be used to describe the number of road traffic accidents as a function of the time of their occurrence during the day. The study of the seasonality of the number of accidents in particular hours was assessed. The distributions of the number of accidents in each hour were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Multidimensional scaling was used to present the found similarities and differences. Similar hours were grouped into clusters, which were used in further analysis to construct the ARMAXmodel and the Holt-Winters model. Finally, the predictive capabilities of each model were assessed.

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LINEAR ANALYSIS AS THE BEST METHOD OF DETECTION DANGEROUS ROAD SECTIONS

Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny ◽

10.33868/0365-8392-2019-2-258-50-56 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 50-56

Author(s):

Liydmila Nagrebelna

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Road Safety ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Linear Analysis ◽

Road Accident ◽

Accident Analysis ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

The Impact

The main factors affecting road safety are outlined. The main methods of road accident analysis are presented, which will allow accurate determination of areas of high danger. By distributing road traffic accidents along the length of the road, it is possible to identify such areas and areas where road conditions have a dominant influence on the emergence of accidents, which is important in planning measures to improve traffic safety. It is proved that the effectiveness of the result depends on the precisely defined areas where first of all it is necessary to implement measures to improve road safety. It is completely impossible to predict the occurrence of traffic accidents because many different factors influence them. These factors relate both to traffic conditions on the motorway and to the impact of the traffic flow itself, a separate vehicle, a human factor, weather conditions etc. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive approach in solving a complex problem is increasing road safety. The purpose of this article is to: reduce the number of accidents and their victims on the highways of Ukraine by means of the priority implementation of measures to improve road conditions and improve the organization of traffic on highway sections of high danger identified by the results of linear analysis of accidents. Linear accident analysis provides an opportunity not only to effectively and reasonably plan events, but also to evaluate the outcome of their implementation. Reducing the number of traffic accidents and their victims in highway sections of high danger identified by the results of linear accident analysis is the best method for creating safe traffic conditions. Purposeful financing of measures aimed primarily at eliminating the most dangerous in terms of accident rate of road sections and the main risk factors of an accident will allow to reduce the number of accidents and the severity of their consequences. Keywords: road safety, linear analysis, methods of analysis.

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The impact of traffic law enforcement on road accident fatalities in Botswana

Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management ◽

10.4102/jtscm.v5i1.77 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thuso Mphela

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Road Accident ◽

Driver Behaviour ◽

Traffic Law ◽

Traffic Law Enforcement ◽

To Come ◽

The Impact

Botswana has one of the highest rates of increase in road traffic accidents and fatalities in the world. The amendment of road laws came with stricter penalties for road offences which included higher fines and longer jail terms. This study uses multiple regression analysis subjecting variables to backward stepwise regression with a view to assessing the impact traffic law enforcement has had on fatalities in Botswana after the review of the Traffic Act of Botswana in 2008. The study uses secondary data and interview data obtained from law enforcers. The findings reveal that the enforcement of the new road laws has achieved little in the reduction of fatalities. Increasing the minimum driver licensing age may be a panacea to road accidents. Licensed drivers in the age group 30 to 45 years have the lowest rate of fatalities. The study questions the ability of punitive policies (i.e. road fines) to reduce fatalities. It offers that driver behaviour should be studied to come up with relevant policies.

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ROAD SAFETY CAMPAIGNS TO REDUCE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS FOR YOUNG ROAD USERS

ICCD ◽

10.33068/iccd.vol2.iss1.278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 601-606

Author(s):

Widodo Budi Dermawan ◽

Dewi Nusraningrum

Keyword(s):

School Environment ◽

Road Safety ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

School Administrators ◽

Road User ◽

The Road ◽

Road Users ◽

Accident Data

Every year we lose many young road users in road traffic accidents. Based on traffic accident data issued by the Indonesian National Police in 2017, the number of casualties was highest in the age group 15-19, with 3,496 minor injuries, 400 seriously injured and 535 deaths. This condition is very alarming considering that student as the nation's next generation lose their future due to the accidents. This figure does not include other traffic violations, not having a driver license, not wearing a helmet, driving opposite the direction, those given ticket and verbal reprimand. To reduce traffic accident for young road user, road safety campaigns were organized in many schools in Jakarta. This activity aims to socialize the road safety program to increase road safety awareness among young road users/students including the dissemination of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. Another purpose of this program is to accompany school administrators to set up a School Safe Zone (ZoSS), a location on particular roads in the school environment that are time-based speed zone to set the speed of the vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to promote the road safety campaigns strategies by considering various campaign tools.

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TRAFFIC-RELATED MORTALITY IN MOLDOVA

Economy and sociology ◽

10.36004/nier.es.2020.2-12 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 140-147

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Road Accident ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Related Mortality

This article analyses the mortality caused by road accidents in Moldova depending on the degree of involvement of pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, drivers and passengers of transport units, depending on age and sex. Results suggest that traffic-related mortality in Moldova has shown an increased incidence among the young and working-age population, where a significant difference between males and females is observed. Among the youth, traffic-related deaths register between 10-27% of the overall mortality in both sexes. The risk exposure of dying in a traffic accident decreases with age and is less significant in the retired ages. During the years 1998-2015, avoidance of trafficrelated deaths would have assured an increase in life expectancy between 0.40-0.56 years in males, and 0.09-0.23 years in females. The continuous increase in the number of transport units on public roads, as well as in the number of hours spent in traffic, influences the degree of exposure to the risk of death or injury as a result of road traffic accidents. Trauma resulting from road accidents increases the incidence of premature mortality and disability among the population, which is reflected by the decrease of healthy life expectancy. It is ascertained that the road accident mortality requires a detailed and comprehensive analysis given the multitude of factors influencing deaths and injuries related to a traffic accident among the population. Thus, in order to improve road safety and reduce mortality incidence among traffic participants, a range of actions has to be implemented by the liable actors, including through the international experience.

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Pedestrian Mortality Trends In Children Over Four Decades In Transitional Lithuania

Sveikatos mokslai ◽

10.5200/sm-hs.2016.065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Birutė Strukčinskienė ◽

Robert Bauer ◽

Sigitas Griškonis ◽

Vaiva Strukčinskaitė

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Young People ◽

Road Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Road Users ◽

The Impact

The aim of the study was to examine the long-term trends in pedestrian mortality for children (aged 0 to 14 years) and young people (aged 15 to 19 years) over four decades in transitional Lithuania. Methods. Road traffic fatality data were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and the Archives of Health Information Centre. Trends were analysed by linear regression using “Independence” as a slopechanging intervention in 1991 and population as a further explanatory factor in structural time series models. Results. The impact of the interventions, along with the reforms and changes related with the Independence, on pedestrian fatality trends in our time series model was found highly statistically significant for children 0 to 14 years (p<0.001) and still significant for young people 15 to 19 years (p<0.05). No significant impact on the trend of road traffic deaths was found for the “control-groups” of non-pedestrian road users in the age group 0 to 14 years and adult pedestrians (over 19 years of age). For the age group 15 to 19 years the effect of reforms was also significant for non-pedestrians (p<0.05). These results indicate that the effect of measures and changes used in the post-independence period was more specific in children that participated in road traffic as pedestrians than in adult pedestrians, or in nonpedestrian road users. Conclusions. Pedestrian deaths in Lithuania fell significantly in the age groups 0-14 and 15-19 years. A declining trend was found in road traffic fatalities and in pedestrian deaths in transitional Lithuania in the post-independence period. Socioeconomic and political transformations, systematic reforms in healthcare along with sustainable preventive measures may have contributed to this decrease. Targeted road safety measures were road traffic regulations, pedestrian education and environmentally based prevention measures. As child pedestrians are the most vulnerable group of road users, continued road safety education and promotion are recommended in order to maintain this trend, and to involve adult pedestrians in this development.

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Forensic and pharmaceutical research on the impact of drugs on the safety, life and health of road users within the organization of pharmaceutical business, drug technology, pharmaceutical and medical law in Ukraine

Health of Society ◽

10.22141/2306-2436.10.4.2021.246355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 127-132

Author(s):

V.V. Shapovalov (Jr.) ◽

V.A. Shapovalova ◽

V.V. Shapovalov

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Pharmaceutical Research ◽

Psychoactive Drugs ◽

Medical Law ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Users ◽

Drug Technology ◽

The Impact

Background. Around the world, drug-related road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of injury and death among road users. Traffic safety is a system that includes the following components: a person – a person's health condition – the use of dangerous drugs of different classification and legal groups – adverse drug reactions – a vehicle – a road. The share of road traffic accidents under the influence of drugs is more than 75 %, they are also the most socially dangerous, because they have grave consequences, cause irreparable harm to the health and death of the victims. The purpose of the study was to analyze the achievements of forensic and pharmaceutical researches in Ukraine on the impact of drugs on the safety, life and health of road users within the framework of the organization of pharmaceutical business, drug technology, pharmaceutical and medical law in a retrospective aspect. Materials and methods. The materials of the imperative research were legislative, regulatory and legal documents; materials of the formation of the scientific school of forensic pharmacy; scientific publications on the topic of the article; Internet resources, sources of scientific literature. To achieve the set goals, the methods of forensic and pharmaceutical, regulatory, documentary, bibliographic, comparative, historical and graphic analysis were used. Results. The experience of the countries of the world in the prophylaxis and prevention of road traffic accidents under the influence of drugs was analyzed. The causes and conditions for the occurrence and consequences of road traffic accidents are multifactorial in nature and are associated with the victims (driver - pedestrian), vehicle, road conditions, and the use of psychoactive drugs. A system of organizational, regulatory and preventive measures has been developed to provide first medical aid to victims of a road traffic accident. Shown that there is a need for scientifically grounded organizational and legal, clinical and pharmacological, forensic pharmaceutical and socio-economic studies on causal relationships between adverse reactions due to the use of drugs of various classification and legal groups, traffic safety and road traffic accidents. For the first time in Ukraine, a mathematical model was proposed to establish the effect of psychoactive drugs on the driver's condition when driving a vehicle, depending on the calculation of the stopping path of the car in accordance with the selected speed and a decrease in the driver's response. The structure of road traffic accidents under the influence of psychoactive drugs has been investigated. Conclusions. A classification of first-aid kits for providing first medical aid to victims of road traffic accidents was proposed, which made it possible to substantiate the need to improve them both in qualitative and quantitative composition, depending on the type of vehicle and the likelihood of an accident with serious consequences. Recommendations were proposed for providing information on the possibility of obtaining medical care and the signal-calling system on the roads, marking the packages of psychoactive drugs with a special mark in the form of a red triangle. The need for further forensic pharmaceutical research has been proven.

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Road traffic injury among pedestrians: an emerging research focus in Bangladesh

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v9i1.36598 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mushtaq Ahmad ◽

Farial Naima Rahman ◽

Md Zubaidur Rahman ◽

Prodip Biswas

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Road Traffic Injury ◽

Road Accident ◽

Primary Data ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Limb Bones ◽

The Road

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are responsible for greatest number of injuries and fatalities world wide by killing around 1.2 million people each year and injuring 50 million. Pedestrians are the most common victims of RTAs.Objectives: This study has been done to find out the epidemiological factors, socio demographic characteristics and the clinical injury pattern among pedestrians injured by Road Traffic Accidents in Dhaka City.Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study done from December 2015 to September 2016 at three tertiary level referral hospital in Dhaka. One hundred fifty two (pedestrians) were selected purposively as research sample with 95% confidence level and 5% confidence interval. The primary data was collected from the patients who were discharged from hospital by face to face exit interview using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Among 152 pedestrian victims interviewed; 88(58%) were male. Maximum accidents occurred at daytime 63 (41.45 %), and on city main roads 68 (44 %). Highest number of accidents were caused by buses 44 (36.09 %) and highest incidence of RTA 60(39.47%) was observed among the age group 21 to 30 yrs. Most of the victims 129( 84.85%) were knocked down by the vehicles while crossing the roads (hit and run injury), 114(75.00%) were from earning group below 15,000 taka per month, 121(79.61%) never use foot over bridge, 78(51.32)% were using mobile phone while crossing the road. 152(100%) victims had multiple abrasion and bruise, 94(61.84%) had lacerations, 64(42.10%) had fracture of upper limb bones, 53(34.87%) had fracture of lower limb bones and 53(34.87%) had haematoma in soft tissue over skull.Conclusion: Road accident and its severity can be prevented by strict application of traffic rules , motivation of public and proper training of drivers.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 11-15

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Measures on the Impact-Spread of Road Accidents

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.1081 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 490-495 ◽

pp. 1081-1084

Author(s):

Han Xin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Accident Prevention ◽

Safety System ◽

The Public ◽

Emergency Rescue ◽

The Impact

Road safety system has been a concern topic for many scholars worldwide. Although there are many analysis papers on road traffic accident prevention, security, emergency rescue, safety evaluation and other aspects, there is no a thorough and complete opinion on road safety system. The study of these issues can cause a traffic accident prevention, to reduce the incidence of traffic accidents, summing up the spread of some of the impact of traffic on the control of the effective ways to combat the public security organs to reduce the incidence of traffic accidents guidance.

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