scholarly journals A Study on Synthesis and Testing of Polyols Using Soybean Oil and Castor Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Shahzad Maqsood Khan ◽  
Nafisa Gull ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen Akram ◽  
Hakim Ali Haider ◽  
Muhammad Yasir Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Primary Alcohol ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Esterification Reactions ◽  
Hydroxyl Functional Group

The feasibility of methods of trans-esterification reactions for the preparation of polyols from unsaturated soybean oil and castor oil have shown in this study. The polyol products formed from soybean oil has primary alcohol functional group. For castor oil polyol, hydroxyl group of any chain of triglyceride is replaced by chlorine. Thus the polyol formed has two hydroxyl (-OH) groups. Polyol is identified from hydroxyl functional group using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and characterized by acid value. It is seen that the synthesized polyols are useful in the treatment of processes, using polyols for the production of polyurethanes, and also manipulated to synthesize polyurethane with required properties.

Conformational changes in hydroxyl functional group upon hydration: the case study of Endo Fenchol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias M Neeman ◽  
Thérèse Huet
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Supersonic Jet ◽  
Microwave Spectrometer ◽  
Supersonic Jet Expansion ◽  
Hydroxyl Functional Group

The hydration of endo-fenchol has been studied in the gas phase using a combination of Fourier transform microwave spectrometer coupled to a supersonic jet expansion and theoretical calculations in the...

High-Efficiency Modified Alkyd Resin Application Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 2077-2081
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Liu ◽  
Jian Wen Tian ◽  
Wen Long Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Application Research ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Paint Industry ◽  
New Generation

Alkyd resin dispersions are used in the paint industry as the basis for the new generation of environmentally friendly gloss paints. This research based on two-component seed oil soybean oil and castor oil to synthesis high-efficiency modified alkyd resin. The experimental conditions are the mass ratio of soybean oil with castor oil is 2:1, 55% degree of oil, Ni(OH)2 as the catalyst and 210°C~220°C for alcohol solution reaction, 220°C for esterification under the protection of nitrogen. The experimental results show that the product non-drying days are more than 30 days, acid value is 6.6, the migration is 1.2%, adhesion is one level, flexibility is 0.5, chroma value is 8.

scholarly journals Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhis Soleh Ismail ◽  
YOSE RIZAL ◽  
ARMENIA ARMENIA ◽  
ANWAR KASIM
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Available Information

Abstract. Ismail AS, Rizal Y, Kasim A. 2021. Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1474-1480. Gambier liquid by-product (GLB) is a by-product of gambier production, alleged to contain similar flavonoid compounds. Currently, there is no available information on the active components of GLB. This study, therefore, aims to identify the active compounds in GLB using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and screen for active compounds using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupled the mass spectrometry time of flight (LC-MS/MS QTOF) positive (ESI+) and negative (ESI-) ionization modes. The results of the functional-group identification spectra showed 5 peaks, and the GLB was characterized by a hydroxyl group (OH) at 3423.22 cm-1 wavelength, indicating a phenolic compound. Meanwhile, CO2 was identified at 2360.92 and 2344.84, C=O at 1654.43 and C-H stretching at 1400.26 cm-1 wavelength. LC-MS/MS screening in ESI+ mode identified that the GLB contained 22 active compounds, while the ESI- mode confirmed that the GLB had 14 active compounds. Based on these two ionization modes, nine compounds, quercetin 3-glucoside, gallocatechin-4beta-OI, (-)-epi-afzelechin, quercetin-3-O-(2G-α-Lrhamnosyl)-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, epigallocatechin 3-O-P-coumarate, quercetin 3-O-(6''-acetyl-galactoside) 7-O-rhamnoside and quercetin 3-(4''-acetylrhamnoside) 7-rhamnoside were discovered. Therefore, GLB was discovered to contain 27 active compounds that all of these compounds are flavonoid group, and some of these substances are also present in the gambier product.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Capped-Benzoic Acid Derivative Compounds (o-, m-, and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Agustina Sus Andreani ◽  
Eko Sri Kunarti ◽  
Sri Juari Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivative ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydroxyl Functional Group

The effect of a hydroxyl functional group of the benzoic acid derivative compound, i.e. o-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid on the synthesis of AuNPs has been studied. It was revealed that the pH, heating time, the concentration of capping agent and the concentration of Au3+ affected the formation of AuNPs. We discovered that o-hydroxybenzoic acid possessed the highest stability, yet it needed the highest concentration of Au3+ and faster reaction time than p-hydroxybenzoic acid and slower than m-hydroxybenzoic acid. The stability was verified by means of UV-Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, TEM, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Zeta Potential with an aging time of more than 5 months. We concluded that o-hydroxybenzoic acid acquired the most effective redox reaction instead of m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, resulted in the smaller sized and unaggregated AuNPs. We also confirmed that the hydroxyl group of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid is the functional group responsible for the reduction of Au3+ to Au0.

Effect of Different Storage Conditions on Soybean Oil Acid Value

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1235-1238
Author(s):  
Mei Mei Hao ◽  
Xi Hong Li ◽  
Hai Dong Liu ◽  
Wei Qiao Yang ◽  
Chong Xiao Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions

Under the condition of nine kinds of storage, In this thesis, through the determination of acid value of soybean oil, to search for the best storage condition, used to prevent the soybean oil acid value rise, through the analysis of the acid value data, We find the best storage condition, is 0°C, 6% moisture content, and PVC plastic wrap packaging.

Fabrication and Properties of Lignin/Castor Oil-Based Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1535-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Juan Wang ◽  
Hai Yan Xiao ◽  
Feng Qiang Sun ◽  
Jian Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Facile Route ◽  
Scanning Electron

Novel bio-based composites were developed from maleate castor oil (MACO) and lignin through free radical initiated copolymerization between MACO and diluent monomer styrene(St). The morphology and structure of the composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical and thermal behaviors of the composites were investigated, which showed the incorporation of a little of lignin in the castor oil based polymer can enhance the tensile properties of the matrix polymer greatly. This work provides a facile route to prepare bio-based composite materials from castor oil and lignin and can be extended to prepare other bio-based materials from reproducible resources.

scholarly journals A Robust Two-Step Process for the Efficient Conversion of Acidic Soybean Oil for Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaojian Ma ◽  
Lingmei Dai ◽  
Dehua Liu ◽  
Wei Du
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Negative Effect

Acidic oil, which is easily obtained and with lower cost, is a potential raw material for biodiesel production. Apart from containing large quantity of FFAs (free fatty acids), acidic oil usually contains some amount of inorganic acid, glycerides and some other complex components, leading to complicated effect on lipase’s catalytic performance. Exploring the efficient process of converting acidic oil for biodiesel production is of great significance to promote the use of acidic oil. A two-step conversion process for acidic soybean oil was proposed in this paper, where sulfuric acid-mediated hydrolysis was adopted first, then the hydrolyzed free fatty acid, collected from the upper oil layer was further subject to the second-step esterification catalyzed by immobilized lipase Novozym435. Through this novel process, the negative effect caused by harmful impurities and by-product glycerol on lipase was eliminated. A fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 95% could be obtained with the acid value decreased to 4 mgKOH/g from 188 mgKOH/g. There was no obvious loss in lipase’s activity and a FAME yield of 90% could be maintained with the lipase being repeatedly used for 10 batches. This process was found to have a good applicability to different acidic oils, indicating it has great prospect for converting low quality oil sources for biodiesel preparation.

scholarly journals Water adsorption and hygroscopic growth of six anemophilous pollen species: the effect of temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2247-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjin Tang ◽  
Wenjun Gu ◽  
Qingxin Ma ◽  
Yong Jie Li ◽  
Cheng Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Pollen Species ◽  
Mass Increase

Abstract. Hygroscopicity largely affects environmental and climatic impacts of pollen grains, one important type of primary biological aerosol particles in the troposphere. However, our knowledge of pollen hygroscopicity is rather limited, and the effect of temperature in particular has rarely been explored before. In this work three different techniques, including a vapor sorption analyzer, diffusion reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (transmission FTIR) were employed to characterize six anemophilous pollen species and to investigate their hygroscopic properties as a function of relative humidity (RH, up to 95 %) and temperature (5 or 15, 25 and 37 ∘C). Substantial mass increase due to water uptake was observed for all the six pollen species, and at 25 ∘C the relative mass increase at 90 % RH, when compared to that at <1 % RH, ranged from ∼30 % to ∼50 %, varying with pollen species. It was found that the modified κ-Köhler equation can well approximate mass hygroscopic growth of all the six pollen species, and the single hygroscopicity parameter (κ) was determined to be in the range of 0.034±0.001 to 0.061±0.007 at 25 ∘C. In situ DRIFTS measurements suggested that water adsorption by pollen species was mainly contributed to by OH groups of organic compounds they contained, and good correlations were indeed found between hygroscopicity of pollen species and the number of OH groups, as determined using transmission FTIR. An increase in temperature would in general lead to a decrease in hygroscopicity, except for pecan pollen. For example, κ values decreased from 0.073±0.006 at 5 ∘C to 0.061±0.007 at 25 ∘C and to 0.057±0.004 at 37 ∘C for Populus tremuloides pollen, and decreased from 0.060±0.001 at 15 ∘C to 0.054±0.001 at 25 ∘C and 0.050±0.002 at 37 ∘C for paper mulberry pollen.

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