scholarly journals SEHATI PROGRAMME: Building the capacity of local government to implement, sustain and scale up STBM and sanitation marketing in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Angelina Yusridar ◽  
Susanne Shatanawi ◽  
Catur Adi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Marketing ◽  
District Government

Despite the Ministry of Health’s National Sanitation Strategy (STBM) initiated in 2008 to reduce the spread of diarrheal diseases, Indonesia still suffers from open defecation, as the dominant part of the rural population does not have access to improved sanitation services with only 57%  As a consequence of  too much focus on meeting the MDG sanitation targets, most government programmes tend to concentrate on construction of new infrastructure (STBM pillar 1: stop open defecation). In addition to this, more priority seems to have been given to the quantity of  facilities rather than their quality in the long run. The result is infrastructure that deteriorates to a level that can no longer provide access to safe sanitation facilities to those who are normally using the facilities.  Therefore, in 2016, Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene Programme for Eastern Indonesia (SEHATI) was designed, in a consortium reuniting Simavi and 5 local partners.  The overall goal of SEHATI is to achieve district wide – access to, and utilisation of, sustainable and improved sanitation and hygiene facilities, and to contribute towards the government’s target of providing universal access to WASH for all by 2019. SEHATI aims to strengthen the capacity of the local authorities at district, sub-district and village level to implement a sustainable STBM 5 pillars in the community in order to achieve the national goal of universal access in2019. The programme supports the central and local governments on sustaining and scaling up STBM 5 pillars by creating an enabling environment. SEHATI works with national and local authorities as well as private sectors in 7 districts in Eastern Indonesia. To achieve the goal, Simavi works together with 5 local NGOs to implement the programme. The local partners are the catalyst for change by building the capacities and systems of the district government responsible for STBM implementation. District governments are equipped to take the lead in planning, budgeting and monitoring STBM interventions. Subsequently, the district team increases the capability of sub-district government and Primary Health Care to plan, budget, promote and monitor STBM 5 pillars at village level. After that, the district and sub-district team assist the village government in planning, budgeting and implementing STBM 5 pillars in the communities. When the capacities are enhanced, local actors are more likely to replicate and scale up the STBM throughout the districts.  Seven intervened districts are able to issue STBM 5 pillars related regulation to ensure that the programme is implemented properly in their area. District governments have capacity to oversee the plan and budget for STBM during planning processes. In addition, STBM team has been established at district, sub-district and village level to execute the programme thoroughly. As a result, at the end of 2017, more than 500.000 people at intervened villages have knowledge on STBM 5 pillars13 out of 210 intervened villages have been declared 100% STBM.  Although SEHATI works at government level to sustain the implementation of 5 pillars of STBM, measuring the impact of this programme may take several years. Staff rotation and political issues at district and village level often hamper the process of the programme. Similarly, government bodies have their own priorities programme so to some extent STBM has lack of attention. Therefore, to realize the ambitious goal of achieving universal access in 2019, it is necessary advocate for STBM 5 pillars practises at national (POKJA AMPL) and district level (i.e. head of districts). SEHATI PROGRAMME: Building the capacity of local government to implement, sustain and scale up STBM and sanitation marketing in Indonesia

scholarly journals Determinants of toilet ownership among rural households in six eastern districts of Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuaki Hirai ◽  
Andrea Kelsey ◽  
Kay Mattson ◽  
Aidan A. Cronin ◽  
Supriya Mukerji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract In 2012, the Government of Indonesia and UNICEF launched a project within eastern provinces of Indonesia to scale up and strengthen a national hygiene and sanitation program called ‘Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat’. A formative study prior to the project was conducted to characterize sanitation and hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among 1,700 households in six rural Indonesian districts in 2014. Separate multivariate analyses for toilet ownership (outcome 1) and improved sanitation (outcome 2) were conducted with generalized linear models to assess the association between potential determinants and sanitation outcomes. Respondents who agreed that most people do not have a toilet in their community were associated with lower levels of toilet ownership compared to respondents who disagreed with the statement (p < 0.001). The perception that building a toilet is expensive was also associated with reduced toilet ownership in contrast to respondents without this perception (p < 0.001). Embarrassment and convenience were associated with ownership of improved sanitation versus those with shared or unimproved toilets. The study suggests that social norms play an important role in changing sanitation behaviors. Future research should aim to clarify the extent to which norms and other psychosocial factors can be used to influence sanitation practices.

Willingness to pay for VIP latrines in rural Senegal

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph P. Hall ◽  
Eric A. Vance ◽  
Emily Van Houweling ◽  
Wandi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

In 2015, African ministers established the Ngor Declaration to achieve universal access to adequate sanitation and hygiene services and eliminate open defecation by 2030. Realizing this target will require significant public and private investment. Over the last two decades, there has been increasing recognition that sanitation programs should be demand driven, yet limited information exists about how much rural residents in developing countries are willing to pay for sanitation improvements. This paper applies the contingent valuation approach to evaluate how much households in rural Senegal are willing to pay for a ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine. The analysis uses data from 1,635 household surveys that were conducted in 47 rural communities across four regions in Senegal. The willingness to pay model found that respondents were more willing to pay for a VIP latrine if they had plans to improve their existing latrine, lived in districts located nearer to the capital city of Dakar, were dissatisfied with their existing sanitation service, and were male. The analysis also indicates that the current household contribution of 5% of the costs of constructing a VIP latrine could be increased to 30% with only a modest decline in the number of households willing to pay this amount.

PERIMBANGAN KEUANGAN ANTARA PEMERINTAH PUSAT DENGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Edward Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Regional Authority ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Tax Sharing

The fi nancial relationship between central and local government can be defi ned as a system that regulates how some funds were divided among various levels of government as well as how to fi ndsources of local empowerment to support the activities of the public sector.Fiscal decentralization is the delegation of authority granted by the central government to theregions to make policy in the area of   fi nancial management.One of the main pillars of regional autonomy is a regional authority to independently manage thefi nancial area. State of Indonesia as a unitary state of Indonesia adheres to a combination of elementsof recognition for local authorities to independently manage fi nances combined with the element oftransferring fi scal authority and supervision of the fi scal policy area.General Allocation Fund an area allocated on the basis of the fi scal gap and basic allocation whilethe fi scal gap is reduced by the fi scal needs of local fi scal capacity. Fiscal capacity of local sources offunding that comes from the area of   regional revenue and Tax Sharing Funds outside the ReforestationFund.The results showed that the strengthening of local fi scal capacity is in line with regional autonomy.

Tinjauan Aspek Budaya pada Pembelajaran IPA: Pentingnya Pengembangan Kurikulum IPA

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Hardoyono
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Learning Attitude ◽  
Do So

: Education deals with enlightening people and developing human resources. The reasecher concluded that cultural background of students influences their learning attitude in the school. Therefore, the developing learning process of Natural Sciences insist student to elaborate principles of Natural Sciences without ignoring cultural valuesof local community. The policy of decentralization of Indonesian Government had authorized and legitimated local authorities to develop curriculum based on the local cultures. To do so, each local government through the officers of Education has to create a curiculum by involving some curriculum experts, instructures, natural sciences theachers, and the lectures of universities who adequately understand learning model of Natural Sciences.

Spatial and Institutional Analysis of the Voivodships Expenditure on Culture in the Years 2003 – 2015

e-Finanse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Adam Mateusz Suchecki
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
National Heritage

AbstractFollowing the completion of the process of decentralisation of public administration in Poland in 2003, a number of tasks implemented previously by the state authorities were transferred to the local level. One of the most significant changes to the financing and management methods of the local authorities was the transfer of tasks related to culture and national heritage to the set of tasks implemented by local governments. As a result of the decentralisation process, the local government units in Poland were given significant autonomy in determining the purposes of their budgetary expenditures on culture. At the same time, they were obliged to cover these expenses from their own revenues.This paper focuses on the analysis of expenditures on culture covered by the voivodship budgets, taking into consideration the structure of cultural institutions by their types, between 2003-2015. The location quotient (LQ) was applied to two selected years (2006 and 2015) to illustrate the diversity of expenditures on culture in individual voivodships.

Konflik Hubungan Pusat-Daerah antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Kabupaten Blora Terkaiat dengan Dana Bagi Hasil Blok Cepu

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Budi Setiyono ◽  
Dio Satrio Jati ◽  
Teten Jamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
National Budget ◽  
History Of ◽  
District Government ◽  
Financial Income ◽  
Resources Share

Cepu Block located between Centre Jawa and East Java. It is known as a rich block because it has a source of oil and gas. Block Cepu, where geographically located between three districts, Blora (Centre Java), Bojonegoro and Tuban (East Java) has given a contribution to national budget (APBN) and respected local government budget (APBD). About 33 per cent of the land of Cepu Block is owned by Blora, 67 per cent owned by Bojonegoro and the rest is owned by Tuban. Ironically, however, although 33 per cent of the Block belongs to Blora, the district does not receive any financial income from the oil exploration. There is no resources share fund from Cepu Block. Moreover, the district has to deal with the negative impacts of exploration activities at the Block Cepu such as damaging of infrastructure, environmental pollution, and social disturbance. Blora District has protested to Centre Government, but so far there is no outcome. Centre Government asked that this problem should be studied first. The central government argue that if it is approved, then there will be domino impact: other districts will do the same like Blora. Blora district is struggling to get equality in resources share fund (dana bagi hasil). Efforts have done, seminars and workshops, lobby to DPD (Upper House) to find a solution. Now the district government is proposing judicial review to constitution court. This research examines the history of Block Cepu. It reveals the history of the block from the colonial era up to the reformation era. Further, the research aims to know how the tension between local government (Blora Government) and central government regarding Blok Cepu oil exploration. The research suggests that there is injustice in the distribution of revenue from the exploration and it is understandable if Blora district government struggle to get proportional revenue sharing.

scholarly journals Rural–Urban Disparities in Access to Improved Sanitation in Indonesia: A Decomposition Approach

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110299
Author(s):  
Sri Irianti ◽  
Puguh Prasetyoputra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
The Government

One of the targets in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is Target 6.2, aims to achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation. The Government of Indonesia targets universal access to improved sanitation in 2019. However, almost two out of five households in Indonesia are without access to improved sanitation. Moreover, access to improved sanitation is lower in rural areas than that in urban areas. Studies examining the drivers of the disparity in Indonesia are also limited. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the characteristics associated with the rural–urban disparity in access to improved sanitation facilities among households in Indonesia. We employed data from the 2016 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) comprising 290,848 households. The analysis was twofold. First, we fitted multivariate probit regression models using average marginal effects as the measure of association. We then conducted a detailed non-linear decomposition of the rural–urban disparity attributable to all the explanatory variables. The multivariate regression analysis suggested that households living in rural areas were 11.35% (95% confidence interval = [10.97, 11.72]) less likely to have access to improved sanitation facilities than those residing in urban areas. The decomposition analysis suggested that 48.78% are attributable to spatial, demographic, housing, and socio-economic factors, which meant that almost half of the inequalities could be reduced by equalizing these factors. The results provide a decomposition of factors amenable to curtail urban–rural inequalities. Hence, equity-oriented approaches to increasing access to improved sanitation should be prioritized to achieve universal access in 2030 in line with SDG Target 6.2.

scholarly journals Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Service Availability at Rural Health Care Facilities in Southwestern Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Mugema Mulogo ◽  
Micheal Matte ◽  
Andrew Wesuta ◽  
Fred Bagenda ◽  
Richard Apecu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Service Availability ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Southwestern Uganda

There is a paucity of information on the state of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) at health care facilities in Uganda. A survey on WASH service availability was conducted at 50 health care facilities across 4 districts of rural southwestern Uganda between September and November 2015. The main water points at the majority (94%) of the health care facilities were improved sources, while improved toilets were available at 96% of the health care facilities visited. Hospitals had the poorest toilet to patient ratio (1 : 63). Only 38% of the health care facilities had hand washing facilities at the toilets. The lack of hand washing facilities was most prominent at the level IV health centre toilets (71%). Hand washing facilities were available at other points within most (76%) of the health care facilities. However, both water and soap were present at only 24% of these health care facilities. The poor toilet to patient/caregiver ratios particularly in the high volume health care facilities calls for the provision of cheaper options for improved sanitation in these settings. Priority should also be given to the sustainable provision of hygiene amenities such as soap for hand washing particularly the high patient volume health care facilities, in this case the level IV health centres and hospitals.

scholarly journals Outsourcing or Giving all Out? Experience from Tanzania Local Government Revenue Collection

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukio Mrutu ◽  
Pendo Mganga
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Fiscal Autonomy ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Expected Outcome

Outsourcing revenue collection in Local Government Authorities  has been adopted as a mechanism to solve the previous problems of revenue collection which resulted into loss and missmanagement of the whole process. One of the expectations was to increase revenue collection which will  provide a room for fiscal autonomy. However, experience from few local government authorities which have outsourced their revenue collection shows that, the whole process of outsourcing has not yielded the expected outcome especially on enabling local authorities to have fiscal autonomy instead it has turned to benefit the private agent who collect Tax. By using secondary data this paper attempts to show how the process of outsourcing is benefiting the private agent and therefore it is like giving everything out. It concludes that, though outsourcing seems to benefit local authorities by reducing some tasks especially on tax collection, outsorcing benefits much a private agent and therefore quick meausures should be adopted including building the capacity of Local Authorities in identifying the sources of revenue and  in estimating the actual collections so as to have clear picture of how much will be generated by the agent and what should be the appropriate amount to be submitted to the Local authority.

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