scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Antibiotik Profilaksis Terhadap Infeksi Luka Operasi pada Pasien Bedah Obstetri dan Ginekologi di RSUP Dr. Sardjito

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mawaqit Makani ◽  
Tri Murti Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Control Study

Antibiotik profilaksis merupakan obat yang digunakan dalam pencegahan dan penanganan pada infeksi luka operasi (ILO). Infeksi luka operasi menjadi penyumbang infeksi sebesar 14% dan kejadian tertinggi berasal dari obstetri dan ginekologi. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kesesuaian dan prediksi kadar pada penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis terhadap kejadian infeksi luka operasi pada pasien yang bedah obsgin. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasional analitik dengan rancangan case control study. Data penelitian diambil dari rekam medik pasien bedah obsgin pada bulan Januari - Desember 2018 kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok ILO dan tidak ILO. Dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kesesuain jenis, dosis, waktu pemberian,interval, dan prediksi kadar antibiotik dalam darah pada kedua kelompok. Analisis data dilakukan uji chi-square dan Fisher exact test untuk data kategorikal untuk melihat profil baseline sampel dan hubungan antara kesesuaian antibiotik profilaksis dengan kejadian ILO. Hasil penelitian pada 21 kelompok ILO dan 63 kelompok tidak ILO tidak terdapat hubungan antara kesuaian antibiotik profilaksis dengan kejadian luka operasi (p>0,05), prediksis kadar antibiotik saat selesai operasi memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian ILO (p<0,01; RR 4,5; 95% CI 2,9-6,7).

scholarly journals FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN OBESITAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Israini Suriati ◽  
Nurliana Mansyur
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Control Study

Pendahuluan: Obesitas adalah suatu kondisi yang menggambarkan seseorang memiliki badan yang sangat gemuk dan mengandung banyak lemak pada tubuhnya, sebagai akibat dari penumpukan zat gizi terutama karbohidrat, lemak dan protein. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh ketidak seimbangan konsumsi kalori dan kebutuhan energy. Obesitas dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor.Faktor-faktor tersebut diantaranya adalah faktor genetik, kurang gerak / olahraga, emosi, Pola makan,kurang istirahat,suhu, hormonal Tujuan:  Mengetahui Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas pada warga dusun sabbang paru desa salu paremang selatan Kabupaten Luwu Kecamatan Kamanre Provinsi Sulawesi SelatanMetode: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi komparatif dengan pendekatan case control study dilihat secara retrospektif. Desain ini dilakukan dengan melihat variabel dependen terlebih dahulu, sedangkan variabel independen ditelusuri secara retrospektif untuk menentukan ada tidaknya hubungan faktor faktor yang berperan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah warga yang obesitas di Dusun sabbang paru desa salu paremang selatan kecamatan kamanre sulawesi selatan. Adapun pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara Random sampling yakni dengan cara acak tanpa memperhatikan strata yang ada dalam anggota populasi yaitu sebanyak 40 responden.Hasil: Berdasarkan uji chi square dengan Fisher Exact test pada variabel genetika diperoleh nilai hitung p = 0,001 lebih kecil dari nilai α = 0,05, pada variabel pola makan diperoleh nilai hitung p = 0,002 lebih kecil dari nilai α = 0,05, dan pada variabel aktifitas fisik diperoleh nilai hitung p = 0,001 lebih kecil dari nilai α = 0,05 Simpulan: Dari analisis tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa Ha diterima atau ada hubungan genetika, pola makan dan aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas pada warga desa salu paremang selatan kecamatan kamanre sulawesi selatan. Kata kunci: Obesitas

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in Phase I (CYP450) Genes CYP1A1 (rs4646421), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP19A1 (rs749292) and CYP2C8 (rs1058930) and Their Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Mazandaran Province in North of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 2488-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golpar Golmohammadzadeh ◽  
Abbas Mohammadpour ◽  
Nematollah Ahangar ◽  
Mohammad Shokrzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Cyp1b1 Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: The second leading cause of cancer-related death in women is breast cancer. Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes (XMEs) contribute to the detoxification of numerous cancer therapy-induced products. In the metabolism of xenobiotic, cytochrome P450s or monooxygenases perform an important function by catalysing the hydroxylation reaction. In this study, the susceptibility and genetic polymorphisms of CYP450 isoenzymes was investigated that may have an etiological role in breast cancer. AIM: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of CYP1A1 (rs4646421), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP2C8 (rs1058930), and CYP19A1 (rs749292) polymorphisms with the risk of breast cancer in Mazandaran province. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study were recruited 72 patients and 51 healthy individuals and was performed between March 2018 to May 2018 in the Oncology Department at Imam Hospital in Sari city, Iran. Peripheral blood samples were collected in EDTA tube, and DNA extraction was performed using the salting-out method and WizPrep extraction kits. Breast cancer patients with known clinicopathological characters and healthy women as control group were genotyped for genes polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique, using restriction enzymes. Chi-square, Fisher exact test and Logistic regression model, were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results of the experiments showed that there was a significant relationship between two groups and the age of the patients is significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.044). According to the chi-square and Fisher exact test, education, pregnancy, menopause status and oppose were significant between the two groups. Based on using a logistic regression model in two normalized and age-adjusted models to finding relationship between the genotypes of each gene and breast cancer risk, it was determined that in the CYP2C8 genotype, those who have the CG allele have a 7.74 degree increased risk of breast cancer (CI = 95% 0.95-62.5) and in the CYP19A1 gene, individuals with GA genotype, increased risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.52-27.21), about the CYP1B1 gene, people with two genotypes of CG + GG had higher risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.19-5.71) and allele G has decreased risk of breast cancer in this gene (P = 0.0271), also allele G in CYP2C8 gene had the protective effect (P = 0.02). In the age-adjusted model, for the CYP2C8 gene, GG genotype increased risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.11-75.84) as well as, the CG + GG genotype in CYP1B1 gene (CI = %95 1.31-6.57). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the association between CYP2C8 (rs1058930), CYP19A1 (rs749292) and CYP1B1 (rs1056836) gene polymorphisms and increased risk of breast cancer in women in Mazandaran province.

scholarly journals Human and environmental risk factors of leptospirosis in Gunungkidul, Indonesia: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2967
Author(s):  
Sulistyawati Sulistyawati ◽  
Righa Pradana ◽  
Sandheep Sugathan
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
District Health ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Control Study

Background: Leptospirosis is a bacterial, zoonotic disease associated with environmental factors and human behavior related to occupation. This research aimed to investigate the association between human behavior and leptospirosis. Case mapping and topographical mapping were done for a comprehensive visualization.Methods: A matched case-control study design was conducted in Gunungkidul, Indonesia, from December 2017 to January 2018. Cases were selected from those reported as suspicious of leptospirosis by the Gunungkidul District Health Office during 2017 and controls were matched according to sex and age. Chi-squared, Fisher exact test, and Odds ratios were employed to find out the association between exposure and outcome for a significance level of 0.05. Quantum GIS-Web Map-Stamen terrain was used to overlay case and landscape.Results: Bivariate analysis showed that four exposure variables that enhanced the risk for leptospirosis though not significantly associated were history of injuries, habit of taking a bath or wash the clothes in the river, not using personal protection during work and presence of an animal fence surrounding the house. Most of the leptospirosis cases (>70%) resided in a hilly area. This finding assists in developing prevention strategies concerning leptospirosis infection.Conclusions: Human behaviour is vital in leptospirosis prevention. Accordingly, this study can broaden the understanding horizon, particularly for a decision-maker where and how to implement the Leptospirosis prevention program. Prevention should address the current situation in the field and based on population and local wisdom to result in the successful implementation.

scholarly journals Anatomical Evaluation of Mandibular Bone Cortex in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Cledinaldo Lira Junior ◽  
Diego Henrique Pires Gonçalves ◽  
Kamilly de Lourdes Ramalho Frazão ◽  
Sandra Aparecida Marinho ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Gonçalves De Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

Aims: To evaluate the mandibular bone cortical of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis on panoramic radiograph, through radiomorfometric indices. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus VIII, in the city of Araruna, PB, between January and December of 2015. Methodology: Panoramic radiographs of sixteen patients with mucopolysaccharidosis and 32 controls, organized by gender and age, composed the sample. The mandibular panoramic index, gonial index, antegonial index and mental index were evaluated. Pearson's Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney test were used to statistical analysis with a level of significance of 5.0%. Results: Mucopolysaccharidosis patients were mostly female (62.5%), with a mean age of 12.31 + 7.16 years, MPS VI (50.0%) being the most prevalent. Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis had higher values in the gonial (1.86+0.48), the antegonical (4.36+1.24) and the mental (5.24+1.21). However, only the antegoniac index presented a significant difference (P=0.047). Conclusion: The antegoniac index was higher in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis and the other radiomorphometric measures were similar to those observed in the control group. Apparently, mucopolysaccharidosis is not related to decreased bone to mandibular quality.

scholarly journals CHARACTERS, DETERMINANTS, AND ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHRONIC ANEMIA AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: CASE–CONTROL STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
HAIDER SHAHEED MOHAMMED
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chronic Anemia ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Objective: The objective of this study was carried out to study the characters, determinants of anemia among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and to estimate the link between chronic anemia and AF. Methods: This is a case–control study, administrated in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital among admitted patients in the cardiac care unit from 1st week of January 2018 to the last week of April 2019. A random sample of 100 patients was included in the study based cut of time, where a special form of inquiry sheet was constructed to gather data and it was reviewed and revised by matter experts for testing the validity and enrichment of it. Both cases of AF and control with sinus rhythm were divided into anemic and non-anemic, anemia is defined as hemoglobin <13 and <12 in male and female, respectively. A Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version (25) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics Chi-square Fischer exact test, and ANOVA tests of significance, correlation and logistic regression analysis had been estimated where p<0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: A total of 100 individuals had been included in the study, 50 cases with AF and 50 control with mean of age was 62.74003±13.424 years 58 females with 42 males, total non-anemic was 57 while total anemic was 43, 74.4% of AF cases was anemic while 25.6% of control group was anemic, there was statistically significant difference between cases and control according to the presence and absence of anemia where p<0.05. Conclusion: The first study done in the region to prove the direct relation of anemia on incident AF, thus in conclusion, chronic anemia had a relation with AF.

scholarly journals A case control study to evaluate correlation of anemia with severe preeclampsia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2773
Author(s):  
Garima Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Nicu Admission ◽  
Control Study

Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to evaluate correlation of anemia with severe preeclampsia.Methods: It is a prospective case control study conducted in Sultania Zanana Hospital, Bhopal over one year period. Patients were grouped as cases (severe preeclampsia with severe anemia, n=180) and controls (severe preeclampsia with no/mild/moderate anemia, n=180). Collecting data were compared using the Pearson chi square, fisher’s exact test and the independent t-test as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results: Higher incidence of maternal complications abruption (8.88% v/s 0.5%), ARF (2.2% v/s 0.5%), PPH (2.8%), pulmonary edema (5%), CCF (3.3%), HELLP (1.6%), CVA (1.1%), pulmonary embolism and DIC in 0.5% and maternal mortality seen in cases. Perinatal complications like pregnancy wastage (22.8% v/s 7.8%), IUGR (55.8% v/s 32%), early neonatal death (7.5% v/s 2.4%), NICU admission (31.3% v/s 20.7%) were more in cases.Conclusions: Perinatal and maternal complications are significantly associated with severity of anemia in preeclampsia women. Anemia being a easily detectable and modifiable risk factor, detection of anemia in early gestation can be a key to prevent or decrease the severity of preeclampsia.

Anatomopathologic Subtypes of Endometrial Carcinoma: Case-Control Study of 122 Cases. Epidemiology and Ultrasound

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMO.S367
Author(s):  
T Perez-Medina ◽  
V Engels ◽  
F Salazar ◽  
B Bueno ◽  
L Sanfrutos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Myometrial Invasion ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

Objective To determine the epidemiological and sonographic characteristics of patients with endometrial carcinoma of endometrioid and non-endometrioid subtype to analyse if any differences can be observed between the groups. Study design A case-control study was performed considering 122 patients with endometrial carcinoma where 96 (78.69%) had endometrioid carcinomas (controls) and 26 (21.31%) had non-endometrioid carcinomas (cases). Epidemiological, clinical, and sonographic variables (endometrial thickness and sonographic suspicion of myometrial invasion of the tumour) were analysed. Qualitative variables were studied with the Chi-square test and the Fisher's exact test and quantitative variables with the t test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Tumours of the non-endometrioid type are observed in older patients (p = 0.003) and frequently show a higher sonographic tumoral invasion (p = 0.0036). Conclusions This study supports previous observations that non-endometrioid endometrial carcinomas present at older ages and provides new data that non-endometrioid carcinoma more frequently show sonographic images compatible with myometrial invasion.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA USIA, PARITAS, PEKERJAAN DAN INDEK MASSA TUBUH DENGAN KEJADIAN PROLAP ORGAN PANGGUL BERDASARKAN SKOR PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE QUANTIFICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Ermawati Ermawati ◽  
Hafni Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Case Control ◽  
T Test ◽  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

Prolap organ panggul merupakan kondisi yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup wanita. Prolaps organ panggul ini dapat disebabkan oleh perlukaan sewaktu proses persalinan, proses penuaan, komposisi jaringan pada seorang wanita, batuk- batuk kronis, atau sering melakukan pekerjaan berat. Pengenalan dini prolaps terkait dengan prognosis pemulihan anatomik dan fungsional organ panggul. Hingga kini, penerapannya dalam dunia klinis belum banyak sehingga pelatihan dan pembelajaran lebih lanjut tentang pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ) jelas diperlukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode case control study di polikilinik Obgin RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang mulai bulan September 2013 sampai jumlah sampel terpenuhi sebanyak 98 orang. Dengan 49 orang kelompok kontrol dan 49 orang kelompok kasus .Analisis dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan usia, paritas, pekerjaan dan indek massa tubuh dengan kejadian prolap organ panggul berdasarkan skor POPQ. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Data diuji dengan t test dan chi square test. Jika p<0,05 menunjukan hasil yang bermakna. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia dengan kejadian prolap organ panggul dengan (p<0,05) dan OR 27,871.terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara paritas dengan kejadian prolap organ panggul dengan (p<0,05) dan OR 52,970.Dari analisa statistik pekerjaan tidak bisa di uji secara statistik.indek massa tubuh tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian prolap organ panggul.(p>0,05)

Sindrom Penyakit Tropis sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Malnutrisi Balita di Daerah Pesisir

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Swaidatul Masluhiya AF ◽  
Irma Irma
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Study

Masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang cukup seriuspada kelompok usia balita sampai saat ini adalah kejadian malnutrisi, hal iniberdampak pada gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan fisik balita. Malnutrisi juga dapat menyebabkan balita menjadi rentan terhadap penyakit infeksi. Beberapa faktor penyebab malnutrisi diantaranya faktor makanan dan penyakit infeksi yang mungkin diderita anak, faktor ketahanan pangan dikeluarga, pola pengasuhan anak, pelayanan kesehatan dan kesehatan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah sindrom penyakit tropis merupakan prediktor terjadinya gizi kurang pada balita. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan Case Control Study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasangan ibu dan balita yang ada di daerah pesisir kecamatan Nambo Kota Kendari denganteknik simple randam sampling di dapatkan jumlah sampel  sebanyak 164 orang yang terdiri dari dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:1. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Chi square pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05) dengan mempertimbangkan nilai Odd Ratio dan nilai Confidence Interval. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sindrom penyakit tropis (diare dengan р-value = 0,001 dan OR = 4,162, batuk – batuk dengan р-value = 0,001 dan OR = 3,552,ISPAnon pneumoni dengan р-value = 0,004 dan OR = 3,003) merupakan faktor prediktor terjadinya malnutrisi pada balita sedangkan infeksi cacing dengan р-value = 0,056 dan OR= 1,773 bukan merupakan faktor prediktor terjadinya malnutrisi pada balita di daerah pesisir Kecamatan Nambo Kota Kendari

scholarly journals Premedication Does Not Influence the Incidence of Infliximab Infusion Reactions in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Single Center Case–Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3177
Author(s):  
Edyta Szymanska ◽  
Maciej Dadalski ◽  
Joanna Sieczkowska-Golub ◽  
Dorota Jarzebicka ◽  
Monika Meglicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Infusion Reactions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study

Background: Infusion reactions (IRs) are the most common adverse events (AEs) of infliximab (IFX) treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Prophylactic premedication (PM) with corticosteroids or antihistamines prior to IFX infusions has been used in clinical practice, but its efficacy is not known. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of steroid PM on IR incidence in pediatric patients with IBD receiving IFX. Methods: We performed a case–control study that included pediatric patients with IBD receiving IFX. Patients were divided into four subgroups according to the agent and PM they received: Remicade (original drug) + PM, and two biosimilars—Reshma +/− PM, and Flixabi—PM. At our site, until 2018, PM with steroids was used as a part of standard IFX infusion (PM+); however, since then, this method has no longer been administered (PM−). IRs were divided into mild/severe reactions. Differences between subgroups were assessed with the appropriate chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between PM and IR incidence, correcting for co-medication usage. Results: There were 105 children (55 PM+, 44 male, mean age 15 years) included in the study who received 1276 infusions. There was no difference between the PM+ and PM− subgroups, either in incidence of IR (18.2% vs. 16.0% of patients, p > 0.05) or in percentage of infusions followed by IR (2.02% vs. 1.02% of infusions, p > 0.5). The OR of developing IR when using PM was 0.34, and the difference in IRs ratio in PM+ and PM− patients was not statistically significant (95% CI, 0.034–1.9). There were 11/18 (61.1%) severe IRs (anaphylactic shock) reported in all patients (both PM+ and PM−). Conclusion: At our site, the incidence of IR was low, and PM did not decrease the incidence of IR in pediatric patients with IBD receiving IFX. These results indicate that PM with steroids should not be a standard part of IFX infusion to prevent IR.

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