scholarly journals Human and environmental risk factors of leptospirosis in Gunungkidul, Indonesia: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2967
Author(s):  
Sulistyawati Sulistyawati ◽  
Righa Pradana ◽  
Sandheep Sugathan
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
District Health ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Control Study

Background: Leptospirosis is a bacterial, zoonotic disease associated with environmental factors and human behavior related to occupation. This research aimed to investigate the association between human behavior and leptospirosis. Case mapping and topographical mapping were done for a comprehensive visualization.Methods: A matched case-control study design was conducted in Gunungkidul, Indonesia, from December 2017 to January 2018. Cases were selected from those reported as suspicious of leptospirosis by the Gunungkidul District Health Office during 2017 and controls were matched according to sex and age. Chi-squared, Fisher exact test, and Odds ratios were employed to find out the association between exposure and outcome for a significance level of 0.05. Quantum GIS-Web Map-Stamen terrain was used to overlay case and landscape.Results: Bivariate analysis showed that four exposure variables that enhanced the risk for leptospirosis though not significantly associated were history of injuries, habit of taking a bath or wash the clothes in the river, not using personal protection during work and presence of an animal fence surrounding the house. Most of the leptospirosis cases (>70%) resided in a hilly area. This finding assists in developing prevention strategies concerning leptospirosis infection.Conclusions: Human behaviour is vital in leptospirosis prevention. Accordingly, this study can broaden the understanding horizon, particularly for a decision-maker where and how to implement the Leptospirosis prevention program. Prevention should address the current situation in the field and based on population and local wisdom to result in the successful implementation.

scholarly journals Peran program kelas ibu hamil terhadap pelaksanaan ASI eksklusif di Gunung Kidul

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Dwi Andayani ◽  
Ova Emilia ◽  
Djauhar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Regression Tests ◽  
Control Study

Purpose This study aimed to determine the effect of the implementation of the antenatal class toward exclusive breastfeeding.Methods The research was a case-control study with a quantitative approach. This research was also supported by a qualitative approach which aimed to complement and reinforce the results obtained from the quantitative data. Sample cases were 135 exclusive breastfeeding infants aged 6-12 months, and the control sample were 135 not exclusive breastfeeding infants aged 6-12 month. Data analysis used the McNemar and conditional logistic regression tests with significance level of p = <0.05 and 95% confidence interval.Results Bivariate analysis showed that antenatal class affected exclusive breastfeeding p = 0.026 and OR = 1.80 (95% CI: 1.03 to 3.24). In the results of multivariate analysis after controlling by including support of her husband and the ANC p = 0.03 and OR = 1.86 (95% CI: 1.05 to 3.30). Mothers who attended antenatal class have exclusive breastfeeding rate 1.86 times higher compared to mothers who did not attend the antenatal class.Conclusion The antenatal class can directly affect exclusive breastfeeding, in spite of controlling the support of her husband and the ANC.

scholarly journals FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN OBESITAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Israini Suriati ◽  
Nurliana Mansyur
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Control Study

Pendahuluan: Obesitas adalah suatu kondisi yang menggambarkan seseorang memiliki badan yang sangat gemuk dan mengandung banyak lemak pada tubuhnya, sebagai akibat dari penumpukan zat gizi terutama karbohidrat, lemak dan protein. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh ketidak seimbangan konsumsi kalori dan kebutuhan energy. Obesitas dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor.Faktor-faktor tersebut diantaranya adalah faktor genetik, kurang gerak / olahraga, emosi, Pola makan,kurang istirahat,suhu, hormonal Tujuan:  Mengetahui Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas pada warga dusun sabbang paru desa salu paremang selatan Kabupaten Luwu Kecamatan Kamanre Provinsi Sulawesi SelatanMetode: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi komparatif dengan pendekatan case control study dilihat secara retrospektif. Desain ini dilakukan dengan melihat variabel dependen terlebih dahulu, sedangkan variabel independen ditelusuri secara retrospektif untuk menentukan ada tidaknya hubungan faktor faktor yang berperan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah warga yang obesitas di Dusun sabbang paru desa salu paremang selatan kecamatan kamanre sulawesi selatan. Adapun pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara Random sampling yakni dengan cara acak tanpa memperhatikan strata yang ada dalam anggota populasi yaitu sebanyak 40 responden.Hasil: Berdasarkan uji chi square dengan Fisher Exact test pada variabel genetika diperoleh nilai hitung p = 0,001 lebih kecil dari nilai α = 0,05, pada variabel pola makan diperoleh nilai hitung p = 0,002 lebih kecil dari nilai α = 0,05, dan pada variabel aktifitas fisik diperoleh nilai hitung p = 0,001 lebih kecil dari nilai α = 0,05 Simpulan: Dari analisis tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa Ha diterima atau ada hubungan genetika, pola makan dan aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas pada warga desa salu paremang selatan kecamatan kamanre sulawesi selatan. Kata kunci: Obesitas

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Antibiotik Profilaksis Terhadap Infeksi Luka Operasi pada Pasien Bedah Obstetri dan Ginekologi di RSUP Dr. Sardjito

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mawaqit Makani ◽  
Tri Murti Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Control Study

Antibiotik profilaksis merupakan obat yang digunakan dalam pencegahan dan penanganan pada infeksi luka operasi (ILO). Infeksi luka operasi menjadi penyumbang infeksi sebesar 14% dan kejadian tertinggi berasal dari obstetri dan ginekologi. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kesesuaian dan prediksi kadar pada penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis terhadap kejadian infeksi luka operasi pada pasien yang bedah obsgin. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasional analitik dengan rancangan case control study. Data penelitian diambil dari rekam medik pasien bedah obsgin pada bulan Januari - Desember 2018 kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok ILO dan tidak ILO. Dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kesesuain jenis, dosis, waktu pemberian,interval, dan prediksi kadar antibiotik dalam darah pada kedua kelompok. Analisis data dilakukan uji chi-square dan Fisher exact test untuk data kategorikal untuk melihat profil baseline sampel dan hubungan antara kesesuaian antibiotik profilaksis dengan kejadian ILO. Hasil penelitian pada 21 kelompok ILO dan 63 kelompok tidak ILO tidak terdapat hubungan antara kesuaian antibiotik profilaksis dengan kejadian luka operasi (p>0,05), prediksis kadar antibiotik saat selesai operasi memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian ILO (p<0,01; RR 4,5; 95% CI 2,9-6,7).

scholarly journals Association of placental chorangiosis with pregnancy complication and prenatal outcome: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Homeira Vafaei ◽  
Zinat Karimi ◽  
Mojgan Akbarzadeh-Jahromi ◽  
Fatemeh Asadian
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Chorangiosis is a vascular change involving the terminal chorionic villi in the placenta. It results from longstanding, low-grade hypoxia in the placental tissue, and is associated with such conditions as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), diabetes, and gestational hypertension in pregnancy. Chorangiosis rarely occurs in normal pregnancies. However, its prevalence is 5–7% of all placentas from infants admitted to newborn intensive care units. The present study was aimed at determining the association of chorangiosis with pregnancy complications and perinatal outcomes. Methods In this case-control study, 308 chorangiosis cases were compared with 308 controls (with other diagnoses in pathology) in terms of maternal, placental, prenatal, and neonatal characteristics derived from the medical records of participants retrospectively. R and SPSS version 22 software tools were used, and the statistical significance level was considered 0.05 for all the tests. Results Preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, maternal hemoglobin, maternal hematocrit, C/S, oligohydramnios, fetal anomaly, dead neonates, NICU admissions were significantly higher in the chorangiosis group OR = 1.6, 3.98, 1.68, 1.92, 2.1, 4.47, 4.22, 2.9, 2.46, respectively (p-value< 0.05 for all). Amniotic fluid index, birth weight, cord PH amount, 1st, and 5th Apgar score was lower in the chorangiosis group OR = 0.31, 1, 0.097, 0.83, 0.85, respectively (p-value< 0.05 for all). Moreover, fundal placenta, retro placental hemorrhage, perivillous fibrin deposition, calcification, and acute chorioamnionitis were higher in the chorangiosis group OR = 2.1, 11.8, 19.96, 4.05, and 6.38 respectively, (p-value< 0.05). There was a high agreement between the two pathologists, and the power of the study was estimated at 99%. Conclusion Although chorangiosis is an uncommon condition, it is associated with a higher incidence of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it should be considered an important clinical sign of adverse pregnancy outcomes and should be reported in the pathology evaluation.

scholarly journals Peri-implantitis and extracellular matrix antibodies: A case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Papi ◽  
Stefano Di Carlo ◽  
Daniele Rosella ◽  
Francesca De Angelis ◽  
Mario Capogreco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Type I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this case–control study was to compare patients with a healthy peri-implant environment and patients affected by peri-implantitis, evaluating the occurrence of antibodies to extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. The authors hypothesized the presence of ECM autoantibodies in serum of peri-implantitis patients. Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: one with dental implants with a diagnosis of peri-implantitis and one control group with implants classified as being “healthy.” Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on patients' sera to detect human antibodies to type I, III, IV, and V collagens, laminin, and fibronectin. Fisher exact test was performed to evaluate statistical association, with a significant P < 0.05. Results: Forty-two patients were enrolled in this study, 27 females (64.28%) and 15 males (35.72%) with a mean age of 53 ± 29.69 years (age range 32–74). The presence of antibodies to CIII was recorded in 6/21 (28.57%) patients of test group, compared to just 2/21 (9.52%) for the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Other antibodies tested were found to be not statistically significant or absent. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that further studies, with larger sample and different design, are necessary to address the research purpose, evaluating possible associations between anti-ECM antibodies and peri-implantitis.

scholarly journals Penyakit Skabies Berhubungan Dengan Personal Hygiene Masyarakat

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Elma Mentaya ◽  
Noraida Noraida ◽  
Abdul Khair
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
District Health Office ◽  
District Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Study

Based on the Hulu Sungai Tengah District Health Office report, scabies continues to exist and is a problem that must to resolved immediately. The working area of the Pagat Health Center, which is one of the sub-districts in Hulu Sungai Tengah, experienced the highest increase in scabies cases. The purpose of this study was to determine personal hygiene relations include bathing habits and habit of using soap together with scabies in the working area of the Pagat Health Center. This type of research uses a retrospective approach (case-control study), which compares the behaviour of the sick group with a lively group associated with the incidence of scabies. The sample of this research is 30 people. Data will be analyzed using the x2 test (Chi-square). The results of this study indicate there is a relationship between bathing habits with the incidence of scabies P-value = 0.026 <α = 0.05, there is a relationship between the use of soap with the prevalence of scabies P-value = 0.024 <α = 0.05. Suggestions such as providing health education with excellent and correct bathing methods, using liquid soap or antiseptic soap.

scholarly journals Neonatal morbidity among African refugee women in Israel: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e050778
Author(s):  
Amit Ovental ◽  
Reut Doyev ◽  
Laurence Mangel ◽  
Jacky Herzlich ◽  
Amir Hadanny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
African Refugees ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesReports on neonatal morbidity (NM) among refugees in developed countries remain inconsistent. We aimed to compare NM among infants of African refugees in Israel to the native population based on a large population sample.DesignA case–control study.SettingA tertiary hospital in Israel.ParticipantsData on hospital-based live births of refugee women and their newborns who were born in 2014 and 2017 were retrieved from medical records. Perinatal and neonatal data were compared between the refugee group and the native residents matched for gestational age and year of birth as well as within the refugee group.Primary outcomePrevalence of NM among African refugees in Israel.ResultsNewborns delivered by 357 refugee women (mean age 30.2 years) and 357 controls (mean age 32.2 years) were analysed. Both groups were similar for the newborns’ weight and gestational age. There were no significant differences in NM between the groups. A within-refugee comparison conducted between 2014 and 2017 yielded significant differences in birth weight (3051.4 vs 3373.6 gr, p<0.001, 95% CI (198.3 to 446.2), d=0.56), the number of twin deliveries (10 vs 4, p=0.002, Φ=0.173), the number of neonates evaluated as small for gestational age (15 vs 10, p=0.003, Φ=0.167) and the use of human milk (71% vs 93%, p<0.001, Φ=−0.298).ConclusionsWe conclude that NM among neonates born to refugee mothers was not higher than that of neonates born to native Israeli mothers. We suggest that successful implementation of health policies for refugees has improved their accessibility to mother–child health services.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in Phase I (CYP450) Genes CYP1A1 (rs4646421), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP19A1 (rs749292) and CYP2C8 (rs1058930) and Their Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Mazandaran Province in North of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 2488-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golpar Golmohammadzadeh ◽  
Abbas Mohammadpour ◽  
Nematollah Ahangar ◽  
Mohammad Shokrzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Cyp1b1 Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: The second leading cause of cancer-related death in women is breast cancer. Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes (XMEs) contribute to the detoxification of numerous cancer therapy-induced products. In the metabolism of xenobiotic, cytochrome P450s or monooxygenases perform an important function by catalysing the hydroxylation reaction. In this study, the susceptibility and genetic polymorphisms of CYP450 isoenzymes was investigated that may have an etiological role in breast cancer. AIM: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of CYP1A1 (rs4646421), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP2C8 (rs1058930), and CYP19A1 (rs749292) polymorphisms with the risk of breast cancer in Mazandaran province. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study were recruited 72 patients and 51 healthy individuals and was performed between March 2018 to May 2018 in the Oncology Department at Imam Hospital in Sari city, Iran. Peripheral blood samples were collected in EDTA tube, and DNA extraction was performed using the salting-out method and WizPrep extraction kits. Breast cancer patients with known clinicopathological characters and healthy women as control group were genotyped for genes polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique, using restriction enzymes. Chi-square, Fisher exact test and Logistic regression model, were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results of the experiments showed that there was a significant relationship between two groups and the age of the patients is significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.044). According to the chi-square and Fisher exact test, education, pregnancy, menopause status and oppose were significant between the two groups. Based on using a logistic regression model in two normalized and age-adjusted models to finding relationship between the genotypes of each gene and breast cancer risk, it was determined that in the CYP2C8 genotype, those who have the CG allele have a 7.74 degree increased risk of breast cancer (CI = 95% 0.95-62.5) and in the CYP19A1 gene, individuals with GA genotype, increased risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.52-27.21), about the CYP1B1 gene, people with two genotypes of CG + GG had higher risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.19-5.71) and allele G has decreased risk of breast cancer in this gene (P = 0.0271), also allele G in CYP2C8 gene had the protective effect (P = 0.02). In the age-adjusted model, for the CYP2C8 gene, GG genotype increased risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.11-75.84) as well as, the CG + GG genotype in CYP1B1 gene (CI = %95 1.31-6.57). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the association between CYP2C8 (rs1058930), CYP19A1 (rs749292) and CYP1B1 (rs1056836) gene polymorphisms and increased risk of breast cancer in women in Mazandaran province.

scholarly journals Determinants of maternal deaths amongst mothers who suffered from post-partum haemorrhage: a community-based case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2814
Author(s):  
Divya Khanna ◽  
Jai Veer Singh ◽  
Monika Agarwal ◽  
Vishwajeet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Control Study

Background: The WHO estimates that, of the 529 000 maternal deaths occurring every year 136 000 take place in India amongst which postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) being the most (29.6%) commonly reported complication. However deaths from PPH can be prevented. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors contributing to maternal deaths amongst women who develop PPH.Methods: This was a community based paired case-control study done in rural areas of Lucknow, UP (India) done in a period of one year. Thirty-one maternal deaths due to PPH (cases) were matched and compared with two mothers who survived from PPH (controls). Data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0 and Open Epi version 2.3. The appropriate significance test was applied using MacNemar test for paired data. Risk factors obtained significant in bivariate analysis were subjected to conditional multiple logistic regressions for adjustment and controlling the effect of confounding variables. Results have been given in form of unadjusted Odds ratio (UOR) and adjusted Odds ratio (AOR).Results: It was seen that the mothers who had taken ≥4 antenatal visits during the index pregnancy had a protective effect against deaths due to PPH. Home delivery raised the odds of death by seven times.Conclusions: Deaths due to PPH can be reduced by ensuring institutional delivery, good antenatal care and better referral facilities, especially for mothers from weaker sections of society.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Pressure Ulcers in a University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Andrade Fonseca ◽  
Sandra Hernández Ordoñez ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Gomez Neva ◽  
Julie Johana Rojas Villamil ◽  
Nydia Esmeralda Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Case Control ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Control Study

Introduction. Pressure ulcers are skin lesions that occur as a result of an ischemia process, this type of lesion are considerated very important in the health context. Objective. To identify associated factors with the appearance of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients over 16 years old, in a teaching hospital in Bogotá Colombia during 2013. Materials and methods. A case-control study was carried out, based on a secondary information source. Some variables and their relationship with the presentation of pressure ulcers in each case were analyzed. Results 228 patients were included, 114 cases, 114 controls, the bivariate analysis to identify the factors associated with the risk of presenting pressure ulcers: age equal to or greater than 45 years, pathologies of respiratory etiology, with levels of hemoglobin and albumin below the range expected for sex and age, multivariate analysis that patients older than 45 years, hemoglobin below the expected level by sex and age, have a high risk of presenting UPP for each day of hospital stay. Conclusions The early identification of factors associated with UPP constitutes a fundamental pillar in care.

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