scholarly journals Obesitas sentral berhubungan dengan toleransi glukosa terganggu pada remaja perempuan

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mawarti Dwi Astuti ◽  
Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono ◽  
Noormanto Noormanto ◽  
Madarina Julia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Background: Obesity in adolescents has become health problem in Indonesia. Central obesity is associated with insulin resistance.Theoretically, insulin resistance will cause impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and could develop into type 2 diabetes.Objective: The aim of this study were to evaluate the difference in IGT prevalence between central and non central obesity and to identify the risk factors associated with IGT. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at 3 private secondary schools in Yogyakarta and recruited 62 obese female students aged 12-18 years.The subjects were classified into central obesity (BMI/U> +2SD and waist circumference > p90) and non central obesity based on anthropometric data. Fasting glucose and 2 hours after loading were measured in all subjects. Differences in the proportion of IGT between the two groups was calculated by Chi-square test and risk factors associated with IGT were calculated by multivariate logistic regression with 95% confidence interval.Result: Of 62 subjects, 14 of them have IGT and the prevalence of IGT was significantly higher in the central obesity group compared to non central obesity group (11/31 vs 3/31, p=0.03). Central obesity was found to be the only risk factor of IGT (OR=4.6; 95%CI: 1.04 to 20.24). Twenty one of the subjects were found to have impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (34%) and one subject (1.6 %) had IFG+IGT. There were no differences in the proportion of IFG between central and non central obesity groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of IGT in female students with central obesity was higher compared to those with non central obesity. A female student with central obesity had 4.6-fold risk of having IGT compared to those with non central obesity.

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Insomnia and Factors Associated with it Among the Elderly People of Sarangdanda VDC in Panchthar District

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Keywords Alcohol ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Restorative Sleep

Insomnia is one of the major and unsolved problems in older people. Most of the sleep studies report that the different forms of insomnia like Difficulty Initiating Sleep (DIS), Difficulty Maintaining Sleep (DMS) and Non-Restorative Sleep (NRS) are common among the elderly that are associated to many factors. The objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of insomnia and the factors associated to it among the elderly people. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 142 elderly people of and above 60 years of age in Sarangdanda VDC of Panchthar District of Eastern Nepal. The presence or absence of insomnia and the associated factors were assessed on them by the help of interview schedule. The results were analyzed using chi-square test in SPSS (version 11.5). DMS was the most common reported form of insomnia among the elderly followed by DIS and NRS. Association between insomnia and each of factors like use of tobacco before sleeping hours, eating too close to bedtime, use of tea/coffee before sleeping hours and use of alcohol before sleeping hours were statistically significant at 95% level of confidence. Insomnia affects a large proportion of elderly and is triggered by many factors like use of tobacco before sleeping hours, use of tea/coffee before sleeping hours, eating too close to bedtime and use of alcohol before sleeping hours. Keywords: Alcohol; tea/coffee; difficulty initiating sleep (DIS); difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS); non-restorative sleep (NRS); tobacco DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4517 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.129-142

scholarly journals Bacteriological Safety of Blood Collected for Transfusion at University of Gondar Hospital Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailegebriel Wondimu ◽  
Zelalem Addis ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Yitayal Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Transfusion associated bacterial infection has remained more frequent with a sever risk of morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the bacteriological safety of blood collected for transfusion. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar hospital blood bank from December 2011 to June 2012. Bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done as per the standard procedure. Chi-square test and P value were used to assess associations between risk factors and the bacterial isolation rate. Results. Twenty-one (15.33%) blood units were found contaminated with bacteria, and 95.24% contamination was due to external sources. The commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococci species, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter species. All of the bacteria isolated were 100% sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, and Doxycycline. Multiple antimicrobial resistances were observed in 66.7% of the isolates. Not using glove by phlebotomist, touching disinfected phlebotomy site and double puncture at the same hand or both hands of a donor were found to be risk factors for bacterial contamination. Conclusion. Bacterial contamination of blood to be transfused is a common problem in the hospital. So attention should be given to activities performed at the blood bank for safe transfusion practices.

scholarly journals Setting – based prevalence and correlates of central obesity: findings from a cross-sectional study among formal sector employees in Dodoma City, Central Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam John Munyogwa ◽  
Kaloli Sayi Ntalima ◽  
Secilia Ng’weshemi Kapalata
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background Obesity at the workplace has been associated with symptoms of lower self-esteem, increased individual and employer healthcare costs, increased absenteeism and presenteeism and reduced productivity. Therefore, this study was designed to study the prevalence and correlates of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Methods Study design was a cross-sectional survey conducted from March to June, 2019. Participants were employees from formal sector employment defined as those paid regular monthly wage and with either a secured permanent or temporary contract. Simple random sampling was used to select four out of fifteen large buildings hosting various establishments. Respondents were obtained conveniently and interviewed face to face. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference greater than 102 cm for males and greater than 88 cm for females. Chi-square test was conducted to assess the differences among the groups. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify the correlates of central obesity. Results A total of 392 respondents (98% response rate) agreed and participated in the study. The overall prevalence of central obesity was found to be 41.8% (164/392). The prevalence of central obesity was significantly higher among females (67.4% p < 0.001), respondents aged ≥51 years (60%, p = < 0.001), administrators (55.1% p = < 0.05), respondents with salary of > 1,000,000 Tanzanian Shilling (TSh.) per month (54.4%, p = < 0.05), respondents who eat homemade meals at the workplace (64.2%, p = < 0.05) and respondents with hypertension (62.5%, p = < 0.05). Correlates of central obesity were found to be female sex (AOR = 9.53; 95% CI: 5.49, 16.78), increased age, eating homemade meals at the workplace (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.19) and hypertension (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.91). Conclusions The present study revealed high prevalence of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Scholars and stakeholders are urged to generate more evidences and design appropriate interventions to curb the situation.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors among Indigenous Breeds of Goats in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaolu T. Olufemi ◽  
Danjuma B. Dantala ◽  
Paul A. Shinggu ◽  
Umesi A. Dike ◽  
Gbeminiyi R. Otolorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
La Jolla

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated with brucellosis in indigenous breeds of goats. A total of 386 goats were sampled from three political wards: Puje, Avyi, and Hospital: harvested sera samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). GraphPad Prism version 7.03 for Windows (GraphPad Software, La Jolla California, USA) was used to analyse the association between seroprevalence of brucellosis and age, sex, breed, location, and management system by using Chi square and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Brucellosis was detected in all three wards: Puje; 15%, Avyi; 6.6%, and Hospital; 7.6%. A prevalence rate of 2.8%, 8%, 18.7%, and 1% was recorded for <20-month, 22-35-month, 36-45-month, and ≥46-55-month age categories, respectively (P < 0.05). Only 9.5% was observed for male animals while 9.8% was observed for female animals with no statistical difference between the males and females. Breed-specific seroprevalence yielded 7.4%, 5.4% 12%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, for Cross, West Africa Dwarf, Red Sokoto, Kano Brown, and Sahel breeds of goat, respectively. There is an evidence of brucellosis (9.6%) in Wukari L.G.A, Taraba State, and age is a risk factor for the disease in the study area. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic potentials and economic impacts of brucellosis.

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROFILE OF ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION AND IT'S CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL COMPLICATIONS AT AIIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Rajeev Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
Ravikirti Ravikirti ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hypertension, its risk factors and complications is very poorly understood therefore it goes undiagnosed and untreated for a long time. The present study was undertaken to study the clinical profile of isolated systolic hypertension (systolic > 140 and diastolic ≤ 90 mmHg ) in elderly (above the age of 60 years)and to find out any other associated risk factors, any end organ complications, specially cardiac through electrocardiography and echocardiography and on kidney through creatinine clearance. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken on patients attending the outdoor department and indoor department of medicine. The study group comprised of 75 elderly patients who had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Using Chi square test correlation of age with stage of BP, association of risk factors with ISH and Stage III BP and ECG changes with LVH calculated. It concluded that ISH associated with risk factors has definite effect mainly on cardiac in terms of LV hypertrophy and on kidney in terms of reduced creatinine clearance and is an even better predictor of mortalityand morbidity than is diastolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Shenzhen, China.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Xia Chang ◽  
Kang-Kang Chen ◽  
Xiao-Ting Liu ◽  
Hao-Yuan Zhang ◽  
Meng-Man Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and proportion of laboratory-confirmed urethral Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections that were asymptomatic among individuals presenting to different clinics in Shenzhen and the risk factors related to STI infections in this population.Methods In a cross-sectional study, 8,309 eligible individuals were invited to participate in a questionnaire interview, and urine specimens were collected for identification of CT and NG infections. Corresponding outcomes were analyzed by Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.Results Among 7070 participants who completed the questionnaire and provided the urine specimen, 2871 were asymptomatic and included in our analyses: 1120 (39.0%) males and 1751 (61.0%) females. The prevalence of NG and CT was 0.9% and 6.2% among males reporting no symptoms, and 0.4% and 7.9% among females reporting no symptoms, respectively. The proportion of asymptomatic urethral CT among males with urethral CT was 28.3%; for females, it was 34.2%. For asymptomatic males with urethral NG/CT, 3 independent risk factors were identified: (1) males under the age of 30 (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.07-2.84); (2) being employed in the commercial service work (2.69; 1.33-5.45); and (3) being recruited through the urological department (2.18; 1.24-3.83). For asymptomatic females with urethral NG/CT, 2 independent risk factors were identified: (1) females under the age of 30 (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.25-2.58); and (2) being recruited through the dermatological department (2.83; 1.46-5.46).Conclusion A substantial prevalence of asymptomatic CT infections was found among males and females presenting to clinics in Shenzhen. The significant correlation between asymptomatic CT infection and these risk factors could help identify high-risk populations and guide screening.

scholarly journals Exploring health literacy in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Mei ◽  
Qing Zhong ◽  
Gong Chen ◽  
Yuanxia Huang ◽  
Junlin Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background In recent years, research on health literacy has become increasingly focused on the health care system and public health. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate health literacy and analyse the risk factors that affect health literacy in Wuhan, China. Methods Multistage stratified random sampling was used to select 5304 urban and rural residents aged 15 to 69 years from 204 monitoring points in 15 districts of Wuhan. Using the Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) (2018 edition), a face-to-face survey was conducted from November to December 2018. Risk factors that may affect health literacy were assessed using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The knowledge rate of health literacy was relatively low (19.3%). The knowledge rate of health-related behaviour and lifestyle (BAL, 17.3%) was the lowest of the three aspects of health literacy, and the knowledge rate of chronic diseases (CD, 19.0%) was the lowest of the six dimensions of health literacy. Respondents who lived in urban areas, had higher education levels, worked as medical staff, had a higher household income and did not suffer from chronic diseases were likely to have higher health literacy. Conclusions The health literacy levels of citizens in Wuhan are insufficient and need to improve.

scholarly journals Association between the Use of Alternative Medicine and Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Perez-Sosa Abigail M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Cost

Background: Diabetes mellitus 2 (T2D) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in northern Mexico. Various treatments are used to control the disease; however, the cost of these and the difficulty of dietary management have as a consequence that the patient abandons them and looks for cheaper and easier-to-use alternatives. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the use of alternative medicine and adherence to medical treatment in patients with T2D. Design and Setting: Analytic cross-sectional study. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was designed between March and July 2019 including 464 patients with T2D from the family medicine unit #48 Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. We used the Morisky-Green scale for adherence to treatment and the use of Alternative Medicine (CAM) was evaluated with a holistic complementary and alternative medicine questionnaire. The Chi-Square test was used for comparison of proportions and risk factors were calculated using odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 53% of patients use CAM; biological therapy (herbs and supplements) is the most frequent (94%). The association between CAM use and adherence to medical treatment was 2.1 (95% CI 1.4-3.1, p= 0.001). The risk factors for the use of CAM were female sex, basic level education, uncontrolled disease and a time of evolution greater than 10 years. Conclusion: CAM users are 2.1 times more at risk of having a regular or bad adherence to medical treatment.

scholarly journals Perception against COVID-19 Threat Affecting the Behavior of Indonesia People Three Months after the Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Putri C. Eyanoer ◽  
Farhat Farhat ◽  
Elvita Rahmi Daulay ◽  
Fotarisman Zaluchu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Actual Health

BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, a new behavior has been introduced in the community to prevent COVID-19 transmission following 3 months of the COVID-19 outbreak. The Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, names this new concept as “the adaptation of new behavior.” However, preventive measures and health protocols encouraged by the government have not yet yielded a significant impact on reducing the COVID-19 positivity rate. This unsuccessful outcome indicates that infective circulation is still occurring caused by incompliant to the health protocol. AIM: This study aimed to measure community perceptions against COVID-19 at the individual level. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a total of 1687 respondents was performed. Questionnaires distributed thru sharing online links which contain questions on perception of vulnerability and severity of COVID-19. Chi-square test used in analysis to determine the difference in perception with respondents’ behavior. RESULTS: A total of 81.7% of respondents who had a perception of “susceptible to contract” performed behavior suited to recommendations and 81.2% study population had a perception of “COVID-19 is severe” executed behavior suited to the recommendation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the establishment of government recommendations for COVID-19 infection did not guarantee the actual health practice/behavior in the community. The existing misconception of the perspective of seriousness/severity and susceptibility would prevent the country from flattening the curve.

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