scholarly journals CENGKLIK RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE ON DROUGHT MITIGATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Yovi Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Drought Disaster

Water availability problem is encountered by Cengklik Reservoir due to drought disaster in the current year. It causes irrigation water crisis over 850 hectares crop field which of 350 hectares were not cultivated. The risk that must be faced by farmers is decrease in potential productivity, losses about more than 2.5 billion. Therefore, it needs technical solution to reduce this drought disaster risk. To obtain an alternative solution against water availability problem for drought disaster mitigation, this research used optimization of reservoir standard operating simulation. It applies field area of rice or Palawija at the second and/or the third cultivation season as decision variable, maximum productivity value as objective function, irrigation water demand as parameter depending on specified alternative crop pattern and schedule, and several constraints comprising 100% of reservoir reliability, all field is irrigated at the first and second season in which maximum non-irrigated crop field at the third cultivation season are 300 hectares. The tool used to conduct optimization was Microsoft Excel software. The result showed that crop pattern considered as an alternative solution against water availability problem in Cengklik reservoir is paddy-paddy-maize at the early of November II cultivated over 433 hectares and 1524 hectares. Risk reduction reached 9.33% in term of reservoir reliability, 23.61% in term of irrigated area, and 27.29% in term of vulnerability towards water availability crisis.

scholarly journals Gravitational Interaction in the Chimney Lattice Universe

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Maxim Eingorn ◽  
Andrew McLaughlin ◽  
Ezgi Canay ◽  
Maksym Brilenkov ◽  
Alexander Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Helmholtz Equation ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Fourier Expansion ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Present Universe ◽  
Delta Functions ◽  
Yukawa Potentials ◽  
The Universe

We investigate the influence of the chimney topology T×T×R of the Universe on the gravitational potential and force that are generated by point-like massive bodies. We obtain three distinct expressions for the solutions. One follows from Fourier expansion of delta functions into series using periodicity in two toroidal dimensions. The second one is the summation of solutions of the Helmholtz equation, for a source mass and its infinitely many images, which are in the form of Yukawa potentials. The third alternative solution for the potential is formulated via the Ewald sums method applied to Yukawa-type potentials. We show that, for the present Universe, the formulas involving plain summation of Yukawa potentials are preferable for computational purposes, as they require a smaller number of terms in the series to reach adequate precision.

scholarly journals Afforestation of Degraded Croplands as a Water-Saving Option in Irrigated Region of the Aral Sea Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Navneet Kumar ◽  
Asia Khamzina ◽  
Patrick Knöfel ◽  
John P. A. Lamers ◽  
Bernhard Tischbein
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Trade Offs

Climate change is likely to decrease surface water availability in Central Asia, thereby necessitating land use adaptations in irrigated regions. The introduction of trees to marginally productive croplands with shallow groundwater was suggested for irrigation water-saving and improving the land’s productivity. Considering the possible trade-offs with water availability in large-scale afforestation, our study predicted the impacts on water balance components in the lower reaches of the Amudarya River to facilitate afforestation planning using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The land-use scenarios used for modeling analysis considered the afforestation of 62% and 100% of marginally productive croplands under average and low irrigation water supply identified from historical land-use maps. The results indicate a dramatic decrease in the examined water balance components in all afforestation scenarios based largely on the reduced irrigation demand of trees compared to the main crops. Specifically, replacing current crops (mostly cotton) with trees on all marginal land (approximately 663 km2) in the study region with an average water availability would save 1037 mln m3 of gross irrigation input within the study region and lower the annual drainage discharge by 504 mln m3. These effects have a considerable potential to support irrigation water management and enhance drainage functions in adapting to future water supply limitations.

Crop Productivity Enhancement under Soybean Based Cropping System through Harvested Rain Water in Malwa Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Ranade ◽  
M.L. Jadav ◽  
Indu Swarup ◽  
O.P. Girothia ◽  
D.V. Bhagat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Net Return

Background: Rainwater harvesting is commonly practiced in areas, where the rainfall is insufficient for crop growing. Due to the intermittent nature of run-off events, it is necessary to store the maximum possible amount of rainwater during the rainy season so that it may be used as irrigation to enhance the crop productivity and farm income under soybean based cropping system.Methods: A study was carried out during 2018-2019 in Indore district of Malwa region. Rainwater harvesting tanks at on station (42´21´2.4m) and on farm (15´11´4m) were constructed for irrigation water availability. Provision of water harvesting tank increased the irrigation water availability (1781m3 and 630m3 respectively) and stored water was managed through various irrigation systems viz. rain gun, drip and flood.Result: It was resulted that the provision of water harvesting tanks enhanced the crop productivity and farm income under soybean based cropping system. Availability of irrigation encouraged the farmers to diversify the cropping pattern (soybean-chickpea, soybean -wheat). It is also clear from the study that even with smaller storage tank and through conjunctive use of ground (1164.2m3) and surface water (596m3), multiple crops (Soybean, potato, sweet corn, chickpea, onion, garlic etc.) can be grown. Soybean-Chickpea cropping system at station gave the net return of 70976 Rs/ha with B: C ratio of 3.15. Soybean-Wheat cropping system at farm gave the net return of 119000 Rs/ha with B:C ratio of 3.38. 

scholarly journals Analysis of Consumer Behavior on Buying Decision at the Online Shop, Easy Shopping Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Dewi Indriani Jusuf
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Payment Method ◽  
Product Selection ◽  
The Third

Know the effect of the consumer behavior of online shop, Easy Shopping Indonesia on the consumers’ buying decision. The quantitative approach, descriptive and verified design are used. As much as 100 consumers of Essay Shopping in Bandung are selected as respondents using a purposive method. The instrument of data collection is questionnaire. The data analysis used is Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Square (PLS SEM). The research results show that the consumer behavior of Easy Shopping online shop affects the consumer buying decision significantly.  The biggest effect of the consumer behavior dimension on the buying decision variable is a personal factor; the second one is a psychological factor; the third one is a social factor and the fourth one is a cultural factor. The biggest effect of the consumer behavior variable is on the dimension of payment method; then the second one is distribution selection; the third one is on brand selection; the fourth one is on buying time and the last one is on product selection. Those findings are the antecedents of the online buying decision which finally affect the changes of the buying decision from the conventional buying process into the online one. Key Words : consumer behavior, cultural factors, social factors, personal factors and psychological factors, buying decision, product selection, brand selection, distribution selection, payment method and timing.  

scholarly journals Model Based Study of Crop Evapotranspiration under Canopy Shading

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Krishna Shah ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Yanbao Ma ◽  
Zhifeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
New Strategies

California has some of the key agricultural regions in the United States. One of these key regions, San Joaquin Valley, frequently experiences severe droughts leading to shortage of irrigation water. This has a significant impact on the agricultural based economy of the region. It is imperative to develop new strategies to reduce overall water consumption in agriculture without affecting crop yield. A large fraction of irrigation water is lost due to the evapotranspiration (ET) process in the crops and the soil. The classical Penman-Monteith model has been used in the present work to analyze the effect of different environmental variables and water saving strategies on the ET. Some of the scenarios considered show potential for significant water savings without much reduction in the amount of sunlight available to facilitate crop growth. The central idea considered in this study is the use of canopy shading to cover the crop field resulting in reduction in the ET. Among the strategies considered, the most promising strategy is to partially cover the crop field for a certain part of the day by employing a partially covering retractable canopy. Based on numerical calculations, total reduction in ET is calculated to be 37% from June to August for the partially covering retractable canopy.

On Instability of Overhung Centrifugal Compressors

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Berot ◽  
Hervé Dourlens
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Instability Problem ◽  
Angle Rotation ◽  
Bearing Design

This paper describes the synchronous vibration instability problem that occurred on a series of large overhung centrifugal compressors. The first part of this paper deals with the identification and display of the instability phenomenon: cyclic vibration amplitude variations and phase angle rotation occuring during testing of overhung centrifugal compressors. After numerical simulations and analysis of the test results, the bearing design has been identified as the cause of the problem. The second part describes the numerical study of the instability of the compressor. This problem is related to the eccentricity of the shaft in the bearing and to the shape of its orbit. We have investigated and propose different solutions to avoid this unstable dynamic behavior. These solutions have been tested on different compressors and have confirmed the results of the numerical analysis. The third part reminds a link between the thermal effect occurring in the bearings, the numerical results and the tested dynamic behavior of the compressor. Recently, some authors such as Keogh et al. (1994) and Liebich et al. (1994) have noticed and studied this unstable behavior. Althougth the nature of the phenomenon seems to be known (de Jongh et al., 1984) (Faulkner et al., 1997a, 1997b), no universal technical solution to this important problem has been found. The contribution of this work is to present another case of the influence of the thermal effect on the dynamic behavior of an overhung compressor. We present the typical symptoms of the phenomenon, explain it, and propose the solutions we have used to avoid the problem.

‘Matta Bestialita’ in Dante's ‘Inferno’: Theory and Image

Traditio ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 247-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred A. Triolo
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scholarly Discussion ◽  
Total Structure

What was Dante's interpretation of the third Aristotelian disposition of Nicomachean Ethics 7, which he calls ‘la matta bestialitade’ and how does it function in the structure of the Inferno? Correlatively, what range of meaning did Dante assign the second disposition, ‘malizia’? The problem is difficult at best and, from a modern point of view, apparently literarily unrewarding. What is more, after a long tradition of scholarly discussion and dispute a kind of consensus has emerged. With the solution which it proposes most are willing to rest content and indeed many simply take its correctness for granted. It is the thesis of this study that the consensus is based on an improvisation and that the high probability of an alternative solution can be effectively demonstrated. Underlying this is the conviction that this is not a scholarly quibble, of interest only to the ‘experts’ or merely a matter of interest for the history of ideas. Rather it is a problem with profound significance for the total structure of the Inferno both intellectual and literary.

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