scholarly journals REFORM OF CIVIL PROCEDURAL LAW AT THE APPELLATE-LEVEL COURTS IN INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amir Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Supreme Court

AbstractThe frst court and the appellate-level court serve as the judex facti, but there are different regulations about procedural law in HIR, RBG, and Law No. 20 of 1947. It causes high fling of cassation appeals. As a result, the Supreme Court is impaired in fostering and developing the (civil) law due to it being hectic from examining cases. Through reform of civil procedure law of the appellate­level court (PT), the court will be placed in the appropriate position as the means of fltering proceedings, so that not all cases can be fled for a cassation appeal. It is also the time to revoke Law No. 20 of 1947.IntisariPada dasarnya Pengadilan Negeri dan Pengadilan Tinggi diposisikan sebagai judex facti. Namun demikian, terdapat beberapa pengaturan mengenai hukum acara perdata mulai dari HIR, RBG hingga UU No.20 Tahun 1947 yang mengatur hal tersebut secara berbeda. Akibatnya, pengajuan kasasi meningkat sehinggamengganggu fokus Mahkamah Agung melaksanakan fungsi pembinaan hukum. Seharunya pengadilan banding diposisikan sebagai penyaring sehingga tidak semua kasus dapat diajukan ke banding dan kasasi. Selain itu, melalui pembaharuan hukum ini juga UU Nomor 20 Tahun 1947.

scholarly journals Environmental Dispute Resolution Through Class Action Lawsuit

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
K. Tjukup ◽  
P.R. A. Potra ◽  
P.A.H. Martana
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Supreme Court

The procedural  law  of Class Action  is  a legal  concept  known  in  the Anglo-Saxon  legal  system  (Common  Law). Whilst  this  concept  is  not  recognised   in  the  Continental  European  legal  system  (Civil  Law),  likewise  in  Indonesian  civil procedure  that based on Herzien Inlandsch Reglement (H.I.R) and Rechtsreglement  voor de Buitengewesten  (RBg). Initially, the procedural  law of class action in Indonesian  legal  system was arranged consecutively under Law No. 23 of 1997  (Environmental Protection  Law), Law No.  8  of  1999  on Consumer Protection  and Law No. 41 of  1999  on Forestry.  The arrangement  of class action lawsuit  in the substantive  law was inspired by the recognition  of class action lawsuit  in the United  States through Article 23 of the US Federal  Rule of Civil Procedure  prescribing  that the requirements  for filing class action  lawsuit are as follows: numerosity,  commonality, typicality,  and adequacy of representation.  In Indonesia there is no procedural  law setting out the class action  lawsuit,  thus  Supreme  Court  Regulation   No.   1      of  2002  was  enacted.  The  replacement   of Law  No.  23  of  1997 (Environmental  Protection Law) by Law No. 32 of 2009 (Environmental  Protection and Management Law) allows the application of the class action with reference to this Supreme Court Regulation.  The arrangement of class action lawsuit in the Supreme Court Regulation No.  1    of 2002 still  encounters many challenges in its application.  The initial process i.e. certification  is very decisive whether the lawsuit  can be accepted  or is  qualified  as a class action lawsuit. In conjunction with this, the judges'  active role is very  important  whilst  waiting  for a specific  and adequate  legislation  to establish  the class action  procedure.  Meanwhilst,  the judges  are supposed to patch up the Supreme Court Regulation No. 1   of 2002.  Keywords:  Environmental Disputes, Procedural Law,  Class Action Lawsuit

scholarly journals THE PROBLEMATICS OF EXECUTION LAW AGAINST NON-EXECUTABLE JUDGMENTS AND COMPARISONS WITH MALAYSIAN LAW

JURISDICTIE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Bambang Sugeng Ariadi Subagyono ◽  
Ghansham Anand
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
District Court ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Civil Case ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Civil Laws

<p>In public courts, the litigation of civil case is under civil law procedure. This is a legal regulation to maintain material civil laws. The procedural law is also a way to file a particular civil case to civil court and to organize judges’ ways in making judgment toward legal subject. Civil law procedure prevents any vigilante actions that creates public legal order. Judiciaries provide protection for legal subject in preserving their rights and prevent any arbitrary actions. After case investigation process set under procedural law, a court judgment is made to judge and solve case. Legal actions are subsequently conducted to reach fixed legal judgment (inkracht van gewijsde). Some executions for civil cases in Indonesia is suspended since the object is different from reality or non-executable. Furthermore, civil case judgment is sometimes contradictory to criminal cases, although the objects are similar. Either litigant and/or defendant files request to the Supreme Court to have a legal protection or the chairman of district court requests for an instruction from the Supreme Court, may suspend court judgment. Therefore, the implementation of court judgments with legal power is still undeniably problematic. If the execution is suspended or not allowed, it may disadvantage “the justice seekers”; public society. The suspended or non-executable judgment should be immediately addressed on its implementation, instead of its law.</p><p><br />Di pengadilan umum, proses kasus perdata berada dalam prosedur hukum perdata. Ini adalah peraturan hukum untuk mempertahankan hukum sipil material. Undang-Undang prosedural ialah cara mengajukan kasus perdata ke pengadilan sipil dan mengatur cara hakim memutuskan subjek hukum. Prosedur hukum perdata bertujuan mencegah tindakan hakim-sendiri sehingga tercipta tatanan hukum publik. Peradilan memberikan perlindungan bagi subjek hukum dalam melestarikan haknya dan mencegah kesewenang-wenangan. Setelah proses penyelidikan kasus sebagaimana diatur dalam hukum prosedural, putusan pengadilan dibuat untuk menilai dan memecahkan kasus. Tindakan hukum selanjutnya dilakukan hingga mendapat keputusan hukum tetap (inkracht van gewijsde). Beberapa putusan kasus perdata Indonesia ditangguhkan karena objek berbeda dari kenyataan atau tidak dapat dieksekusi. Selanjutnya, putusan kasus perdata terkadang bertentangan dengan kasus pidana, meskipun objeknya sama. Baik penggugat dan/atau terdakwa mengajukan permintaan ke Mahkamah Agung untuk memiliki perlindungan hukum atau ketua dari pengadilan distrik meminta instruksi dari Mahkamah Agung, bisa menangguhkan keputusan pengadilan. Karenanya, pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan dengan kekuatan hukum masih bermasalah. Jika eksekusi ditangguhkan atau tidak diizinkan, tentu dapat merugikan “para pencari keadilan”; masyarakat umum. Putusan yang ditangguhkan atau tidak dapat dieksekusi harus segera ditangani pada pelaksanaannya, bukan hukumnya.</p>

scholarly journals Urgensi Penyederhanaan Agenda Sidang Pada Hukum Acara Perdata Di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Syahrul Sajidin
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Business World ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Hours

Court beside as a judicial institution, have other function to give public service. One of the good and excellent services is realized by the existence of a simple service procedure. One of the most highlighted is that there are still many trial agendas that are considered unnecessary to be delivered directly in front of the panel of judges (during the hearing). Some of these stages include the agenda for reading answers, replicating and duplicating. So that from some of these backgrounds it is necessary to examine the urgency of simplifying the civil procedure law in Indonesia. From the description of the background of the research, the formulation of the problem can be arranged as follows, what is the urgency of simplifying the session agenda by submitting the answers, replicating and duplicating in writing and how is the simplifi  cation of the Civil Procedure Law in supporting the implementation of the judicial principle fast, simple and low-cost?. Simplification of civil procedural law is expected to be able to reduce the hours of the trial so that with fewer trial agendas the session becomes effective and efficient. In order for the simplification of civil procedural law to be able to bring maximum results, the Supreme Court needs to prepare several things. With the stages of building the system, managing the system, utilizing technology, increasing the role of the business world, developing HR capacity and implementing development in a systematic and measurable manner.

Access to the Supreme Court – Polish Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Zembrzuski
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
View Selection ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Special Character ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Preliminary Selection

The article presents the evolution of cassation complaint in Polish civil procedure. The author describes the nature of this appellate measure and the requirements of its admissibility. Aditionally, the text provides an insight into a preliminary procedure designed to select cassation complaints, which will be subsequently examined by the Supreme Court on the merits. The author depicts the evolution of Polish cassation into an extraordinary appellate measure and analyses how it has affected access to the Supreme Court. He argues that the preliminary acceptance procedure does not constitute a limitation of the admissibility of the cassation complaint. It is an additional, independent instrument regulating access to the Supreme Court. In his view, selection of admissible complaints with regard to preliminary acceptance is a better solution than developing limitations related to the admissibility of cassation complaints. The author concludes that requirements for cassation complaints are high and difficult to fulfil. The special character of cassation complaint, the relevance of the institution of preliminary selection, as well as other limitations, justify the thesis that Polish procedural law provides only a narrow access to the Supreme Court.

scholarly journals Precedentes e jurisdição constitucional no novo Código de Processo Civil

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Gonçalves Feitosa ◽  
Bernardo Silva de Seixas ◽  
Jhennifer Cristine Souza Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Legal Innovation

Precedentes e jurisdição constitucional no Novo Código de Processo CivilPrecedents and constitutional jurisdiction in the new Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure Adriano Gonçalves Feitosa[1]Bernardo Silva de Seixas[2]Jhennifer Cristine Souza Pinto[3] RESUMO: Este trabalho pretende demonstrar a realidade inaugurada pelo NCPC – Novo Código de Processo Civil (CPC/2015) –, apontando-lhe as inovações pertinentes ao exercício jurisdicional, à medida que o novo código, em consonância com o moderno direito processual constitucional, reforça a vinculação de certas decisões e as adequa à teoria dos precedentes judiciais. Paralelamente, é necessário comentar, em linhas gerais e numa perspectiva histórica, a respeito da interação entre os sistemas do Common Law e do Civil Law no sistema brasileiro e sua influência ao longo da trajetória de consolidação da jurisdição constitucional e processual pátria. Afinal, melhor se compreende o NCPC diante das reformas processuais promovidas ainda durante a vigência do CPC/1973. Por fim, evidencia-se o papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal como Corte Constitucional e a motivação que isso representa para a força dos precedentes no CPC/2015. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Precedentes. Novo Código de Processo Civil. Controle de Constitucionalidade. Supremo Tribunal Federal. ABSTRACT: This paper aims to show the news introduced by the new Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure (CPC/2015), pointing out the relevant innovations in the judicial exercise, so far as the legal innovation, in line with the modern constitutional Procedural Law, reinforces the binding quality of certain judicial decisions based on a theory of legal precedents. At the same time, it had to be commented, very briefly and in a historical perspective, on the interaction between the systems of Common Law and Civil Law in the Brazilian legal system and its influence over the consolidation path of constitutional and procedural jurisdiction. After all, the NCPC can be understood through the procedural reforms promoted during the term of the old procedural law (CPC/1973). Finally, this paper highlights the role of the Supreme Court as a Constitutional Court and what this represent for the precedents in the New Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure. KEYWORDS: Precedents. New Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure. Judicial Review. Brazilian Supreme Federal Court.[1] Graduando em Direito (Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM).[2] Professor da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) e do Centro Universitário de Ensino Superior do Amazonas (CIESA). Mestre em Sistema Constitucional de Garantia de Direitos (Instituição Toledo de Ensino – ITE, 2014). Especialista em Direito Processual (Centro Universitário de Ensino Superior do Amazonas – CIESA, 2013). Graduado em Direito (Centro Universitário de Ensino Superior do Amazonas – CIESA, 2011).[3] Graduanda em Direito (Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM).

ASAS TERBUKA UNTUK UMUM DAN KEHADIRAN FISIK PARA PIHAK DALAM SIDANG DI PENGADILAN NEGERI PASCA PERATURAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Bernadette M Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
District Court ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
Court Proceedings

The Indonesian Supreme Court, in response to the information era, modernizes the civil procedural rules at the district court level.  This is done by issuing Supreme Court Regulation no. 1 of 2019 re. Administration of Justice at Civil Law Courts and Electronic-Court Proceedings. Undoubtedly, modernization of existing rules on the administration of justice is much needed.  On the other hand, these changes may violate a number of procedural civil law principles.  The author argues, from a civil procedural law perspective, that the above Supreme Court regulation violates the basic principle of transparency of court proceedings and physical attendance at court proceedings. 

ON INTERACTION OF MATERIAL AND PROCEDURAL LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF REFORMING THE NOMENCLATURE OF SCIENTIFIC SPECIALTIES IN JURISPRUDENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-231
Author(s):  
S.I. Suslova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Civil Science ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: the influence of the material branches of law on the content and development of procedural branches has long been substantiated in the legal literature. At the same time, civil law scholars, limited by the scope of the nomenclature of scientific specialties in legal sciences, do not have the opportunity to conduct dissertation research aimed at identifying the influence of procedural branches on the norms of substantive law. With regard to scientific research, the study of such an impact is currently permissible only within the specialty 12.00.15. Reforming the nomenclature of scientific specialties towards its enlargement creates the basis for the development of the scientific theory of intersectoral relations, developed by M.Iu. Chelyshev. An in-depth study of the intersectoral interaction of civil law and civil procedure will contribute not only to the development of scientific knowledge, but also will allow solving practical problems at a different methodological level. Purpose: to analyze the stages of the formation of scientific specialties in the context of the relationship between civil law and procedure, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of uniting and dividing civil law and procedure in scientific research, to analyze dissertations in different periods of development of the science of civil law and the science of civil procedure, to formulate ways to improve directions of research to bridge the gap between the science of civil law and procedure. Methods: empirical methods of description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. The legal-dogmatic private scientific method was used. Results: identified the main views on the ratio of material and procedural branches in legal science; it is illustrated that the intersectoral approach is currently admissible only for dissertations in the specialty 12.00.15, which led to an almost complete absence of scientific research on this topic in civil science; substantiated the need to establish the bilateral nature of the relationship and interaction of material and procedural block. Conclusions: reforming the nomenclature of scientific specialties by right in the direction of their enlargement should have a positive effect on bridging the gap that has developed between works on civil law and civil law procedure in the last years of their separate existence. This is especially true of civil science, which developed its own scientific theories in isolation from the possibilities of their implementation within the framework of procedural law. The methodological basis for solving these problems has already been formed – this is an intersectoral method, the application of which is justified and demonstrated in the works of M.Iu. Chelyshev.

scholarly journals SKUTKI PRAWNE ORZECZEŃ TRYBUNAŁU KONSTYTUCYJNEGO W UJĘCIU CZASOWYM

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Roman Trzaskowski
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Retroactive Effect ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Common

Effects of Constitutional Tribunal’s Judgments in the Time PerspectiveSummaryThe problem of the time effects of the Constitutional Tribunal’s rulings remain within the area of interest of both constitutional and civil law scholars. It is widely discussed because of its enormous practical importance: more and more often the common courts and the Supreme Court have to deal with the laws which have been declared unconstitutional.The main question is whether the courts should apply the unconstitutional law while deciding on a case in which legally significant events had taken place before the law was declared null and void.The Polish Constitution does not give a clear answer to this question. The most important provisions seem to be contradictory, which makes it possible to use them as arguments for opposing positions.The scholars’ opinions differ significantly: some of them, followed by the Supreme Court, accept the so-called „retrospective” effect (the unconstitutional law cannot by applied), the others, together with the Constitutional Tribunal, take the opposite view. A few try to find a compromise.The proposition presented in this paper is to be classified as belonging to the third group.Indeed it seems that there is a need for a flexible approach. The time effects of a ruling shall be expressly stated by the Constitutional Tribunal. When the Tribunal fails to do so, the common courts have to asses themselves the rulings’ effects, being guided, among other things, by the principles of the civil law. There are strong arguments that the Constitution seems to favor the retroactive effect, yet it is not decisive. There are certainly situations, where a prospecitve effect shall be accepted: ultimately it is a question of balancing different constitutional and civil law values. 

scholarly journals Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 17 października 2018 r. (II KK 73/18)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Cezary Kulesza
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
The Impact

<p class="PreformattedText">The gloss refers to the problem of the impact of bank employees’ performance on borrowers’ liability for fraud. The author approves the view formulated in the thesis of the Supreme Court that the employees of the injured bank were obliged to exercise special diligence in checking the accuracy of the documents submitted by the accused necessary to obtain a loan. The position taken by the Supreme Court in the commented judgement can be considered as at least a partial departure from the previous jurisprudence of the Supreme Court accepting that the victim’s contribution to the occurrence of fraud is not relevant to the responsibility of the perpetrators. The author, starting from the results of victimological research, accepts the view that the basis of criminal liability for fraud is the complex behaviour of the perpetrator (extraneous) and representatives of the injured bank (intraneus) and their mutual activity. In the last part of the commentary, the author indicates the specific obligations of banks when granting loans. He also emphasizes the inclusion in civil law of the victim’s contribution to damage as a basis for its mitigation.</p>

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