scholarly journals IN VITRO COMPARISON OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA LEAVES WITH GENTAMYCIN, AMPICILLIN, NITROFURANTOIN, AND COTRIMOXAZOLE ON BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION PATIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Jindal ◽  
Chauhan S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Vitro Comparison

  Objective: In vitro comparison of the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves with gentamycin, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, and cotrimoxazole in bacterial pathogens isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) patients.Methods: Ethanolic extract of neem leaves was prepared by the standard method. The antimicrobial activity against bacteria isolated from UTI patients was determined by agar well diffusion method and then mean zone of inhibition of neem extract was compared with a mean zone of inhibition of gentamycin, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, and cotrimoxazole.Results: Among 200 samples which were included in the study, bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (60%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%), Enterococcus faecalis (5%), Proteus mirabilis (3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (6%). The result obtained was statistically analyzed by unpaired t-test. The difference in the mean diameter of the zone of inhibition between ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves and nitrofurantoin was statistically highly significant for K. pneumoniae (p<0.0001) and P. mirabilis (p=0.01) and insignificant for other bacteria. On comparing, the mean diameter of the zone of inhibition of ethanolic extract of A. indica (neem) leaves with ampicillin and cotrimoxazole, it was found to be statistically highly significant for all bacteria E. coli (p<0.0001), K. pneumoniae (p<0.0001), P. aeruginosa (p<0.0001) E. faecalis (p<0.001), and S. aureus (p<0.0001) expect P. mirabilis. The mean diameter of the zone of inhibition of ethanolic extract of A. indica (neem) leaves when compared with gentamycin was statistically highly significant for all the bacteria.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of A. indica leaves has antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of A. indica leaves is comparable to nitrofurantoin for bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, and S. aureus. Ethanolic extract of A. indica leaves has similar antibacterial activity as ampicillin and cotrimoxazole for bacteria P. mirabilis. The antibacterial activity of gentamycin is less as compared to an ethanolic extract of A. indica leaves for all the bacteria.

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

scholarly journals UJI SITOTOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica) TERHADAP SEL FIBROBLAS BHK 21

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Qurni Restiani ◽  
Mandojo Rukmo ◽  
Devi Eka Juniarti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Alternative Material

Background: The leaves of neem (Azadirachta indicia) is one of herbal medicine that recommended as an alternative material of root canal irrigants. The active ingredients of neem leaves such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids has been proven to have antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. The ideal properties of an alternative material of root canal irrigants is not only have antibacterial activity but also is not toxic to the tissues, but the toxicity of neem leaves remains unclear until now. Objective: The aims of this study to determine the toxicity effect of neem leaves extract in specific concentration. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory in vitro study of baby hamster kidney fibroblast (BHK-21). The neem leaves extract was made by maceration method using ethanol 96% and certain dilution performed to obtain various concentrations. Cytotoxicity test was conducted by MTT assay and the optical density was measured using ELISA reader at wavelength of 620 nm. Then, the optical density values were calculated using the formula for determining the number of survival fibroblasts after tested. Results: The percentage of survival fibroblast at concentration of 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95, and 100% in sequence were 71.3%, 64, 2%, 62%, 60.2%, 40.1%, 36.3%, 36.7%, 29%, 28.4%, 27.5%, and 25.6% . Conclusion: The extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) has cytotoxic effects at concentration of 70% up to 100%.

scholarly journals Investigating In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Plants Having Folkloric Repute in Ethiopian Traditional Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1988627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Sisay ◽  
Negussie Bussa ◽  
Tigist Gashaw ◽  
Getnet Mengistu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Slow Development

Medicinal plants are targeted in the search for new antimicrobial agents. Nowadays, there is an alarmingly increasing antimicrobial resistance to available agents with a very slow development of new antimicrobials. It is, therefore, necessary to extensively search for new agents based on the traditional use of herbal medicines as potential source. The antibacterial activity of 80% methanol extracts of the leaves of Verbena officinalis (Vo-80ME), Myrtus communis (Mc-80ME), and Melilotus elegans (Me-80ME) was tested against 6 bacterial isolates using agar well diffusion technique. In each extract, 3 concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 mg/well were tested for each bacterium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. Vo-80ME and Mc-80ME exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the highest zone of inhibition being 18.67 and 26.16 mm, respectively at concentration of 40 mg/well. Regarding gram-negative bacteria, Vo-80ME exhibited an appreciable activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Mc-80ME displayed remarkable activity against all isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the maximum zone of inhibition being 22.83 mm. Me-80ME exhibited better antibacterial activity against E coli, but its secondary metabolites had little or no activity against other gram-negative isolates. The MIC values of Vo-80ME ranged from 0.16 to 4.00 mg/mL. The lowest MIC was observed in Mc-80ME, with the value being 0.032 mg/mL. Mc-80ME had bactericidal activity against all tested bacterial isolates. Mc-80ME showed remarkable zone of inhibitions in all tested bacterial isolates. Besides, Vo-80ME showed good antibacterial activity against S aureus, E coli, and S typhi. Conversely, Me-80ME has shown good activity against E coli only. Generally, M communis L and V officinalis have good MIC and MBC results.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SEEDPOD AND QUERCETIN OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Ruvanthika Pn ◽  
Manikandan S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether ethanolic extracts of Nelumbo nucifera (EENN) seedpod and quercetin (active component of NN) possess antibacterial proprieties against Gram (-) bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Antibacterial activities of EENN seedpod and quercetin were investigated using disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as S. aureus. Results: The antibacterial activity of both EENN seedpod and quercetin was found to be increased in dose-dependent manner. The maximum zone of inhibition was exhibited by both EENN seedpod and quercetin against E. coli (14 mm and 15 mm) and P. aeruginosa (13 mm and 15 mm). Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to the EENN seedpod extract and quercetin than Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the effect of EENN seedpod and quercetin against the tested bacteria in vitro may contribute to the in vivo activities of the EENN seedpod and quercetin.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BAWANG DAYAK (ELEUTHERINE SP.) AND TAWAS UT (AMPELOCISSUS SP.) FROM CENTRAL KALIMANTAN AGAINST PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
SYAHRIDA DIAN ARDHANY
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Vitro Effect

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate phytochemical screenings and the in vitro effect antibacterial of BD (Eleutherine Sp.) and TU (Ampelocissus Sp.) against Propionibacterium acnes.Methods: The antibacterial activity was investigated against Propionibacterium acnes by well diffusion method.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screenings of BD ethanolic extract were found positive alkaloid, saponin, tannins, and steroid while TUpositive flavonoid, saponin, tannins, steroid, and triterpenoid. Antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes of ethanolic extract BD with concentration 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml showed the zone of inhibition 3.23 mm and 7.8 mm with category weak activity while ethanolic extract TU with same concentration showed zone of inhibition 10 mm (weak activity) and 16.3 mm (moderate activity) which mean ethanolic extract TU have better antibacterial activity. A combination ethanolic extract of both with variant ratio showed a zone of inhibition 6.7 mm (1:1), 3.9 mm (1:2), and 3.63 mm (2:1).Conclusion: In this present study showed the highest potential antibacterial activity against propionibacterium acnes is an ethanolic extract of TU and The best ratio combination is 1:1. Furthermore, this study needs more research with variant concentration so that may be possible to be used as natural anti-acne formulations.

scholarly journals Phytochemical And Antibacterial Activityof Leave Extracts Of Guiera Senegalensis Lam On Selected Species Of Gram Positive And Gram Negative Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Mamman ◽  
MA Isa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Guiera Senegalensis

The aim of this study was to determine the preliminary phytochemical component and antibacterial activity of the leaves extract of Guiera senegalensis lam (Combretaceae) against three clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella species) using standard method of analysis. The test for phytochemical component revealed the presence of alkaloid, anthraquinolones, tannin and phlobatanins. The result of antibacterial activity showed that the ethanolic extract exhibit higher zone of inhibition against all the clinical isolates, with E. coli and Klebsiella species showed zone of inhibition of 35mm followed Staphylococcus aureus 30mm. Similarly, both aqueous and methanolic extract were sensitive to all the clinical isolate except Klebsiella species which showed resistance to the methanolic extract of the leaves. The results obtained in this research imply that the leaves extract of Guiera senegalensis lam could be useful in the treatment of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella species. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 262-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9226

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of the Crude Extracts of the Leaves of Carica papaya Linn (Pawpaw) and Psidium guajava Linn (Guava)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Alexander ◽  
Ismaila Yada Sudi ◽  
Martin Tizhe
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Active Inhibition ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Alternative Antibiotic

Psidium Guajava (Guava) and Carica Papaya leaves which have some ethnomedicinal applications were investigated. Phytochemical screening of their leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and glycosides. Antimicrobial screening of the crude ethanolic extracts showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for P. gujava on the organism was found to be 5.00 mg/ml against S. aureus, E. coli and S. faecalis, while that of C. papaya leaves is 10.00 mg/ml against S. aureus, E. coli and 8.00 mg/ml against S. faecalis respectively. C. papaya ethanolic extract showed more active inhibition against S. aureus with mean zone inhibition of 9.54 ± 0.03.  P.   gujava ethanolic extract has more active inhibition against E. coli with antibacterial activity with mean zone of inhibition of 10.44±0.02 and S. faecalis with mean zone of inhibition of 6.72 ± 0.01 respectively.  This study showed that the leaves extract of these plants are good sources of bioactive compounds. Demonstration of antibacterial activity against the test isolates is an indication that there is possibility of sourcing alternative antibiotic substances in these plants for the production of newer antibacterial agents. These plants therefore, could be an important source of medicine for the treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals In Vitro comparison in the antimicrobial effect between Ciprofloxacin and Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) on Escherichia coli Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Quazi Rubyath Banna ◽  
Badar Uddin Umar ◽  
S M Niazur Rahman ◽  
Tanbira Alam ◽  
Kazi Selim Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: Medicinal plants remain in vogue to treat some diseases in lower socio-economic communities, despite the availability of antimicrobials, often. Majority of rural Bangladeshi and tribal people being grossly illiterate and ignorant, use various herbs to treat a wide range of diseases. Of several medicinal-plants, neem is reported to have enormous impact in treating inflammation and infections. We, therefore, compared the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic neem leave extract (ENLE) on Escherichia coli (E. coli), with that of Ciprofloxacin. Materials & Methods: This experimental study compared the in vitro antimicrobial activity between ENLE and Ciprofloxacin on E. coli carried out in Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics of SS-Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Antimicrobial efficacy of ENLE and ciprofloxacin (5µg; Oxoid, UK) was determined against E. coli following minimum inhibitory concentration. By filtration and evaporation of Neem leaves ENLE was prepared. Antibiotic Sensitivity Test was performed on Muller-Hinton agar using a twofold serial dilution. Results: ENLE showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli at the concentration of 3.125 mg/ml. Antibacterial susceptibility of E. coli was performed on MHA and diameters of zone of inhibition by both ENLE and Ciprofloxacin were measured after overnight aerobic incubation at 37°C. Diameter of zone of inhibition against E. coli was 28 ± 0.16 mm with ENLE, 36 ± 0.07 mm with Ciprofloxacin (5µg/disk) (p<0.000). Conclusion: Findings of this preliminary in-vitro experiment though suggests that, ENLE against E. coli showed limited efficacy, better efficacy of Ciprofloxacin cannot be ruled out unless further in depth studies elucidates stronger evidences to support it.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.172-177

scholarly journals Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) frente a bacterias nosocomiales en Montería, Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Méndez Álvarez ◽  
Alberto Angulo Ortíz ◽  
Orfa Contreras Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Future Research ◽  
E Coli

Bacterial resistance is a growing health problem worldwide that has serious economic and social impacts, compromising public health, and the therapeutic action of current antibiotics. Therefore, the search for new compounds with antimicrobial properties is relevant in modern studies, particularly against bacteria of clinical interest. In the present study, in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract and essential oil of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) was evaluated against nosocomial bacteria, using the microdilution method. Escherichia coli strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp. were used, Salmonella sp. and Bacillus sp., isolated from nosocomial infections in a hospital in the city of Monteria and reference strains of S. aureus ATCC 43300, S. aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC 25923, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 25922 and K. pneumonia ATCC 700603. The ethanol extract antibacterial profile was more efficient at higher concentrations (1 000 ppm), obtaining significant percentages of reduction of more than 50 % against K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and a clinical isolate of E. coli; while compared to Bacillus clinical isolate, was more active than the essential oil. For the rest of microorganisms, the reduction percentages obtained at a concentration of 1 000 ppm varied between 17 and 42 % with ethanolic extract, and 8 to 43 % with essential oil. At concentrations of 100 and 500 ppm antibacterial activity of the extracts was lower. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract and essential oil of C. longa rhizomes have active compounds with antibacterial properties that could be used in future research as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of infections caused by nosocomial pathogens.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Two Flavans from the Stem Bark of Embelia schimperi

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Babe Guyasa ◽  
Yadessa Melaku ◽  
Milkyas Endale
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli

Embelia schemperi Vatke is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of intestinal tape worm, dysmenorrheal, bacterial, and fungal infections. Phytochemical screening test of the dichloromethane/methanol (1 : 1) and methanol extracts revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids whereas terpenoids, glycoside, and phytosterols were absent. Silica gel column chromatographic separation of the methanol extract afforded 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavan, named epicatechin (1), along with a close flavan derivative (2). Structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis). The crude extracts and isolated compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, Shigella dysentriae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Epicatechin (1) exhibited comparable antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli (15 and 12 mm zone of inhibition, resp.) to that of the control antibiotic gentamicin, with zone of inhibition of 15 and 12 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 20 µg/mL.

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