scholarly journals STANDARDISATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF TRADITIONAL FORMULATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Sri Kamatchi Priya Ramamoorthy ◽  
Diwakar Manickam ◽  
Samu Subramaniam ◽  
Shyama Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Characteristic Odour

Objective: The main objective of this study is to standardise and evaluate traditional formulation both qualitatively and quantitatively on the basis of organoleptic characteristics, physical characteristics, physiochemical properties and phytochemical screening.Methods: Traditional formulation (TF) containing seven traditionally used herbs were collected from local areas and market. The plants were washed, air-dried and coarsely powdered. The aqueous extract was prepared as per literature, and various physiochemical, phytochemical screening was done.Results: The organoleptic character shows the drug with greenish colour, slightly bitter taste and characteristic odour. The physiochemical properties show the appropriate pH and the solubility of TF. Secondary metabolites like phenolic compounds and flavonoids are present abundantly in aqueous extract than in other extracts.Conclusion: Our studies suggests that TF contains medicinally important secondary metabolites which has disease protective properties. This study will help in the progression of a suitable monograph, determining the quality and purity of a crude extract and laying down pharmacopoeia standards for the formulation.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Characterization, Hepatoprotective Activity on Alcohol-Induced Toxicity of the Aqueous Extract of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-149
Author(s):  
Ameaka Fatima Nkempu ◽  
Tembe Estella ◽  
Tchadji Mayoudom Vanessa Edwige ◽  
Bayaga Herve ◽  
Dobgima John Fonmboh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

Introduction: Liver or hepatic disease refers to different conditions that affect the liver. Chronic alcohol consumption is one of the most frequent causes of liver disease and accounts for about 55% of liver cirrhosis deaths recorded in Cameroon in 2020. Standard accessible treatments focus on end-stage liver disease with safety and efficacy obstacles. We have a research gap in Cameroon to understand the alternative use of natural products as treatment with a long traditional history of safe use. Curcuma longa has long been a source of traditional and modern medicine. It is commonly used in Cameroon as a spice and herbal product with some level of activity against various forms of liver disease. Objective: To phytochemically screen for bioactive metabolites and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of Curcuma longaon alcohol-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Methods: Phytochemical screening was carried out on the aqueous extract obtainedfrom maceration of plant rhizomes. Three doses (125, 250 and 500mg/Kg) of the plant extract and the reference (Silymarin 50mg/Kg) were administered daily (p.o) to rats 30 min before administration of 40% alcohol (2mL/100g p.o) for 21 days. Biochemical parameters such as ALAT, ASAT, GGT, Bilirubin and Lipid profile were quantified and histological studies of the liverwas carried out using standard procedures. Results: Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of C. longa revealed polyphenols such as flavonoids, tannins, quinones, saponins and phlobatanins. The plant showed hepatoprotective activity by decreasing liver toxicity markers such as ASAT, ALAT, GGT and Bilirubin. Histology revealed dose-dependent protection with 500 mg/Kg showing the most cellular integrity, no central vein occlusion and minimal fibrosis. Conclusion: This study indicated the presence of polyphenols like flavonoids and tannins in the aqueous extract of C. longa. The presence of these secondary metabolites in the studied extract justifies its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties confirmed by its hepatoprotective effects on alcohol-induced toxicity. This was clearly shown by biochemical and histological parameters. More sensitive and specific methods are required to test for these secondary metabolites in serum.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF THE ANTIHYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY OF THE CAKE OF SAFOU (DACRYODES EDULIS) IN RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Arrisson Aka Roger Roland Ano ◽  
◽  
Emmanuel Ndri Koffi ◽  
Kacou Jules Marius Djetouan ◽  
Louise Ocho-Anin Atchibri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

Safou (Dacryodes edulis) is consumed by the Ivorian population for its therapeutic virtues. The present study aims to make known the phytochemical composition and antihypercholesterolemic activity of safou cake. For this, phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of the pulp cake of the safou was carried out. In addition, the antihypercholesterolemic activity of cake was tested in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Results obtained indicate that the aqueous extract of cake contains secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, polyterpenes and sterols and alkaloids. Moreover, this extract allowed, at a dose of 300 mg / kg of PC, to decrease the blood concentration of compounds such as VLDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol and total lipids.On the other hand, at a dose of 100 mg / kg of PC of this extract, the blood level of HDL-C increased significantly in hypercholesterolemic rats (PË‚0.05). This study confirms the antihypercholesterolemic activity of safou cake.Therefore, safou cake could be used to prevent oxidative stress, arterosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes and ischemic cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF ACACIA ARABICA BARK

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra A. Deshmukh ◽  
Madhuri A. Theng
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Acacia Arabica

The study includes phytochemical screening and quantification of primary and secondary metabolites like chlorophyll, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, phenol, tannin and flavonoids from Acacia arabica bark. For these purpose aqueous extract of bark was prepared by “Soxhlet extraction method”. The result of these study suggests that the Acacia arabica bark in which presence of primary and secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES PRESENT IN PIPER CUBEBA

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
NIRMALA NITHYA R ◽  
SAI NANDHINI R
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Objective: Bioactive compounds like phytochemicals are extracted mainly from plants, as they serve as traditional herbal medicine. The secondary metabolite such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds serve as natural antioxidants and has been widely used due to its therapeutic applications. The objective of this study was to do preliminary phytochemical screening of the spice Piper cubeba. Methods: Totally, three solvents were used to prepare the extract. Of all the three extracts used, methanolic extract showed higher release of secondary metabolites when compared to ethyl acetate and hexane extract. Further quantitative analysis was carried out with the methanolic extract. Results: The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins was observed. A significant result such as 1040 μg of Gallic acid equivalent/g of total concentration of flavonoid and 1280 μg of quercetin equivalent/g of total phenolic content was obtained.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HARDWIKIA BINATA (ROXB.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 256-258
Author(s):  
Varsha D. Hutke ◽  
Vaishali Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
The Family

The genus Hardwickia of the family Caesalpiniaceae is represented by a single species Hardwickia binata Roxb. The present study deals with screening of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of different extracts of leaf and bark of Hardwickia binata. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites viz. alkaloids, saponins, phenolics compound, tannins, phenols and steroids. Both leaf and bark extracts scavenged free radicals signicantly. Whereas aqueous extract of bark and ethanol extract of leaf exhibited good antioxidant property

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ELEMENTAL AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP ANALYSIS OF VITEX NEGUNDO L. LEAVES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Pawar ◽  
Vanita Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites

Objective: To analyse elemental profile, evaluate functional groups and find out phytochemical constituents of Vitex negundo L. leaves.Methods: Determination of primary and secondary metabolites for various extracts by qualitative methods. Elemental analysis was carried out by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique and the functional groups have been determined by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique.Results: Soluble extractive percentage of material has been found the maximum in the aqueous extract (6.75%) followed by methanolic extract (4.35%) and acetone extract (1.8%). Phytochemical screening of material revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids, cardiac and anthraquinone glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. The elemental analysis revealed Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Li, B, Al, P, Cd, As, Ba, and Hg. FTIR technique was used to identify various functional groups present in three different extracts of the material.Conclusion: The phytochemical screening of three different extracts of the material showed the presence of most of the primary and secondary metabolites in aqueous and methanolic extract than acetone extract. The soluble extractive value was found the maximum in aqueous extract hence aqueous extract is most effective for studying the pharmacological activity of this plant. Elemental analysis showed the presence of trace elements in sufficient concentrations and traces of heavy and toxic metals. The FTIR study revealed the presence of essential functional groups in three different extracts of the material. The present investigation is most essential to discover innovative, dynamic and novel drugs for curing various newly emerged dangerous health problems.

Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Cotula cinerea (Del) in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1504-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Amssayef ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cotula Cinerea

Aims: The current investigation aimed to assess the antioxidant, antidiabetic and antilipidemic effects of the aqueous extract of aerial part of Cotula cinerea (C. cinerea). Background: Cotula cinerea (Del). which belongs to the Asteraceae family is commonly used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the effect of the aqueous C. cinerea extract on glucose and lipid metabolism in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using a single and repeated oral administration. Methods: A preliminary phytochemical screening and the quantification of phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as the antioxidant activity using three methods (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS) were carried out. The effect of a single and repeated (15 days of treatment) oral administration of the aqueous extract of aerial part of Cotula cinerea (AEAPCC) at a dose of 20 mg/kg on glucose and lipid profile was examined in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, histopathological examination of the pancreas and liver was carried out according to the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Results: AEAPCC (20 mg/kg) showed a significant blood glucose-lowering activity in both normal and diabetic rats after a single and repeated oral administration during 15 days. The aqueous extract was also able to decrease the plasma triglycerides levels in both normal and diabetic rats after 15 days of oral treatment at a dose of 20 mg/Kg while no effect was observed on plasma cholesterol levels. In addition, the results show that AEAPCC exhibits an in vitro antioxidant activity using different tests. Histopathological analysis of the pancreas and liver of AEAPCC-treated diabetic rats has revealed that AEAPCC had a beneficial effect on the architecture of these organs while no improvement of glucose tolerance was noticed using the glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, the results showed that the extract is rich in several phytochemical compounds and exhibited an important antioxidant activity. The phytochemical screening revealed that AEAPCC contains polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, quinones, sterols, terpenoids, anthroquinones and reducing sugars. Whereas, it is free from glycosides. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Cotula cinerea possesses a beneficial effect on diabetes. Further investigations are required to study the mechanism of action of the antidiabetic effect of this plant.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Hulls of Campsiandra laurifolia in Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Lucas Petitemberte de Souza ◽  
Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann ◽  
Sandielly Rebeca Benitez da Fonseca ◽  
Marilda da Silva Brasil ◽  
Norma Anair Possa Marroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Anal Pressure ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sphincter Anal

AbstractDue to the ethnopharmacological use of Campsiandra laurifolia (Fabaceae), popularly known as Acapurana, to treat wounds and ulcers, associated with the lack of alternative treatments for intestinal inflammations such as ulcerative colitis (UC), the present work sought to characterize its phytochemical and antioxidant activities, and to evaluate remedial action in experimental colitis with acetic acid. Phytochemical analyzes were performed through qualitative and quantitative colorimetric tests of the main secondary metabolites. In the colitis model, 24 male Wistar rats aged ± 60 days old were used, divided into 4 groups: Control (CO) control + aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CO + A50); Colitis (CL); and Colitis + aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CL + A50). Measurement of sphincter anal pressure and histological tests of the large intestine, lipoperoxidation (LPO), enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of glutathione (GSH) were performed. For statistical analysis, the oxidative stress (OS) results were expressed as means ± standard error, adopting a significance level of p < 0.05. The screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the extract, with high levels of phenolic compounds and tannins, and was related to high antioxidant capacity. In the histological analysis, the CL group presented loss of the crypts, edema and inflammatory infiltrate. The use of C. laurifolia extract restructured the crypts, decreased edema and increased sphincter anal pressure, with a decrease in LPO, SOD, and an increase in GSH. It is suggested that the use of C. laurifolia extract reduces OS due to its antioxidant power conferred by the phenolic compounds present in the extract.

scholarly journals Evolution of Flavors in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Shelf-Life

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Paula Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
Cecilia Jimenez-Lopez ◽  
Catarina Lourenço-Lopes ◽  
Franklin Chamorro ◽  
Antia Gonzalez Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Olive Variety ◽  
Minor Compounds

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most distinctive ingredients of the Mediterranean diet. There are many properties related to this golden ingredient, from supreme organoleptic characteristics to benefits for human health. EVOO contains in its composition molecules capable of exerting bioactivities such as cardio protection, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activity, among others, mainly caused by unsaturated fatty acids and certain minor compounds such as tocopherols or phenolic compounds. EVOO is considered the highest quality vegetable oil, which also implies a high sensory quality. The organoleptic properties related to the flavor of this valued product are also due to the presence of a series of compounds in its composition, mainly some carbonyl compounds found in the volatile fraction, although some minor compounds such as phenolic compounds also contribute. However, these properties are greatly affected by the incidence of certain factors, both intrinsic, such as the olive variety, and extrinsic, such as the growing conditions, so that each EVOO has a particular flavor. Furthermore, these flavors are susceptible to change under the influence of other factors throughout the oil's shelf-life, such as oxidation or temperature. This work offers a description of some of the most remarkable compounds responsible for EVOO’s unique flavor and aroma, the factors affecting them, the mechanism that lead to the degradation of EVOO, and how flavors can be altered during the shelf-life of the oil, as well as several strategies suggested for the preservation of this flavor, on which the quality of the product also depends.

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