Impact of acacia arabica topical gel on skin wound healing: An experimental study

Aim of the study: To estimate the influence of Acacia Arabica gel abstract on skin wound healing. Material and method: 28male adult rabbits were included, 2 incisions of 1cm length were made on the skin of the rabbit’s back, one is treated by acacia gel while another left for normal healing, histopathological examination was done at 24h, 3, 7 and 14 days intervals. Results: The inflammatory reactions showed no significant results for both the control group and the study group during the study intervals. Granulation tissue in the control group was absent after 24h but increased to become profound after 7 days then become moderate, while the study group showed scanty granulation tissue from the first day and increased through study intervals. Re-epithelialization mean scores in the study group were higher than control one. Conclusions: Acacia arabica has the efficacy of hastening the wound healing process.

Biofabrication of ZnO nanoparticles using Acacia arabica leaf extract and their antibiofilm and antioxidant potential against foodborne pathogens

Emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens is increasing globally at an alarming rate with a need to discover novel and effective methods to cope infections due to these pathogens. Green nanoparticles have gained attention to be used as efficient therapeutic agents because of their safety and reliability. In the present study, we prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from aqueous leaf extract of Acacia arabica. The nanoparticles produced were characterized through UV-Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. In vitro antibacterial susceptibility testing against foodborne pathogens was done by agar well diffusion, growth kinetics and broth microdilution assays. Effect of ZnO NPs on biofilm formation (both qualitatively and quantitatively) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was also determined. Antioxidant potential of green synthesized nanoparticles was detected by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The cytotoxicity studies of nanoparticles were also performed against HeLa cell lines. The results revealed that diameter of zones of inhibition against foodborne pathogens was found to be 16–30 nm, whereas the values of MIC and MBC ranged between 31.25–62.5 μg/ml. Growth kinetics revealed nanoparticles bactericidal potential after 3 hours incubation at 2 × MIC for E. coli while for S. aureus and S. enterica reached after 2 hours of incubation at 2 × MIC, 4 × MIC, and 8 × MIC. 32.5–71.0% inhibition was observed for biofilm formation. Almost 50.6–65.1% (wet weight) and 44.6–57.8% (dry weight) of EPS production was decreased after treatment with sub-inhibitory concentrations of nanoparticles. Radical scavenging potential of nanoparticles increased in a dose dependent manner and value ranged from 19.25 to 73.15%. Whereas cytotoxicity studies revealed non-toxic nature of nanoparticles at the concentrations tested. The present study suggests that green synthesized ZnO NPs can substitute chemical drugs against antibiotic resistant foodborne pathogens.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Wound Healing Paste From Babool Tree Gum

Herbal medicines Have been the basis of treatment and cure for various diseases and physiological conditions in traditional Methods of practice such as Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha. A large fraction of the world population, especially in The developing and underdeveloped countries still depends mainly on the traditional system of medicine. The use of plants and plant products in medicines is getting Popularized because the herbal medicines are cheap, easily available and have natural origin with higher safety Margins and lesser or no side effects. In Unani system of medicine Babool (Acacia Arabica) is considered as Plant having medicinal properties on various system of human body. Different parts of the plant including Bark, Root, gum, leaves, pod and seeds have medicinal properties. The present review is an attempt to highlight the Various ethnobotanical and Unani traditional uses as well as phytochemical and pharmacological reports on Acacia arabica to which commonly known as Babool.

Mechanical Property, Thermal Stability and BioDegradability Studies on PLA based Bio-Nanocomposites derived from Agricultural Residues

Looking at the environmental hazards being posed by indiscriminate use of synthetic plastics, abundant research is being done to explore various bio-degradable polymers. In the present study, Cellulose Nano Fibers (CNFs) were extracted from Pineapple Crown using mechano chemical treatment, PLA was synthesized by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation using cellulase enzyme on Acacia Arabica as substrate. Further, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by using different precursors. The biocomposite sheets of PLA, PLA+ 5%-20% CNFs, PLA+5% ZnO+5-20 % CNFs and PLA+10% ZnO+5-20 % CNFs were solvent casted. Microbial efficacy test was done using E.coli and with inclusion of ZnO nanoparticles the microbial resistance has increased. Noteworthy vibration band of the sheets were observed in the wavelength range of 3700 to 2800 cm-1 from the FTIR analysis, which shows that there is only a physical interaction rather than chemical. The crystallinity increased for initial concentration, but was similar to the neat PLA. Significant increase in tensile strength and maximum elongation at break was observed in PLA + 5% ZnO + 10% CNFs sheet. Sheets were allowed to degrade naturally and significant weight loss was observed after 120 days with maximum reduction of 38.4 %. Morphological analysis through SEM revealed the uniform distribution of fillers in the polymer matrix. TGA studies have shown that the degradation temperatures were in the range of 320-405oC. The thermal stability decreased with the increase in ZnO concentration. The results have shown a promising and sustainable use in various applications in view of microbial resistance and bio-degradability.

Phytoproduct, Arabic Gum and Opophytum forsskalii Seeds for Bio-Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Capabilities

The application of biological materials in synthesizing nanoparticles has become significant issue in nanotechnology. This research was designed to assess biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated using two aqueous extracts of Acacia arabica (Arabic Gum) (A-AgNPs) and Opophytum forsskalii (Samh) seed (O-AgNPs), which were used as reducing and capping agents in the NPs development, respectively. The current study is considered as the first report for AgNP preparation using Opophytum forsskalii extract. The dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to analyze the size and morphology of the biogenic AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were used to identify the possible phyto-components of plant extracts. The phyto-fabricated NPs were assessed for their antibacterial activity and also when combined with some antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and their anticandidal ability against Candida albicans using an agar well diffusion test. Furthermore, cytotoxicity against LoVo cancer cell lines was studied. The results demonstrated the capability of the investigated plant extracts to change Ag+ ions into spherical AgNPs with average size diameters of 91 nm for the prepared O-AgNPs and 75 nm for A-AgNPs. The phyto-fabricated AgNPs presented substantial antimicrobial capabilities with a zone diameter in the range of 10–29.3 mm. Synergistic effects against all tested strains were observed when the antibiotic and phyto-fabricated AgNPs were combined and assessed. The IC50 of the fabricated O-AgNPs against LoVo cancer cell lines was 28.32 μg/mL. Ten and four chemical components were identified in Acacia arabica (Arabic Gum) and Opophytum forsskalii seed extracts, respectively, by GC-MS that are expected as NPs reducing and capping agents. Current results could lead to options for further research, such as investigating the internal mechanism of AgNPs in bacteria, Candida spp., and LoVo cancer cell lines as well as identifying specific molecules with a substantial impact as metal-reducing agents and biological activities.

Identification of Multiple Pancreatic and Extra-Pancreatic Pathways Underlying the Glucose-Lowering Actions of Acacia arabica Bark in Type-2 Diabetes and Isolation of Active Phytoconstituents

Acacia arabica is used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes. This study elucidated the antidiabetic actions of A. arabica bark together with the isolation of bioactive molecules. Insulin secretion and signal transduction were measured using clonal β cells and mouse islets. Glucose uptake was assessed using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and in vitro systems assessed additional glucose-lowering actions. High-fat-fed (HFF) obese rats were used for in vivo evaluation, and phytoconstituents were isolated and characterised by RP-HPLC followed by LC-MS and NMR. Hot-water extract of A. arabica (HWAA) increased insulin release from clonal β cells and mouse islets by 1.3–6.8-fold and 1.6–3.2-fold, respectively. Diazoxide, verapamil and calcium-free conditions decreased insulin-secretory activity by 30–42%. In contrast, isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), tolbutamide and 30 mM KCl potentiated the insulin-secretory effects. The mechanism of actions of HWAA involved membrane depolarisation and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ together with an increase in glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes, inhibition of starch digestion, glucose diffusion, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme activity and protein glycation. Acute HWAA administration (250 mg/5 mL/kg) enhanced glucose tolerance and plasma insulin in HFF obese rats. Administration of HWAA (250 mg/5 mL/kg) for 9 days improved glucose homeostasis and β-cell functions, thereby improving glycaemic control, and circulating insulin. Isolated phytoconstituents, including quercetin and kaempferol, increased insulin secretion in vitro and improved glucose tolerance. The results indicate that HWAA has the potential to treat type 2 diabetes as a dietary supplement or as a source of antidiabetic agents, including quercetin and kaempferol.