scholarly journals ANTI-TUBERCULAR ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT AND COUMPOUNDS OF NONI (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA LINN)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novie E. Mauliku ◽  
Hendro W. ◽  
Suharyo Hadi Saputro ◽  
Tri N. Kristina
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antitubercular Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negative Controls

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antitubercular activity of extracts and compounds isolated of Morinda citrofolia Linn (noni) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (H37Rv) with a dose of 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml. Methods: The noni fruits was extracted using 96% ethanol. A crude ethanol extract of noni tested by phytochemical fractionation to obtain flavonoids, alkaloids, scopoletin, and anthraquinone. Extract and active compounds of noni testing antibacterial activity against tuberculosis (H37RV) bacterial with a dose of 10 mg / ml, 20 mg / ml, 30 mg / ml and 40 mg / ml. This study was performed in vitro with laboratory-based experimental study. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance.Results: Compounds of noni shown to have antitubercular activity in inhibiting the growth of MDR TB bacteria at various doses compared to controls (p = 0.00). The mean number of bacterial colonies on the MDR TB crude ethanol extract (59.0± 60.51), alkaloids (64.8 ± 49.36), anthraquinone (69.5 ± 50.40), flavonoids (72.9 ± 58.7), scopoletin (95.9 ± 33.3) and negative controls (189.3 ± 35.19). Crude extract, alkaloids, anthraquinones, and flavonoid have highly bactericidal inhibition than scopoletin and negative control. The exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against M. Tuberculosis on the compound of the noni fruit is at a dose of 40 mg / ml Conclusion: All compounds and extract of noni fruits represents a potent active anti-TB against M. tuberculosis strains. An crude extract of  noni was the most active compound against M. tuberculosis strains (H37RV). 

scholarly journals Pharmacological and Phytochemical Screenings of Ethanol Extract of Etlingera linguiformis (Roxb.) R.M.Sm. Growing in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Arafat Hossan ◽  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Md Qamrul Ahsan ◽  
Fahima Aktar ◽  
Md Ruhul Kuddus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Activity Test

The present study was conducted to investigate the bio-activities of ethanol extract of Etlingera linguiformis (Roxb.) R.M.Sm. as well as to determine the chemical profiles of the extract. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the crude extract were evaluated by the disc diffusion method against 4 Gram positive and 7 Gram negative pathogenic bacteria and 7 fungi using Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole as standards, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the serial dilution method. The anti-atherothrombosis activity was assessed by using Streptokinase (SK) as standard. Moreover, the in-vitro anti-inflammatory and membrane stablization tests were performed. In the anti-bacterial and antifungal activity test, the zones of inhibition were found within the range of 10.0-15.0 and 10.0-22.0 mm, respectively. The highest zone of inhibition was obtained against Bacillus cereus (15.0 mm) and Blastomyces dermatitidis (22.0 mm). In the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test the crude extract inhibited the growth of Blastomyces dermatitidis significantly at 31.2 ?g/ml. In the anti-atherothrombosis activity test, the extract revealed moderate clot lysis by 15.15%. Moreover, the extract produced inhibition of protein denaturation and haemolysis by 34% and 38.98% in the in vitro antiinflammatory and membrane stablization tests. Preliminary phytochemical screenings of the crude extractives demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, steroids, tannins, reducing sugars and gums. The extract also exhibited good biological activities. Therefore, the plant should be subjected to systematic bioactivity guided isolation in order to obtain the active molecules. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14488 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(1): 33-37, 2013

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB. ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE VIABILITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUINIS DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
FARIDA ERVINTARI ◽  
RIA PUSPITAWATI ◽  
SRI UTAMI
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Negative Controls

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol Curcuma extract on the viability of S. mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis in a dualspeciesin vitro biofilm model.Methods: Dual-species biofilms of S. mutans and S. sanguinis were exposed to ethanol Curcuma extract at various concentrations. The sample ofsaliva was gathered from healthy volunteers. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as a positive control, and bacterial culture without intervention servedas a negative control. The total suspensions of 10−as were prepared for S. mutans and S. sanguinis cells. The bacteria were incubated for 20 h (activematuration phase) and 24 h (maturation phase).Results: The result showed decreased S. mutans and S. sanguinis viability after exposure to 0.2%–25% Curcuma ethanol extracts during the activeaccumulation and maturation phases. The decrease in bacterial viability was significantly different in all concentrations of Curcuma ethanol extractscompared with negative controls (p<0.05) in the active accumulation and maturation phases.Conclusion: Temulawak ethanol extract (starting at 0.2%) can decrease the viability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis in a dual species in vitro biofilmmodel during the accumulation and maturation phases.

scholarly journals The extract of kemangi leaves as inhibitor of biofilm from Staphylococcus aureus in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Putu Sri Maharani Utami ◽  
Noorhamdani Noorhamdani ◽  
Masruroh Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
The Mean

Biofilm is a mechanism of bacterial defense against antimicrobials that can cause resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is a biofilm-producing bacteria and the most often cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Therefore, efforts are needed to prevent the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Basil leaves are herbal plants that contain eugenol and tannin compounds, which are thought to inhibit the formation of biofilms. This research is a laboratory experimental study that aims to prove the effect of basil leaves ethanol extract (Ocimum sanctum) on the establishment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms with in vitro method and determine the minimum inhibitory biofilm concentration needed. In this study, the tube method with 7 different concentrations was used. The results of biofilm ring formation obtained and measured quantitatively using Mean Gray Value in Adobe Photoshop CS6. From the study’s results, is found that the increase in extract concentration is directly proportional to the thinning of the biofilm ring on the tube with a minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm at a concentration of 30%. The Pearson correlation test showed a very strong and significant correlation (r = 0.898, p = 0,000), and the Oneway ANOVA comparison test known a significant difference among the mean of each group (p = 0,000). From these results it can be known that the ethanol extract Ocimum sanctum can inhibit the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro.

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ionic degradation and slot corrosion of metallic brackets by the action of different dentifrices

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Gustavo Antônio Martins Brandão ◽  
Rafael Menezes Simas ◽  
Leandro Moreira de Almeida ◽  
Juliana Melo da Silva ◽  
Marcelo de Castro Meneghim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Surface Polishing ◽  
Aluminium Ion ◽  
Negative Controls

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro ionic degradation and slot base corrosion of metallic brackets subjected to brushing with dentifrices, through analysis of chemical composition by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and qualitative analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Thirty eight brackets were selected and randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 7). Two groups (n = 5) worked as positive and negative controls. Simulated orthodontic braces were assembled using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wires and elastomeric rings. The groups were divided according to surface treatment: G1 (Máxima Proteção Anticáries®); G2 (Total 12®); G3 (Sensitive®); G4 (Branqueador®); Positive control (artificial saliva) and Negative control (no treatment). Twenty eight brushing cycles were performed and evaluations were made before (T0) and after (T1) experiment. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in ionic concentrations of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) between groups. G2 presented significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion (Al). Groups G3 and G4 presented significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion. The SEM analysis showed increased characteristics indicative of corrosion on groups G2, G3 and G4. CONCLUSION: The EDS analysis revealed that control groups and G1 did not suffer alterations on the chemical composition. G2 presented degradation in the amount of Al ion. G3 and G4 suffered increase in the concentration of Al. The immersion in artificial saliva and the dentifrice Máxima Proteção Anticáries® did not alter the surface polishing. The dentifrices Total 12®, Sensitive® and Branqueador® altered the surface polishing.

scholarly journals Biological and physicochemical stability of ceftazidime and aminophylline on glucose parenteral solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-698
Author(s):  
Carolina Alves dos Santos ◽  
Laura Oliveira-Nascimento ◽  
Marcos Camargo Knirsch ◽  
Marco Antônio Stephano ◽  
Adalberto Pessoa Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability

Ceftazidime is a broad spectrum antibiotic administered mainly by the parenteral route, and it is especially effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The period of time in which serum levels exceed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is an important pharmacodynamic parameter for its efficacy. One of the forms to extend this period is to administer the antibiotic by continuous infusion, after prior dilution in a Parenteral Solution (PS). The present work assessed the stability of ceftazidime in 5% glucose PS for 24 hours, combined or not with aminophylline, through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The physicochemical evaluation was accompanied by in vitro antimicrobial activity compared MIC test in the 24-hour period. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the microorganisms chosen for the MIC comparison. The HPLC analysis confirmed ceftazidime and aminophylline individual stability on PS, while the MIC values were slightly higher than the mean described in the literature. When both drugs were associated in the same PS, the ceftazidime concentration by HPLC decreased 25% after 24 hours. Not only did the MIC values show high loss of antibiotic activity within the same period, but also altered MIC values immediately after the preparation, which was not detected by HPLC. Our results indicate that this drug combination is not compatible, even if used right away, and that PS might not be the best vehicle for ceftazidime, emphasizing the importance of the MIC evaluation for drug interactions.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK PERASAN DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.) TERHADAP Escherichia coli SECARA IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Margareta Retno Priamsari ◽  
Agastia Cicilia Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Water Inhibition

Noni juice can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. Noni juice extraction needs concentration to extract so that the preparation is more stable in the storage process. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity and the amount of the minimum inhibitory concentration of noni juice extract from E. coli bacteria in vitro. This type of experimental research with a completely randomized one-way design. The extract was obtained by concentrating the Noni leaf extract. Extract quality control parameters include organoleptic, yield, drying shrinkage, and qualitative tests of flavonoid and anthraquinone compounds. Antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method with an extract concentration of 1.56%; 3.12%; 6.25%; 12.5%; and 25% with 3 replications. Positive control of amoxicillin and negative control of distilled water. Inhibition is known from the zone formed around the paper disc. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Kruskall Wallis followed by Mann Whitney with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the variation in the concentration of the noni juice extract had a significant effect (p <0.05). The biggest inhibitory zone was seen at 25% concentration of 10.16 mm and included in the strong category. The minimum inhibitory power was produced at a concentration of 3.12% at 2.50 mm with a weak treatment category.

scholarly journals Synergistic anticryptosporidial potential of the combination alpha-1-antitrypsin and paromomycin.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2006-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Forney ◽  
S Yang ◽  
M C Healey
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Serine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Concentration Indices

The combined effect of the serine protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and the aminoglycoside paromomycin on Cryptosporidium parvum infection in vitro was investigated. AAT and paromomycin were mixed with C. parvum oocysts as either single or combined treatments and used to inoculate epithelial cell cultures. Single- and combined-treatment groups had significantly lower (P < 0.01) parasite numbers than untreated controls. The mean fractional inhibitory concentration indices suggested significant synergistic activity.

Effect of Different Intermediary Bases on Microleakage of a Restorative Material in Class II Box Cavities of Primary Teeth

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faika Y. Abdelmegid ◽  
Fouad S. Salama ◽  
Waleed M. Al-Mutairi ◽  
Saud K. Al-Mutairi ◽  
Sultan O. Baghazal
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction The aim of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the effect of different intermediary bases on microleakage between tooth and a nanocomposite interface in Class II box cavities in primary teeth. Methods Standard Class II box cavities were prepared in 52 primary molars and randomly divided into 9 groups according to the intermediary base used (Multicore Flow, Fuji II LC, SDR, Smart Dentin Replacement, and Biodentine). All specimens were subjected to thermocycling and prepared for microleakage testing and evaluation. Results There was significant difference in the mean ranks of microleakage between the 9 groups, which was observed in the gingival side (p<0.0001) and the occlusal side (p<0.0001). The mean ranks microleakage was significantly higher with experimental SDR, experimental Multicore Flow, and positive control materials when compared with the other 6 groups. The microleakage mean ranks were statistically significantly lower in experimental Fuji II LC, experimental Biodentine, and all negative control groups when compared with the other 3 groups. Conclusions Microleakage is affected by the application of intermediate material. Experimental Biodentine and Fuji II LC showed the lowest microleakage while experimental SDR and experimental Multicore Flow showed the highest microleakage.

scholarly journals KULIT BUAH JERUK LIMAU (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Osche) SEBAGAI ANALGESIK

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
R. A. I. K. Maharani ◽  
N. K. Cahyaningsih ◽  
M. D. Abimanyu ◽  
K. W. Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Negative Controls

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the treatment options for relieving pain. However, long-term use can trigger gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, alternative analgesics which have the same therapeutic effect with lower side effects are needed. Limau (Citrus amblycarpa) is an empirical drug for tingling and cramping. The aim of the study is to determine the analgesic activity of ethanol extract of C. amblycarpa fruit peel. The method used in testing analgesic activity is the Hot Plate method. The study was conducted by dividing 30 mice into 6 groups. The group given CMC-Na 1% was used as a negative control, the group given suspension of sodium diclofenac dose of 6.5 mg/kg of body weight was used as a positive control, and the group given suspension of ethanol extract of C. amblycarpa fruit peel with dose variations 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg of body weight. The test animals were placed on top of the Hot Plate with a temperature of 70°C at 30 minutes after giving suspension test and the response time of mice to heat was observed every 30 minutes for 3 hours with cut off time 15 second. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the administration of ethanol extract of C. amblycarpa fruit peel with 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg of body weight gave analgesic activity on mice compared to the negative controls (CMC-Na 1%).   Keywords: C. amblycarpa, Fruit Peel, Analgesics, Hot Plate 

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