scholarly journals The extract of kemangi leaves as inhibitor of biofilm from Staphylococcus aureus in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Putu Sri Maharani Utami ◽  
Noorhamdani Noorhamdani ◽  
Masruroh Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
The Mean

Biofilm is a mechanism of bacterial defense against antimicrobials that can cause resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is a biofilm-producing bacteria and the most often cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Therefore, efforts are needed to prevent the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Basil leaves are herbal plants that contain eugenol and tannin compounds, which are thought to inhibit the formation of biofilms. This research is a laboratory experimental study that aims to prove the effect of basil leaves ethanol extract (Ocimum sanctum) on the establishment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms with in vitro method and determine the minimum inhibitory biofilm concentration needed. In this study, the tube method with 7 different concentrations was used. The results of biofilm ring formation obtained and measured quantitatively using Mean Gray Value in Adobe Photoshop CS6. From the study’s results, is found that the increase in extract concentration is directly proportional to the thinning of the biofilm ring on the tube with a minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm at a concentration of 30%. The Pearson correlation test showed a very strong and significant correlation (r = 0.898, p = 0,000), and the Oneway ANOVA comparison test known a significant difference among the mean of each group (p = 0,000). From these results it can be known that the ethanol extract Ocimum sanctum can inhibit the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) Paste against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Burger Patties

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Selvia Tharukliling ◽  
Lilik Eka Radiati ◽  
Imam Thohari ◽  
Agus Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paste Content

This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of red fruit paste against Staphylococcus aureus FNCC-0047 and Eschericia coli FNCC-0091 by using ethanol and n-hexane as well as the total plate count value of the patty with red fruit paste added on different observations day. The concentration of paste extract for antimicrobial activity test was 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%. The calculation of the total value of the burger patty plate is calculated on the 3rd, 7th and 14th d with the red fruit paste content in the formula as much as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%. The results showed that the fatty acids of red fruit paste were dominated by oleic acid and linoleic acid, which are unsaturated fatty acids and palmitic acid, which are saturated fatty acids. The yield of red fruit paste in n-hexane solvent was higher than ethanol solvent. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) from the use of different solvents to the mean clear zone of the two bacteria tested. The antibacterial activity shown by the ethanol extract and n-hexane extract of red fruit paste was in the inactive category at the 6.12% level, the moderate category at the 12.5% to 25% level and the strong category at the 50% level. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) from the total microbial value in each treatment where the higher the red fruit paste content in the patty, the lower the total microbial value found on each d of observation. The use of red fruit paste at a level of 10% to 15% can withstand the rate of microbial growth

scholarly journals ANTI-TUBERCULAR ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT AND COUMPOUNDS OF NONI (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA LINN)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novie E. Mauliku ◽  
Hendro W. ◽  
Suharyo Hadi Saputro ◽  
Tri N. Kristina
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antitubercular Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negative Controls

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antitubercular activity of extracts and compounds isolated of Morinda citrofolia Linn (noni) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (H37Rv) with a dose of 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml. Methods: The noni fruits was extracted using 96% ethanol. A crude ethanol extract of noni tested by phytochemical fractionation to obtain flavonoids, alkaloids, scopoletin, and anthraquinone. Extract and active compounds of noni testing antibacterial activity against tuberculosis (H37RV) bacterial with a dose of 10 mg / ml, 20 mg / ml, 30 mg / ml and 40 mg / ml. This study was performed in vitro with laboratory-based experimental study. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance.Results: Compounds of noni shown to have antitubercular activity in inhibiting the growth of MDR TB bacteria at various doses compared to controls (p = 0.00). The mean number of bacterial colonies on the MDR TB crude ethanol extract (59.0± 60.51), alkaloids (64.8 ± 49.36), anthraquinone (69.5 ± 50.40), flavonoids (72.9 ± 58.7), scopoletin (95.9 ± 33.3) and negative controls (189.3 ± 35.19). Crude extract, alkaloids, anthraquinones, and flavonoid have highly bactericidal inhibition than scopoletin and negative control. The exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against M. Tuberculosis on the compound of the noni fruit is at a dose of 40 mg / ml Conclusion: All compounds and extract of noni fruits represents a potent active anti-TB against M. tuberculosis strains. An crude extract of  noni was the most active compound against M. tuberculosis strains (H37RV). 

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation Of Antibacterial And Layer Removal Efficacy Of Two Different Herbal Irrigants – An In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
A Sheerin Sarthaj ◽  
S Maria Antony
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

INTRODUCTION: Irrigation during root canal therapy is especially needed for teeth with complex internal anatomy. Biomechanical preparation of root canal produces "smear layer" which gets embedded with debris and microorganisms. The major side effects of these widely used chemical irrigants such as Sodium hypochlorite for antibacterial efficacy and EDTA for smear layer removal has led to the search of a more biocompatible irrigant.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Azadirachta indica(neem) and Ocimum sanctum(tulsi) extract were used in this study as herbal irrigants to evaluate the above mentioned properties by the q PCR method and SEM analysis.RESULTS: In antimicrobial efficacy, the Mean value of NaOcl showed higher antimicrobial efficacy followed by Neem leaf extract and the lower antimicrobial efficacy was recorded with Tulsi extract. Similarly, the mean smear layer removal by different irrigants at different root levels, EDTA showed the maximum smear layer removal, followed by Neem leaf extract and Tulsi extract showed the least smear layer removal. Hence Tulsi has poor smear layer removal efficacy and comparable antimicrobial efficacy when compared with Neem extractSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance to compare the mean of the groups. The post- hoc test (Tukey) was performed to find the interrelationship between different groups for significant difference (P < 0.05; confidence interval 95%).CONCLUSION: From this study, these two herbal irrigants are proved to be safe and effective. It can be concluded that neem leaf extract has a significant antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis and significant smear layer removal efficacy compared to 17% EDTA.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antihypercholesterolemic Activities of Pulicaria gnaphalodes

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582090485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Raza Naqvi ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah ◽  
Laiba Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Atta-ul-Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Multidrug resistance has increased globally in the communities. Bacterial infections associated with health care have weakened the existing antimicrobial therapy and demand the search for alternative therapies. In the present investigation, the medicinal plant Pulicaria gnaphalodes from Quetta, Pakistan, has been screened for antimicrobial potential. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of P gnaphalodes extracts (methanol and ethanol) was quantitatively evaluated on the basis of zone of inhibition against different bacteria and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In vivo, antihypercholesterolemic activity is determined in different rat groups. The results of the study indicated that the ethanol extract of P gnaphalodes showed maximum zone of inhibition for Bacillus subtilis of 12.1 ± 1.1 mm from all others. The methanol extract showed maximum zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus of 11.9 ± 1.0 mm and rifampicin showed maximum zone of inhibition of 23.1 ± 0.9 mm. The results of ethanol and methanol extract of P gnaphalodes against different bacteria revealed that this plant has greater antimicrobial activity. However, the plant extract shows nonsignificant antihypercholesterolemic activity. The extract of this plant can be utilized as medicine to inhibit several infections caused by some bacterial pathogens found in human body.

scholarly journals DAYA HAMBAT DAUN MANUKAN (Rhinacanthus nasutus (L) Kurz) TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SECARA IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Sunarti Sunarti ◽  
Debora Paninsari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rhinacanthus Nasutus

The use of antimicrobial such as antibiotics  against infectious diseases with no control is quite common in Indonesia. This leads to increase morbidity and incidence of drug resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria, particularly infects the skin. The resistance it difficult to determine which antimicrobials were suitable for therapy. Manukan leaves have an active substance Rhinacanthin can be used as an anti-bacterial. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition of ethanol extract of manukan leaves (Rhinacanthus nasutus (L) Kurz) against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) in vitro with the extract concentration of 15,  30, and 60% as a control. This study was a true experiment through the in vitro test with the Kirby Bauer method. The results showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone was at an extract concentration of 15, 30, and 60% are 9.97 mm, 10.95mm, and 13.18 mm. The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed a significant difference between the four treatment groups (p= 0.010). The Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in the inhibition zone between control and  treatment at 15, 30 and 60% (p= 0.037). In conclusion leave ethanol extract of manukan has antimicrobial activitiy in inhibiting staphylococcus aureus.

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy with Photodithazine® on MSSA and MRSA Strains

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Beatriz Müller Nunes Souza ◽  
Juliana Guerra Pinto ◽  
André Henrique Correia Pereira ◽  
Alejandro Guillermo Miñán ◽  
Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Staphylococccus aureus is a ubiquitous and opportunistic bacteria associated with high mortality rates. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is based on the application of a light source and a photosensitizer that can interact with molecular oxygen, forming Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that result in bacterial inactivation. This study aimed to analyze, in vitro, the action of aPDT with Photodithazine® (PDZ) in methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The strains were incubated with PDZ at 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L for 15 min and irradiated with fluences of 25, 50, and 100 J/cm2. The internalization of PDZ was evaluated by confocal microscopy, the bacterial growth by counting the number of colony-forming units, as well as the bacterial metabolic activity post-aPDT and the production of ROS. In both strains, the photosensitizer was internalized; the production of ROS increased when the aPDT was applied; there was a bacterial reduction compared to the control at all the evaluated fluences and concentrations; and, in most parameters, it was obtained complete inactivation with significant difference (p < 0.05). The implementation of aPDT with PDZ in clinical strains of S. aureus has resulted in its complete inactivation, including the MRSA strains.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Different Local Anesthetic Solutions Available in Market: An In Vitro and Clinical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisha Imran ◽  
Faisal Moeen ◽  
Beenish Abbas ◽  
Bakhtawar Yaqoob ◽  
Mehreen Wajahat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to evaluate and compare various commercially available local anesthetic solutions. Materials and Methods A total of 150 commercially available local anesthetic cartridges of similar composition (2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000) were randomly collected and divided into 3 groups. The designations of groups were selected from their product names such that each group consisted of 60 cartridges. Group S (Septodont, France) Group M (Medicaine, Korea) and Group H (HD-Caine, Pakistan). The samples were divided into five sub-groups, each consisting of 10 cartridges from each group to investigate each parameter. Results The acquired data was statistically analyzed and compared (using SPSS version 12). Compositional analysis revealed a non-significant (P>0.05) difference when the three Groups were compared with standard lidocaine and epinephrine solutions. The mean pH values of samples from group S, M and H respectively fell within the range of pH values of commercially available solutions. Non-significant difference in EPT values of Group S and H was found when efficacy was compared (p = 0.3), however a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed in contrast to Group M. Anti-bacterial activity was observed in all the group and a non-significant difference in cell viability values of Group S and M was found (p = 0.6), while the difference was significant in comparison to Group H. Conclusion Within the limitations of these investigations, it appears that the properties of different manufacturers fall within the recommended ranges as mentioned in literature and do not appear to be statistically different in the variables we have tested.

Validation of a Belgian Prediction Model for Patient Encounters at Football Mass Gatherings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kris Spaepen ◽  
Door Lauwaert ◽  
Leonard Kaufman ◽  
Winne AP Haenen ◽  
Ives Hubloue
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Actual Patient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Patient Presentation

Abstract Background: To validate the Belgian Plan Risk Manifestations (PRIMA) model, actual patient presentation rates (PPRs) from Belgium’s largest football stadium were compared with predictions provided by existing models and the Belgian PRIMA model. Methods: Actual patient presentations gathered from 41 football games (2010-2019) played at the King Baudouin Stadium (Brussels, Belgium) were compared with predictions by existing models and the PRIMA model. All attendees who sought medical help from in-event health services (IEHS) in the stadium or called 1-1-2 within the closed perimeter around the stadium were included. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Pearson correlation tests, and Wilcoxon singed-rank test. Results: A total of 1,630,549 people attended the matches, with 626 people needing first aid. Both the PRIMA and the Hartman model over-estimated the number of patient encounters for each occasion. The Arbon model under-estimated patient encounters for 9.75% (95% CI, 0.49-19.01) of the events. When comparing deviations in predictions between the PRIMA model to the other models, there was a significant difference in the mean deviation (Arbon: Z = −5.566, P <.001, r = −.61; Hartman: Z = −4.245, P <.001, r = .47). Conclusion: When comparing the predicted patient encounters, only the Arbon model under-predicted patient presentations, but the Hartman and the PRIMA models consistently over-predicted. Because of continuous over-prediction, the PRIMA model showed significant differences in mean deviation of predicted PPR. The results of this study suggest that the PRIMA model can be used during planning for domestic and international football matches played at the King Baudouin Stadium, but more data and further research are needed.

Surface culture of Steinernema sp. on two solid media and their pathogenicity against Galleria mellonella

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.I. Cortés-Martínez ◽  
A.I. Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
M.R. López-Cuellar ◽  
N. Chavarría-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacterial Lawn ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The use of native entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents is a strategy to decrease the environmental impact of insecticides and achieve sustainable agriculture crops. In this study, the effect of the surface culture of Steinernema sp. JAP1 over two solid media at 23–27°C on infective juvenile (IJ) production and pathogenicity against Galleria mellonella larvae were investigated. First, the bacterial lawn on the surface of the media with egg yolk (P2) or chicken liver (Cl) were incubated in darkness at 30°C for 48 and 72 h, and 100 surface-sterilized IJs were added. Four harvests were conducted within the next 35 days and the mean accumulated production was superior on Cl (210 × 103 IJs) than on P2 (135 × 103 IJs), but the productivity decreased up to 10% when the incubation time of the bacterial lawn was of 72 h. The mean pathogenicity of in vitro- and in vivo-produced IJs were of 47–64% and 31%, respectively. It is worth noting that none of the two solid media had a statistically significant difference in IJ pathogenicity. Considering that the maximum multiplication factor of IJs on solid media was 2108 and that the pathogenicity against G. mellonella was outstanding, Steinernema sp. has a good potential for in vitro mass production.

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