scholarly journals PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERACTION OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA WITH ATENOLOL AND PROPRANOLOL IN ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED CARDIAC NECROSIS IN RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
CHETAN SAVANT ◽  
VENKATRAO H. KULKARNI ◽  
PRASANNA V. HABBU ◽  
MUHAMMED MAJEED ◽  
MAHADEVA NAYAK
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Interaction ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Cardiac Necrosis

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the combined cardioprotective effect of standardized extract of Tinospora cordifolia extract (TCE) with atenolol (AT) and propranolol (PP) in isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac necrosis in rats.  Methods: Myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiac necrosis was induced by subcutaneous administration of ISO for two days consecutively at an interval of 24 h. Rats were pre-administered with test drugs for 21 d followed by ISO was administration on 20 and 21st day. 24 h after final ISO administration, mean arterial blood pressure (MAB), Heart rate (HR), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart bio-marker enzyme, and histopathological study of cardiac tissue were evaluated from control and experimental groups and analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys’s test.  Results: Rats administered with ISO showed significant (p<0.001) changes in ECG, HR, MAB, heart bio-marker enzyme, antioxidant parameters, and histopathology of the heart. The activities of biomarkers have reduced in serum and there is a significant (p<0.001) increase in antioxidants in the heart tissue of animals treated with drug combination. Similarly, ECG, MAB, and HR were restored to normalcy in drug-treated animals.  Conclusion: It may be concluded that the herb-drug combinations i. e TCE (500 mg/kg)+AT (10 mg/kg) and TCE (500 mg/kg)+PP (10 mg/kg) has shown increased cardioprotective activity than they were used alone.

scholarly journals First Identification of Circulating Prepro–A-Type Natriuretic Peptide (PreproANP) Signal Peptide Fragments in Humans: Initial Assessment as Cardiovascular Biomarkers

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J Pemberton ◽  
Maithri Siriwardena ◽  
Torsten Kleffmann ◽  
Peter Ruygrok ◽  
Suetonia C Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Signal Peptide ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

Abstract BACKGROUND New biomarkers are needed to assist clinical decision making in cardiovascular disease. We have recently shown that signal peptides may represent a novel biomarker target in cardiovascular diseases. METHODS We developed a novel immunoassay for the signal peptide of preproANP (ANPsp) and used it to document cardiac tissue levels of ANPsp in explant human hearts (n = 9), circulating venous concentrations of ANPsp in healthy volunteers (n = 65), temporal ANPsp concentrations in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) &lt;4 h after chest pain onset (n = 23), and regional plasma ANPsp concentrations in patients undergoing clinically indicated catheterization (n = 10). We analyzed the structure and sequence of circulating ANPsp by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). RESULTS ANPsp levels in human heart tissue were 50–1000 times lower than those of ANP/NT-proANP. ANPsp was detectable in control human plasma at concentrations comparable with ANP itself (approximately 20 ng/L). In STEMI patients, plasma concentrations of ANPsp rose to peak values at 5 h after symptom onset, significantly earlier than myoglobin, creatine kinase-MB, and troponin (P &lt; 0.001). There were significant arteriovenous increases in ANPsp concentrations (P &lt; 0.05) across the heart and kidney; arterial and coronary sinus concentrations of ANPsp both negatively correlated with systolic and mean arterial blood pressures (both P &lt; 0.01). MS/MS verified circulating ANPsp to be preproANP(16–25) and preproANP(18–25). CONCLUSIONS ANPsp is a novel circulating natriuretic peptide with potential to act as a cardiovascular biomarker. The rapid increase of plasma ANPsp in STEMI and its significant relationship with blood pressure encourage further study of its potential clinical utility.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Protects Cardiac Tissue in Experimental Malignant Hypertension Due to Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5006
Author(s):  
Jelica Grujić-Milanović ◽  
Vesna Jaćević ◽  
Zoran Miloradović ◽  
Djurdjica Jovović ◽  
Ivica Milosavljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Resveratrol Treatment

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and powerful contributors of cardiovascular diseases. Malignant hypertension is a relatively rare but extremely severe form of hypertension accompanied with heart, brain, and renal impairment. Resveratrol, a recently described grape-derived, polyphenolic antioxidant molecule, has been proposed as an effective agent in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to examine chronic resveratrol administration on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with special emphasis on cardiac structure and function in two models of experimental hypertension. The experiments were performed in spontaneously (SHRs) and malignantly hypertensive rats (MHRs). The chronic administration of resveratrol significantly decreased blood pressure in both spontaneously and malignant hypertensive animals. The resveratrol treatment ameliorated morphological changes in the heart tissue. The immunohistochemistry of the heart tissue after resveratrol treatment showed that both TGF-β and Bax were not present in the myocytes of SHRs and were present mainly in the myocytes of MHRs. Resveratrol suppressed lipid peroxidation and significantly improved oxidative status and release of NO. These results suggest that resveratrol prevents hypertrophic and apoptotic consequences induced by high blood pressure with more pronounced effects in malignant hypertension.

scholarly journals Recapitulating Cardiac Structure and Function In Vitro from Simple to Complex Engineering

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Ana Santos ◽  
Yongjun Jang ◽  
Inwoo Son ◽  
Jongseong Kim ◽  
Yongdoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Cells

Cardiac tissue engineering aims to generate in vivo-like functional tissue for the study of cardiac development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Since the heart is composed of various types of cells and extracellular matrix with a specific microenvironment, the fabrication of cardiac tissue in vitro requires integrating technologies of cardiac cells, biomaterials, fabrication, and computational modeling to model the complexity of heart tissue. Here, we review the recent progress of engineering techniques from simple to complex for fabricating matured cardiac tissue in vitro. Advancements in cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, geometry, and computational modeling will be discussed based on a technology perspective and their use for preparation of functional cardiac tissue. Since the heart is a very complex system at multiscale levels, an understanding of each technique and their interactions would be highly beneficial to the development of a fully functional heart in cardiac tissue engineering.

scholarly journals CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MENTHA LONGIFOLIA AGAINST CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY IN RATS: A BIOCHEMICAL, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayshath Afroos Shahana A.r. ◽  
Sanjiv Karale ◽  
Jagadish V. Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Cardioprotective Effect ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme ◽  
Mentha Longifolia

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current research was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of <em>Mentha longifolia</em> (ML) leaf extract on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cardiotoxicity was induced in <em>Albino wistar</em> rats of either sex by administering a single injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i. p.) on the first day of the experimental period. <em>Mentha longifolia</em> (250 and 500 mg/kg, p. o.) was administered daily for 10 d immediately after administration of cyclophosphamide on the first day. The general observations such as oxidative marker enzyme assays, ECG and histopathology were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cyclophosphamide administration significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased the levels of antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Cyclophosphamide elevated the levels of biomarker enzymes like creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase isoenzyme NAC (CK-NAC) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Further, the cyclophosphamide-treated rats showed changes in electrocardiographic parameters. Treatment with <em>Mentha longifolia</em> significantly (p&lt;0.05) reversed the status of cardiac biomarkers, ECG and oxidative enzymes in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. Histopathological examination was also supported the potential cardioprotective effect of <em>Mentha longifolia</em> with reduced damage to the myocardium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The biochemical, ECG and histopathology reports support the potential benefits of <em>Mentha longifolia</em> against myocardial damage which could be attributed to antioxidant activity.</p>

Relationship of pyruvate and lactate during anaerobic metabolism. V: Coronary adequacy

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Veno-arterial differences of pyruvate and lactate across the myocardium in chloralose-anesthetized dogs were very variable; in any one animal they changed continually with time despite constant blood flow and arterial blood concentrations. There was a systematic tendency of v-a lactate to vary with v-a pyruvate, as expressed in the calculated "Δ excess lactate," which remained nearly constant (or, if blood flow changed, bore a constant ratio to (a-v)O2). No change in Δ excess lactate from control values occurred in nonhypoxic experiments despite marked changes in v-a differences, arterial blood composition, and coronary flow. Cardiac Δ excess lactate became positive in most animals breathing 10% O2 in N2; output of excess lactate was also observed in all those in which moderate muscular exercise was induced. This anaerobic metabolism, or change in the relationship between pyruvate and lactate exchanges, was interpreted as an indication that O2 delivery response was not adequate to meet cardiac tissue requirements during such mild stresses when judged by the standards of adequacy of the basal state.

THE ETIOLOGY OF KIENBÖCK'S DISEASE — A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY

Hand Surgery ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-G. Simank ◽  
M. Schiltenwolf ◽  
W. Krempien
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Primary Lesion ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Arterial Blood Supply ◽  
Lunate Bone ◽  
Kienböck’S Disease ◽  
Kienböck's Disease ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Kienbock’S Disease

The etiology of the necrosis of the lunate bone is still unclear. In today's theories, the necrosis is explained by impairment of the arterial bone circulation or fracture following mechanical overloading. In this study, six specimen in different stages of the disease were investigated histologically. In all the specimens, focal necrosis was detected, but also signs of regeneration, i.e. immature bone formation. No signs of fracture were seen in all stages of the disease. These findings are not compatible with sudden interruption of arterial blood supply or fracture of the lunate bone as a primary lesion. Comparable histological patterns are known in the necrosis of the femoral head. The etiological model of necrosis of the femoral head is well investigated and postulates primary marrow hypertension, induced by impairment of the venous drainage. Our results are contradictory to the etiological theories of fracture or breakdown of the arterial blood supply as a primary lesion in Kienböck's disease, and support the assumption that the model of intraosseous hypertension is transferable to the necrosis of the lunate bone.

scholarly journals Establishing correlation of axial and vertical force of cardiac artificial tissue using a novel micromachined sensor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Gaitas ◽  
Francesca Stillitano ◽  
Irene Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Artificial Tissue ◽  
One Step ◽  
Engineered Tissue

AbstractCardiomyocytes iPSC (iPSC-CMs) have great potential for cell therapy, drug assessment, and for understanding the pathophysiology and genetic underpinnings of cardiac diseases. Contraction forces are one of the most important characteristics of cardiac function and are predictors of healthy and diseased states. Cantilever techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, measure the vertical force of a single cell, while systems designed to more closely resemble the physical heart function, such as cardiac tissue on posts, measure the axial force. One important question is how do these two force measurements correlate? By establishing a correlation of the axial and vertical force we will be one step closer in being able to use single cell iPSC instead of more elaborate human engineered tissue or animal heart tissue as models. A novel micromachined sensor for measuring force contractions of artificial tissue has been developed. Using this novel sensor a correlation between axial force and vertical force is experimentally established. This finding supports the use of vertical measurements as an alternative to tissue measurements.

scholarly journals CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF DATE PALM AGAINST DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa Mubarak ◽  
Shadia Abdel Hamid ◽  
Abdel Razik Farrag ◽  
Nahla Samir ◽  
Jihan Seid Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

Objective: Doxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline antibiotic, has been widely used to treat cancer, principally hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. The administration of Dox is a topic of concern in the medical community, as it frequently related to dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the protective potential of date palm fruit extract on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.Methods: A total of 40 female albino rats were used in this study and classified into four groups including control, date palm fruit extract, Dox, and treated date palm fruit extract groups.Results: Dox produced a significant increase in creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase activities. It also decreased the activities of cardiac glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase but increase levels of cardiac malondialdehyde and also of urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. Myocardial toxicity of Dox also appeared in the elevation of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased. Histopathological studies revealed alteration of cardiac tissue structure by Dox. Treatment with date palm fruit extract restored the aforementioned parameters.Conclusion: Date palm fruit exhibits a cardioprotective influence on the heart tissue against toxicity induced by Dox.

scholarly journals Stem cell-derived cell sheet transplantation for heart tissue repair in myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Masatoshi Morimatsu ◽  
Tian Feng ◽  
Feng Lan ◽  
Dehua Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cell Sheets

AbstractStem cell-derived sheet engineering has been developed as the next-generation treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) and offers attractive advantages in comparison with direct stem cell transplantation and scaffold tissue engineering. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell sheets have been indicated to possess higher potential for MI therapy than other stem cell-derived sheets because of their capacity to form vascularized networks for fabricating thickened human cardiac tissue and their long-term therapeutic effects after transplantation in MI. To date, stem cell sheet transplantation has exhibited a dramatic role in attenuating cardiac dysfunction and improving clinical manifestations of heart failure in MI. In this review, we retrospectively summarized the current applications and strategy of stem cell-derived cell sheet technology for heart tissue repair in MI.

scholarly journals African Vegetables (Clerodendrum volibile Leaf and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extracts) Effectively Mitigate Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Olufunke Olorundare ◽  
Adejuwon Adeneye ◽  
Akinyele Akinsola ◽  
Sunday Soyemi ◽  
Alban Mgbehoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Stress Markers

Trastuzumab (TZM) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that has been approved for the clinical management of HER2-positive metastatic breast and gastric cancers but its use is limited by its cumulative dose and off-target cardiotoxicity. Unfortunately, till date, there is no approved antidote to this off-target toxicity. Therefore, an acute study was designed at investigating the protective potential and mechanism(s) of CVE and IGE in TZM-induced cardiotoxicity utilizing cardiac enzyme and oxidative stress markers and histopathological endpoints. 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE dissolved in 5% DMSO in sterile water were investigated in Wistar rats injected with 2.25 mg/kg/day/i.p. route of TZM for 7 days, using serum cTnI and LDH, complete lipid profile, cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers assays, and histopathological examination of TZM-intoxicated heart tissue. Results showed that 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated increases in the serum cTnI and LDH levels but caused no significant alterations in the serum lipids and weight gain pattern in the treated rats. CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated alterations in the cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers’ activities while improving TZM-associated cardiac histological lesions. These results suggest that CVE and IGE could be mediating its cardioprotection via antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and antithrombotic mechanisms, thus, highlighting the therapeutic potentials of CVE and IGE in the management of TZM-mediated cardiotoxicity.

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