scholarly journals Антропология холода: естественные низкие температуры в традиционной системе жизнеобеспечения якутов (XIX в. – 30-е гг. ХХ в.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Suleymanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Spaces ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Climatic Regime ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Cryogenic Processes ◽  
Conscious Control

Goals. The study aims to determine the influence of a complex of cryogenic factors (snow, ice, permafrost, cold in general) on traditional household and sociocultural practices of the Yakuts including benefits that some representatives of this ethnic group have learned to derive from winter climatological conditions. Materials and Methods. The work analyzes archival materials, scientific literature and the author’s field data. The most important elements of the methodological toolkit are sociocultural analysis and basic principles of cryosophy that suggest analysis of the phenomena of the ‘cold world’ in terms of their resource potential. Results. The paper shows positions (impacts) of low temperatures and accompanying phenomena when it comes to choose a place of location for a winter settlement and layout a farmstead (availability of a reservoir that does not freeze over the winter to its bottom, relative remoteness of permafrost soils from the surface, creation of open spaces for a better view, etc.), and the former’s influence on the architecture and functionality of residential and household buildings. The work introduces certain characteristics of deep freeze practices used for storing and cooking food, employment of cryogenic phenomena and processes for sanitary and hygienic purposes. Special insight is made into the significance of ‘cold’ practices in household activities. Specifically, the study shows that in farming and cattle breeding cryogenic phenomena were used for irrigation of agriculturally used areas, livestock feeding and threshing arrangements. Moreover, the specific climatic regime made it possible to apply quite a range of unique approaches to fishing and hunting. However, one of the most important results obtained during this study is the conclusion — confirmed by definite examples — that the Yakuts practiced conscious control over cryogenic processes in household activities. Conclusions. Based on the above, the paper concludes it is largely due to cold that a big complex of elements of the traditional life sustenance system of the Yakuts had emerged — to further essentially shape the latter’s most representative ethnocultural features.

scholarly journals Development of dairy cattle breeding in the Tambov region

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
A V Nikitin ◽  
O Yu Antsiferova ◽  
A N Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Medical Standards ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Collective Farming ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

Abstract The article shows that dairy farming is one of the most dynamically developing branches of agriculture, existing under the influence of internal and external environments, defined as: compliance with the breed standard, medical standards for milk consumption, increased investment in the industry, its resource potential. On the basis of a retrospective analysis, the evolution of technological structures in dairy cattle breeding in Russia is considered: pre-industrial, collective farming with agricultural mechanization, industrial, intensive technocratic, biotechnological. In addition, on the basis of the organizational and economic analysis of dairy cattle breeding in the Tambov region, the trends of its functioning have been determined: a decrease in the self-sufficiency of the region’s population with milk and dairy products; destructuring of the production sector with an increase in the share of enterprises with low-intensity and extensive milk production; low intensity of reproduction of a herd of cattle; a wide variety of breed composition of dairy cattle. It was found that agricultural enterprises of the region, as a rule, specializing in the development of dairy cattle breeding, choose the direction of organizing a purebred herd with standardized exterior features. This is a fundamentally different way of breeding work from all-Russian trends. On the basis of the research carried out, the priority directions of the development of dairy cattle breeding in an innovation-oriented context are substantiated.

scholarly journals NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DYNAMICS OF PERMAFROST SOILS IN THE AREAS OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION IN YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS OKRUG

2015 ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Mamaeva ◽  
S. A. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Permafrost Rocks ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Cryogenic Processes ◽  
Nenets Autonomous

A research and comparison of natural and damaged (due to the active development of oil and gas fields) permafrost soils in the Jamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug were carried out. The analysis was run of correlation between an average monthly temperature of air, an average monthly sum of precipitation, the weight humidity and the thickness of the seasonal thawed layer. The conclusions were drawn about a poor resistance of landscapes on the permafrost rocks to the anthropogenic interventions, which in its turn is accompanied by the cryogenic processes and unfavorable influences on the Extreme North biosphere.

DEFINITION OF FABRIC DISTRIBUTIONS TO CHARACTERIZE THE REARRANGEMENT OF SOIL PARTICLES IN THE TURBIC CRYOSOLS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. FOX ◽  
R. PROTZ
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Compound Distribution ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cryogenic Processes

Micromorphological study of Turbic Cryosols (permafrost soils) from the MacKenzie River Valley and Yukon Coastal Plain resulted in the observations of distinct unnamed fabric distributions that implied rearrangement of the skeleton grains and f-members. It was noted that the skeleton grains or f-members were capable of independent reorganization in relation to the plasma or f-matrix. Three modal fabric types were defined as follows: 1. Orbiculic fabric — The skeleton grains or f-members are reorganized into circular or ellipsoidal patterns. 2. Suscitic fabric — The skeleton grains or f-members are vertically aligned and often show an accumulation of finer matrix material at the base. 3. Conglomeric fabric — A compound distribution in which individual f-members are enclosed by finer matrix material into a secondary fabric such as fragmic or granoidic. The interpretation of the genesis of these fabrics may aid in understanding the developmental history of the soil, especially those soils that have been subjected to cryogenic processes.

Multi-Criteria Optimization in Forest Exploitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Vladimirovitch Lebedev ◽  
Valery Pavlovitch Anufriev ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovitch Belov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Definition Of

In the article the multi-criteria approach at optimization of environmental management is considered as a part of the scientific basis of sustainable development of territories. The results of research of theory and practice of forest exploitation optimization in the Central Ural are presented. The basic principles of purpose formulation, of general analysis, of justification of optimization criteria and selection of methods of solving the tasks of environmental management (forest exploitation) optimization are revealed. On the basis of these scientific researches the principles of disclosure of uncertainty of optimum decisions in one-criteria tasks of forest exploitation are formulated; the mechanism of optimization by criterion of minimax risk that allows avoiding big losses of the environmental potential of forests is shown. The principles of definition of an optimum variant of forest exploitation according to reasonable concessions to extreme values of criteria of using the resource potential, preservation of environmental functions and a social role of forests are revealed.

scholarly journals “STEPPE CORRIDORS” OF ALAKUL PASTORALISTS: ISOTOPE AND PALEOBOTANICAL STUDIES AT THE CHEBARKUL III SETTLEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Polina S. Ankusheva ◽  
◽  
Irina P. Alaeva ◽  
Sergey A. Sadykov ◽  
Yan Chuen Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The Bronze Age

The paper is devoted to the determination of the preferred ecological niche of the Alakul population of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals and considers the problem of Andronovo colonization in the northern direction. Radiocarbon dating, paleobotanical and isotopic studies were carried out based on the Chebarkul III settlement materials. The Alakul period of the settlement dates back to the 18th–17th centuries BC. The species composition of plants from the settlement’s cultural layer is similar to the Bronze Age steppe settlements of the Southern Trans-Urals and mainly represented by plant seeds of the meadow and ruderal zones with a minimum amount of forest and the absence of domesticated plants. The δ13C, δ15N values in the livestock bones reflect the diet consisting of C3 photosynthesis type plants with a small proportion of C4 plants. The decreased values of δ13C and δ15N in comparison with the Late Bronze Age steppe sites in the Ural-Kazakhstan region may indicate a high moisture content of the settlement’s pastures. The data obtained indicate the preservation of the settled cattle-breeding model, which is typical for the steppe Alakul sites, with cattle grazing in the surrounding territories and the possible preparation of fodder for the winter. The development of northern territories by the Alakul populations took place in the landscape zones habitual for the steppe population: with the presence of open spaces, wide meadows for grazing animals, and preparing forage, as well as forests. For this reason, the so-called Chebarkul steppe corridor was also populated, capturing the shore of the lake of the same name, on which the settlement under study is located.

scholarly journals Animals Breeding Efficiency According to the Phenotype of their Offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 1501-1510
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Efficiency ◽  
High Level

The paper aims to identify the best animals with the optimal variant of selection traits in dairy cattle breeding by studying the breeding and genetic parameters (M, m, σ, Cv, r) of the basic dairy and reproductive traits of individuals and genetic groups, which make it possible to comprehensively assess the breeding efficiency of animals according to the phenotype of their offspring. The paper justifies characteristics of the seed bulls fixed for the breeding stock, and proposes basic principles of selection. The range of evaluated traits was expanded – from milk productivity and reproductive qualities to health indicators (longevity, somatic cell content in milk) and estimate of the animal body type (exterior). The correlation coefficient (g) between fat and protein was not standard: when selecting animals with a high content of protein in milk, only in 20% of cases the selected cows have a high level of fat

Methods of Excavation Core Drilling

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 3015-3025
Author(s):  
Andrey Soldatenko ◽  
Hong Yuan Jiang ◽  
Alexander Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Frozen Soils ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Core Drilling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
Milling Equipment

The article reviews the basic principles of interaction between the cutting tools with the ground. Their advantages and disadvantages. It is carried out to determine the degree of relevance of the issues under research and to clarify the currently existing methods of solving them. We are especially interested in frozen soils, because the problem of the frozen soils’ development is one of the most serious to date. Most of the unexplored territories of the world lie under the snow cover in winter times. In the extreme north an acute problem of dealing with permafrost soils demands a rapid optimization of the cutting processes applied to frozen grounds. To this end, we developed a special milling and boring rig BME-2000 (Bore-Milling Equipment 2000), based on a machine excavator. It works on the principle of core drilling and is designed to develop permafrost and extremely durable surfaces such as asphalt and concrete. This article will try to formulate all the necessary questions for further research studies and to set objectives for further optimization of the cutting processes based on the BME-2000 as a comparison model. This will be done through a review of all known principles of excavation and existing machinery that deals with the development of soils/frozen soils and very durable surfaces.

Current Issues: Evidence-Based Practice for the Real World: Thoughts on Clinical Education in Communication Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Language Pathology

This article presents some streamlined and intentionally oversimplified ideas about educating future communication disorders professionals to use some of the most basic principles of evidence-based practice. Working from a popular five-step approach, modifications are suggested that may make the ideas more accessible, and therefore more useful, for university faculty, other supervisors, and future professionals in speech-language pathology, audiology, and related fields.

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