scholarly journals Circular RNAs: new genetic tools in melanoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Hallajzadeh ◽  
Elaheh Amirani ◽  
Hamed Mirzaei ◽  
Rana Shafabakhsh ◽  
Seyyed M Mirhashemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Microrna Sponge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer. New technologies have resulted in major advances in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and other cancer types. Recently, some studies have investigated the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in different cancers. CircRNAs are a member of long noncoding RNA family mainly formed through back-splicing and have a closed-loop structure. These molecules affect several biological and oncogenic cascades in diverse ways via acting as microRNA sponge, interacting with RNA-binding proteins and acting as a transcription regulator. In this review, we made an insight into the impact of circRNA dysregulation in the melanoma tumorigenesis based on the presented evidences.

The Therapeutic Potential and Role of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in Osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuangang Wu ◽  
Xiaoxi Lu ◽  
Bin Shen ◽  
Yi Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Cochrane Library

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by progressive degeneration, joint hyperplasia, narrowing of joint spaces, and extracellular matrix metabolism. Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of OA may be related to non-coding RNA, and its pathological mechanism may be an effective way to reduce OA. Objective: The purpose of this review was to investigate the recent progress of miRNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) in gene therapy of OA, discussing the effects of this RNA on gene expression, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis and extracellular matrix in OA. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, for published studies involving the miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in OA. The outcomes included the gene expression, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix. Results and Discussion: With the development of technology, miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA have been found in many diseases. More importantly, recent studies have found that RNA interacts with RNA-binding proteins to regulate gene transcription and protein translation, and is involved in various pathological processes of OA, thus becoming a potential therapy for OA. Conclusion: In this paper, we briefly introduced the role of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in the occurrence and development of OA and as a new target for gene therapy.

scholarly journals Current insights into the implications of m6A RNA methylation and autophagy interaction in human diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechai Chen ◽  
Jianan Wang ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
M6a Rna Methylation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAutophagy is a conserved degradation process crucial to maintaining the primary function of cellular and organismal metabolism. Impaired autophagy could develop numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, and the fate of m6A modified transcripts is controlled by m6A RNA binding proteins. m6A modification influences mRNA alternative splicing, stability, translation, and subcellular localization. Intriguingly, recent studies show that m6A RNA methylation could alter the expression of essential autophagy-related (ATG) genes and influence the autophagy function. Thus, both m6A modification and autophagy could play a crucial role in the onset and progression of various human diseases. In this review, we summarize the latest studies describing the impact of m6A modification in autophagy regulation and discuss the role of m6A modification-autophagy axis in different human diseases, including obesity, heart disease, azoospermatism or oligospermatism, intervertebral disc degeneration, and cancer. The comprehensive understanding of the m6A modification and autophagy interplay may help in interpreting their impact on human diseases and may aid in devising future therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of circRNA: from purification and identification to disease marker potential

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Xu ◽  
LuYu Zhou ◽  
Murugavel Ponnusamy ◽  
LiXia Zhang ◽  
YanHan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Disease Marker ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Microrna Sponge

Circular RNA (circRNA) is an endogenous noncoding RNA with a covalently closed cyclic structure. Based on their components, circRNAs are divided into exonic circRNAs, intronic circRNAs, and exon-intron circRNAs. CircRNAs have well-conserved sequences and often have high stability due to their resistance to exonucleases. Depending on their sequence, circRNAs are involved in different biological functions, including microRNA sponge activity, modulation of alternative splicing or transcription, interaction with RNA-binding proteins, and rolling translation, and are a derivative of pseudogenes. CircRNAs are involved in the development of a variety of pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological diseases, and cancer. Emerging evidence has shown that circRNAs are likely to be new potential clinical diagnostic markers or treatments for many diseases. Here we describe circRNA research methods and biological functions, and discuss the potential relationship between circRNAs and disease progression.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of the Interactions between Circular RNAs and RNA-binding Proteins in Common Human Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 5206-5219
Author(s):  
Meng-Ping Jiang ◽  
Wen-Xiu Xu ◽  
Jun-Chen Hou ◽  
Qi Xu ◽  
Dan-Dan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Human Cancers

scholarly journals Circular RNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutics for cardiovascular disease

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weitie Wang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Hulin Piao ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Maoxun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Microrna Sponges

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are genetic regulators that were earlier considered as “junk”. In contrast to linear RNAs, they have covalently linked ends with no polyadenylated tails. CircRNAs can act as RNA-binding proteins, sequestering agents, transcriptional regulators, as well as microRNA sponges. In addition, it is reported that some selected circRNAs are transformed into functional proteins. These RNA molecules always circularize through covalent bonds, and their presence has been demonstrated across species. They are usually abundant and stable as well as evolutionarily conserved in tissues (liver, lung, stomach), saliva, exosomes, and blood. Therefore, they have been proposed as the “next big thing” in molecular biomarkers for several diseases, particularly in cancer. Recently, circRNAs have been investigated in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and reported to play important roles in heart failure, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction. Here, we review the recent literature and discuss the impact and the diagnostic and prognostic values of circRNAs in CVD.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs: Biogenesis, Mechanism, and Function in Human Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Zhao ◽  
Yujie Cai ◽  
Jianzhen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Circular Configuration ◽  
And Function

CircRNAs are a class of noncoding RNA species with a circular configuration that is formed by either typical spliceosome-mediated or lariat-type splicing. The expression of circRNAs is usually abnormal in many cancers. Several circRNAs have been demonstrated to play important roles in carcinogenesis. In this review, we will first provide an introduction of circRNAs biogenesis, especially the regulation of circRNA by RNA-binding proteins, then we will focus on the recent findings of circRNA molecular mechanisms and functions in cancer development. Finally, some open questions are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Small Noncoding RNA in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8039
Author(s):  
Iwona Rzeszutek ◽  
Gabriela Betlej
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Damage Response

DNA damage is a common phenomenon promoted through a variety of exogenous and endogenous factors. The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway involves a wide range of proteins, and as was indicated, small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs). These are double-strand break-induced RNAs (diRNAs) and DNA damage response small RNA (DDRNA). Moreover, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and RNA modifications have also been identified to modulate diRNA and DDRNA function in the DDR process. Several theories have been formulated regarding the synthesis and function of these sncRNAs during DNA repair; nevertheless, these pathways’ molecular details remain unclear. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of diRNA and DDRNA biosynthesis and discuss the role of sncRNAs in maintaining genome stability.

scholarly journals The role of SRSF3 splicing factor in generating circular RNAs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar S. Naqvi ◽  
Mukta Asnani ◽  
Kathryn L. Black ◽  
Katharina E. Hayer ◽  
Deanne Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Splicing Factor ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Recognition Motifs ◽  
B Lymphoid

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a novel class of non-coding RNAs that are emerging as potentially important regulators of gene expression. circRNAs are typically generated from host gene transcripts through a non-canonical back-splicing mechanism, whose regulation is still not well understood. To explore regulation of circRNAs in cancer, we generated sequence data from RNase R-resistant transcripts in human p493-6 B-lymphoid cells and identified thousands of novel as well as previously identified circRNAs. Approximately 40% of expressed genes generated a circRNA, with half of them generating multiple isoforms, suggesting the involvement of alternative back-splicing and regulatory RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). We observed that genes generating circRNAs with back-spliced exonic junctions were enriched for RBP recognition motifs, including multiple splicing factors, most notably SRSF3, a splicing factor known to promote exon inclusion. To test the role of SRSF3 role in circRNA production, we performed traditional RNA-seq in p493-6 B-lymphoid cells with and without SRSF3 knockdown, and identified 926 mRNA transcripts, whose canonical splicing was affected by SRSF3. We found that a subset (205) of these SRSF3 targets served as host transcripts for circRNA, suggesting that SRSF3 may regulate exon circularization. Since this splicing factor is deregulated in hematologic malignancies, we hypothesize that SRSF3-dependent circRNAs, similar to their mRNA counterparts, might contribute to the pathogenesis of lymphomas and leukemias.

scholarly journals The co-expression networks of differentially expressed RBPs with TFs and LncRNAs related to clinical TNM stages of cancers

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaibin Lian ◽  
Liansheng Li ◽  
Yongjie Zhou ◽  
Zixiao Liu ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Correlation Networks ◽  
Expression Cluster ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Insight Into

Background RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play important roles in cellular homeostasis by regulating the expression of thousands of transcripts, which have been reported to be involved in human tumorigenesis. Despite previous reports of the dysregulation of RBPs in cancers, the degree of dysregulation of RBPs in cancers and the intrinsic relevance between dysregulated RBPs and clinical TNM information remains unknown. Furthermore, the co-expressed networks of dysregulated RBPs with transcriptional factors and lncRNAs also require further investigation. Results Here, we firstly analyzed the deviations of expression levels of 1,542 RBPs from 20 cancer types and found that (1) RBPs are dysregulated in almost all 20 cancer types, especially in BLCA, COAD, READ, STAD, LUAD, LUSC and GBM with proportion of deviation larger than 300% compared with non-RBPs in normal tissues. (2) Up- and down-regulated RBPs also show opposed patterns of differential expression in cancers and normal tissues. In addition, down-regulated RBPs show a greater degree of dysregulated expression than up-regulated RBPs do. Secondly, we analyzed the intrinsic relevance between dysregulated RBPs and clinical TNM information and found that (3) Clinical TNM information for two cancer types—CHOL and KICH—is shown to be closely related to patterns of differentially expressed RBPs (DE RBPs) by co-expression cluster analysis. Thirdly, we identified ten key RBPs (seven down-regulated and three up-regulated) in CHOL and seven key RBPs (five down-regulated and two up-regulated) in KICH by analyzing co-expression correlation networks. Fourthly, we constructed the co-expression networks of key RBPs between 1,570 TFs and 4,147 lncRNAs for CHOL and KICH, respectively. Conclusions These results may provide an insight into the understanding of the functions of RBPs in human carcinogenesis. Furthermore, key RBPs and the co-expressed networks offer useful information for potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with cancers at the N and M stages in two cancer types CHOL and KICH.

The Role of Industry-Academia Collaborative Research in Mineral Exploration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Marlatt
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
The University ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Economic Mineral

ABSTRACT Many people may not be aware of the extent of Kurt Kyser's collaboration with mineral exploration companies through applied research and the development of innovative exploration technologies, starting at the University of Saskatchewan and continuing through the Queen's Facility for Isotope Research. Applied collaborative, geoscientific, industry-academia research and development programs can yield technological innovations that can improve the mineral exploration discovery rates of economic mineral deposits. Alliances between exploration geoscientists and geoscientific researchers can benefit both parties, contributing to the pure and applied geoscientific knowledge base and the development of innovations in mineral exploration technology. Through a collaboration that spanned over three decades, we gained insight into the potential for economic uranium deposits around the world in Canada, Australia, USA, Finland, Russia, Gabon, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, and Guyana. Kurt, his research team, postdoctoral fellows, and students developed technological innovations related to holistic basin analysis for economic mineral potential, isotopes in mineral exploration, and biogeochemical exploration, among others. In this paper, the business of mineral exploration is briefly described, and some examples of industry-academic collaboration innovations brought forward through Kurt's research are identified. Kurt was a masterful and capable knowledge broker, which is a key criterion for bringing new technologies to application—a grand, curious, credible, patient, and attentive communicator—whether talking about science, business, or life and with first ministers, senior technocrats, peers, board members, first nation peoples, exploration geologists, investors, students, citizens, or friends.

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