The importance of including African populations in pharmacogenetics studies of warfarin response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collet Dandara ◽  
Arinao Ndadza ◽  
Nyarai Soko
Keyword(s):  
Drug Response ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come

Tweetable abstract Warfarin will remain in use for a long time to come, thus inclusion of African populations in pharmacogenomics is essential to be able to identify all possible biomarkers that are potential predictors for warfarin drug response.

Western Education and Rural Productivity in Tropical Africa

Africa ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. C. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Rural Life ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Western Education ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Complete Rejection ◽  
To Come ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphFor many years British administrators and others concerned with the developing countries of tropical Africa have criticized Western-type schooling introduced there for what they believe to have been its bad effects on the life of rural peoples. They have complained that such schooling is prejudicial to rural life, since it produces a distaste for agriculture and leads to a drift from the land. They say it promotes in schoolchildren a desire to be clerks or white-collar workers and, because of their schooling, they develop a strong dislike for manual work and a reluctance to soil their hands with physical labour. They assert that these values inculcated by Western schooling lead finally to an almost complete rejection of rural life, a contempt for agriculture, and therefore to a decrease in rural productivity. Finally, they maintain that this is particularly serious in view of the fact that, as far as we can see at present, many African countries will have to depend on agriculture and the land for a long time to come, for it is only through such dependence that it seems likely that they will achieve economic viability which will be an important factor in making a success of political independence.

Using Old Photographs in Interviews: Some Cautionary Notes About Silences in Fieldwork

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Bravman
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
The People ◽  
Taita Hills ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Photo Collection ◽  
Image Production ◽  
To Come

In September 1987, early in my research at the Kenya National Archives, I came across a collection of photographs taken by a British missionary during the 1920s and early 1930s. The collection contained nearly 250 photos of the terrain and people of Kenya's Taita Hills, where I would soon be going for my fieldwork. I pored over the photo collection for a long time, and had reproductions made of twenty-five shots. The names of those pictured had been recorded in the photo album's captions. Many of the names were new to me, though a few WaTaita of the day who had figured prominently in the archival records were also captured on film. When I moved on to Taita in early 1988,1 took the photographs with me. Since I would be interviewing men and women old enough either to remember or be contemporaries of the people in the pictures, I planned to show the photos during the interviews. At first I was simply curious about who some of the people pictured were, but my curiosity quickly evolved into a more ambitious plan. I decided to try using the photographs as visual prompts to get people to speak more expansively than they otherwise might about their lives and their experiences.In the event, I learned that using the photographs in interviews involved many more complexities than I had envisaged in my initial enthusiasm. I found that I had to alter the expectations and techniques I took to Taita, and feel out some of the limitations of working with the photographic medium. I had to recognize the power relations embedded in my presence as a researcher in Taita, in my position as bearer of images from peoples' pasts, and in the photos themselves. I found, too, that I needed to come to grips with a number of issues about the politics of image production, and the historical product of those politics: the bounded, selected images that are photographs. Finally, I had to address some of my own cultural assumptions about photography and how people respond to pictures, assumptions that my informants did not necessarily share.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Derived from Natural Resources and Its Blends: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1396
Author(s):  
Z. N. Diyana ◽  
R. Jumaidin ◽  
Mohd Zulkefli Selamat ◽  
Ihwan Ghazali ◽  
Norliza Julmohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Significant Attention

Thermoplastic starch composites have attracted significant attention due to the rise of environmental pollutions induced by the use of synthetic petroleum-based polymer materials. The degradation of traditional plastics requires an unusually long time, which may lead to high cost and secondary pollution. To solve these difficulties, more petroleum-based plastics should be substituted with sustainable bio-based plastics. Renewable and natural materials that are abundant in nature are potential candidates for a wide range of polymers, which can be used to replace their synthetic counterparts. This paper focuses on some aspects of biopolymers and their classes, providing a description of starch as a main component of biopolymers, composites, and potential applications of thermoplastics starch-based in packaging application. Currently, biopolymer composites blended with other components have exhibited several enhanced qualities. The same behavior is also observed when natural fibre is incorporated with biopolymers. However, it should be noted that the degree of compatibility between starch and other biopolymers extensively varies depending on the specific biopolymer. Although their efficacy is yet to reach the level of their fossil fuel counterparts, biopolymers have made a distinguishing mark, which will continue to inspire the creation of novel substances for many years to come.

Secrecy, State-Private Networks and Operational Effectiveness in Cold War Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560
Author(s):  
ERIC PULLIN
Keyword(s):  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Us Senate

Secrecy has unintended consequences. The release on 9 December 2014 of the US Senate Intelligence Committee's report on the torture of terrorism detainees focused public attention on the secret activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Regrettably, lost amidst debate over justifying or condemning state-sponsored torture is a more basic concern, the issue of state secrecy, which underlies the discussion of how governments promote national ends. Only two days after the issuance of the Senate Intelligence Committee's report, the US House of Representatives adjourned without taking action on the Freedom of Information Act reform bill – despite receiving unanimous approval in both houses. This bill would not have required complete openness, but it would have eliminated many of the arbitrary mechanisms that enable the CIA and other governmental agencies to suppress requests for information. Although the House Republican leadership failed to put the act on the legislative calendar, the Obama administration's Department of Justice also deserves opprobrium for surreptitiously opposing the act behind the scenes. The US government's disregard for establishing reasonable rules of transparency virtually guarantees that the CIA will continue to suppress its records, and thus public scrutiny of its unchecked activities, for a very long time to come.

scholarly journals The Case of Windy Lake by M. Hutchinson

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaia MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Large City ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
The City

Hutchinson, Michael. The Case of Windy Lake. Second Story Press, 2019. Micheal Hutchinson is a citizen of the Misipawistik Cree Nation in the Treaty 5 territory and is no stranger to the Canadian media. He’s worked as a print reporter for The Calgary Straight and Aboriginal Times and became the host of APTN national news. Somehow in his busy life, he has found time to write two amazing children’s books. The Case of the Missing Auntie is Hutchinson’s second Mighty Muskrat Mystery book. It follows the cousins Chickadee, Otter, Samuel, and Atim (the Mighty Muskrats) of the Windy Lake First Nation. It takes place after the first book, but this time the Muskrats are leaving their reserve to spend time with family in the city. By setting the book in the city, the topic of urban Indigenous people arises. Hutchinson depicts a wide range of Indigenous people: nurses, students, musicians, and bullies. He doesn’t romanticize Indigenous people, opting to focus on realism and making the characters lifelike. The book makes sure to mention potential issues with moving/travelling from a reserve to a large city such as not fitting in and racism. The story has the same style as the previous Mighty Muskrat Mystery book with clear goals for the Muskrats to obtain: visit the Exhibition Fair, get Otter a ticket to see the band Wavoka’s Wail, and look for Auntie Charlotte who was taken during the 60’s scoop. One of the best parts is how realistic the story is, not everything goes the Mighty Muskrats way. This isn’t your typical “everything is going to work out just fine” story but that makes it a solid read—they need to come up with a plan B. It opens a dialogue on residential schools, the 60’s scoop, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. It felt like a good introduction to those tough topics, explaining what they are without dismissing them as something that happened a long time ago or minimizing their modern impacts. Instead, the story shows the aftermath, and how it affects the younger generation without limiting characters’ identities to only be their relationship to historical trauma. As such, this book could work as a discussion starter between children and adults on these topics and could be used to promote critical discussion around themes like Indigenous identities and experiences. Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Kaia MacLeod Reviewers BiographyKaia MacLeod, a member of the James Smith Cree Nation, is an MLIS candidate at the University of Alberta. Her bachelor’s degree was in Film Studies, which she sometimes likes to call a degree in “movie watching,” she enjoys exploring how folklore is represented on film and in online content.

China's Urbanization: Migration by the Millions

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Language ◽  
New World ◽  
Full Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Land System ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
To Come

Joseph Eugene Stiglitz, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, once named urbanization in China and the new technical revolution led by the United States as the two great events shaping the world of the 21st century. British specialist Tom Miller refers to China’s urbanization as “the greatest migration in human history.” China's Urbanization: Migration by the Millions is a full-range description of how millions of farmers in China became urban citizens in different periods of history. It further explores the deep-rooted issues of the country’s land system and household registration system, issues that will be confronted by urbanization for a long time to come. China is the world’s largest single-country population transfer and urbanization country. Its urbanization is faced with ever more stringent constraints on resources and environment. This means China has to take a brand new path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics. Through this book, readers can get both the ropes of official and mainstream views on the new urbanization initiative and get familiar with multi-directional probes on this issue in academic circles so they may gain a comprehensive and balanced understanding of the whole picture. This book was first published by New World Press in 2014, and republished jointly by New World Press and Global Century Press in 2016. This joint publication is the first volume in the ‘China Urbanization Studies’ series. We have retained the original typesetting, but we have added DOI numbers for the book, Series Editors’ Prefaces and all chapters, as well as a section of dual language additions from Global Century Press in English and Chinese.

PENERAPAN ESTETIKA VISUAL ARSITEKTUR MODEREN PADA REDESAIN BANGUNAN & FASAD HOTEL KOTA TEPIAN DI SAMARINDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Husniah Thamrin ◽  
Maulana Refindo Dhuhur
Keyword(s):  
Economic Potential ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTThe development of the city of Samarinda is increasing and is still sustainable for a long time, especially in terms of suppressing administrative areas. The city of Samarinda as a province of East Kalimantan still has economic potential to continue to grow, this is triggered by increasing population and economic growth in the city of Samarinda. Hotel Kota Tepian have been around for a long time around 1990, Hotel Kota Tepian are included in the class of 2 star hotels that have various facilities such as 25 rooms to stay with various types of superior, premium, and standard. Hotel Kota Tepian also provides facilities for meetings, restaurants and SPA.The advantages of the Hotel Kota Tepian are its strategic location and is located in the middle of the city close to public facilities, offices and shopping centers such as Segiri Market, Mall Plaza Mulia, and Lembuswana while the shortcomings and problems of the Hotel Kota Tepian are designing the City Edge Hotel with emphasis on building facades using a modern architectural style, then designing natural lighting and artificial redesign on the interior of the Hotel Kota Tepian. Therefore, Kota Tepian hotel really needs to be redesigned to restore the image of the hotel in terms of visual aesthetic facade so that it becomes an attraction for visitors to come and feel comfortable while Kota Tepian Hotel.Keywords: Hotel, Kota Tepian, Redesign, Building, Facade. ABSTRAKPerkembangan kota Samarinda semakin meningkat dan masih berkelanjutan dalam waktu yang lama, khususnya dalam hal penekanan wilayah administrasi. Kota Samarinda sebagai provinsi dari Kalimantan Timur masih memiliki potensi ekonomi untuk terus berkembang, hal ini dipicu oleh semakin meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk dan ekonomi di kota Samarinda.Hotel Kota Tepian telah berdiri sejak lama sekitar tahun 1990, Hotel Kota Tepian termasuk dalam kelas hotel berbintang 2 yang memiliki berbagai macam fasilitas seperti 25 kamar tempat menginap dengan berbagai tipe yaitu superior, premium, dan standart.Pada Hotel Kota Tepian juga menyediakan fasilitas untuk pertemuan, restorant, dan SPA. Kelebihan dari Hotel Kota Tepian adalah lokasi yang strategis dan terletak di tengah kota dekat dengan falitas umum, perkantoran dan pusat perbelanjaan seperti pasar segiri, mall plaza mulia, dan lembuswana sedangkan kekurangan dan menjadi permasalahan dan penekanan dari Hotel Kota Tepian yaitu meredesain Hotel Kota Tepian dengan penekanan pada fasad bangunan dengan memakai gaya arsitektur modern. Maka dari itu Hotel Kota Tepian sangat perlu untuk di redesain untuk mengembalikan citra hotel dari segi estetika visual fasad sehingga menjadi daya tarik bagi pengunjung untuk datang dan merasa nyaman saat berada di Hotel Kota Tepian.Kata Kunci: Hotel, Kota Tepian, Redesain, Fasad, Bangunan.

The Evolution of Charity Care within the Healthcare Industry

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela C. Smith ◽  
Aaron D. Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Charity Care ◽  
Nonprofit Hospitals ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Long Time ◽  
State And Local ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Concise Definition

Tax-exempt classification of nonprofit hospitals has been increasingly subject to federal and state examination. Considering the benefits tax-exempt entities receive, it should not be surprising that these organizations face heavy regulatory scrutiny. The problem for tax-exempt hospitals is the lack of a clear and concise definition of charity care in order to maintain exempt status. State and local regulations aside, the IRS has not presented a consistent position regarding standards for nonprofit hospitals. This paper examines the evolution of hospital tax-exempt status and its relationship to charity care. Given the IRS's evolving and conflicting definitions of charity care, we can expect this issue to be debated for a long time to come.

scholarly journals Youth’s Unemployment and Illiteracy: Impact on National Security, the Nigerian Experience

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
DA Akpan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
School Level ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
To Come

For a long time probably since late 1980s the youths of this nation have been on bondage as a result of unemployment caused by faulty institutional structures, illiteracy, corruption and poor management of resources. Though unemployment is a global phenomenon, the situation in Nigeria has reached the crises state, yet it is reported by economists, super financial institutions such as World Ban that the yearly growth of Nigeria economy is 7.8 percent. However, this paper espouses that unemployment, illiteracy and faulty institutional, corruption are some of the factors responsible for National insecurity. That National insecurity is characterized by violence, kidnapping, assassinations, armed robbery, food insecurity, environmental insecurity and other vices in the nation. Youths form the bulk of unemployed and are burden to national security. Government should therefore build strong economic institutions and those already in place, be strengthened to create jobs for the youths. The power sector demands immediate attention for power is the heart-beat of the nation the informal and formal sector to drive the economy. Efforts should be made to encourage vocational, technical and entrepreneurial education in Nigeria — for self employment. Education should be made free and compulsory t least) secondary school level. Nigerians in Diaspora with capital should be encouraged to come home and invest. Corruption and mismanagement of our resources ought to be dealt with vigour.

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