scholarly journals IoT: Smart Helmet for Bike Rider

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 4809-4814
Author(s):  
Kshiti Chintawar
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Injured Person

Road accidents are increasing in our country, most of them are caused due to negligence of not wearing the helmet, drink and drive and over speeding which many leads to death or severe injuries due to lack of medical treatments provided to the injured person at right time. This motivates us to think about making a system which ensures the safety of biker, by making it mandatory to wear the helmet by the rider to prevent head injuries that may lead to immediate death, prevent drink and drive scenario by testing the breath of the rider before the ride, prevent over speeding and rash riding by alerting the rider and also to provide proper medical attention, if met with an accident by notifying the concerned person with the location details.

scholarly journals Method to Assess and Enhance Vulnerable Road User Safety during Impact Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Road User ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road User ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

Every year approximately 1.35 million people die as a consequence of road accidents. Almost 50% of road fatalities are vulnerable road users (VRUs). This research reviews the history of traffic safety for VRUs, presents an interesting insight into the statistics and evaluates the current legislation in Europe for pedestrians, cyclists, children on bicycle-mounted seats and motorcyclists in terms of impact situations and applied criteria. This enabled the author to have a better perspective on how the VRUs’ safety is currently verified. Furthermore, the VRU safety requirements are contrasted with the author’s research, which is mainly focused on VRU’s head biomechanics and kinematics. Finally, a new coherent method is presented, which encompasses the sub-groups of VRUs and proposes some improvements to both the regulations as well as technical countermeasures to mitigate the injuries during an impact. This study highlights the importance of numerical methods, which can serve as a powerful tool to study VRUs’ head injuries and kinematics.

scholarly journals Cervical spine injuries in pediatric athletes: mechanisms and management

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Jagannathan ◽  
Aaron S. Dumont ◽  
Daniel M. Prevedello ◽  
Christopher I. Shaffrey ◽  
John A. Jane
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Spine Injury ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Cord Injury

✓Sports-related injuries to the spine, although relatively rare compared with head injuries, contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in children. The reported incidence of traumatic cervical spine injury in pediatric athletes varies, and most studies are limited because of the low prevalence of injury. The anatomical and biomechanical differences between the immature spine of pediatric patients and the mature spine of adults that make pediatric patients more susceptible to injury include a greater mobility of the spine due to ligamentous laxity, shallow angulations of facet joints, immature development of neck musculature, and incomplete ossification of the vertebrae. As a result of these differences, 60 to 80% of all pediatric vertebral injuries occur in the cervical region. Understanding pediatric injury biomechanics in the cervical spine is important to the neurosurgeon, because coaches, parents, and athletes who place themselves in positions known to be associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) run a higher risk of such injury and paralysis. The mechanisms of SCI can be broadly subclassified into five types: axial loading, dislocation, lateral bending, rotation, and hyperflexion/hyperextension, although severe injuries often result from a combination of more than one of these subtypes. The aim of this review was to detail the characteristics and management of pediatric cervical spine injury.

A prospective study of children with head injuries: II. Cognitive sequelae

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Chadwick ◽  
Michael Rutter ◽  
Gillian Brown ◽  
David Shaffer ◽  
Michael Traub
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Cognitive Sequelae

SYNOPSISA 2¼-year prospective study of children suffering head injury is described. Three groups of children were studied: (a) 31 children with ‘severe’ head injuries resulting in a post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) of at least 7 days; (b) an individually matched control group of 28 children with hospital treated orthopaedic injuries; and (c) 29 children with ‘mild’ head injuries resulting in a PTA exceeding 1 hour but less than 1 week. Individual psychological testing was carried out as soon as the child recovered from PTA, and then again 4 months, 1 year, and 2¼ years after the injury. A shortened version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability and a battery of tests of specific cognitive functions were employed. The mild head injury group had a mean level of cognitive functioning below the control group, but the lack of any recovery during the follow-up period indicated that the intellectual impairment was not a consequence of the injury. In the severe head injury group, the presence of cognitive recovery and a ‘dose—response’ relationship with the degree of brain injury showed that the intellectual deficits were caused by brain damage. Some degree of cognitive impairment was common following head injuries giving rise to a PTA of at least 2 weeks. Conversely no cognitive sequelae, transient or persistent, could be detected when the PTA was less than 24 hours. The results were less consistent in the 1-day to 2-week PTA range, but the evidence suggested that a broadly defined threshold for impairment operated at about that level of severity of injury. Timed measures of visuo-spatial and visuo-motor skills tended to show more impairment than verbal skills but otherwise there was no suggestion of a specific pattern of cognitive deficit. Recovery was most rapid in the early months after injury, but substantial recovery continued for 1 year with some improvement continuing in the second year in some children, especially those with the most severe injuries. Age, sex and social class showed no significant effects on the course of recovery.

scholarly journals Driver Drowsiness Detection Based on Face Feature and Perclos

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
S. Gopi ◽  
Dr. E. Punarselvam ◽  
K. Dhivya ◽  
K. Malathi ◽  
N. Sandhanaselvi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Steering Angle ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Drowsiness Detection ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Driver Drowsiness ◽  
The Face ◽  
Contactless System ◽  
Left And Right

Driving vehicles are complex and require undivided attention to prevent road accidents. Fatigue and distraction are a major risk factor that causes traffic accidents, severe injuries, and a high risk of death. Some progress has been made for driver drowsiness detection using a contact-based method that utilizes vehicle parts (such as steering angle and pressure on the pedal) and physiological signals (electrocardiogram and electromyogram). However, a contactless system is more potential for real-world conditions. In this study, we propose a computer vision-based method to detect driver's drowsiness from a video taken by a camera. The method attempts to recognize the face and then detecting the eye in every frame. From the detected eye, iris regions for left and right eyes are used to calculate the PERCLOS measure (the percentage of total time that eye is closed). The proposed method was evaluated based on public YawDD video dataset. The results found that PERCLOS value when the driver is alert is lower than when the driver is drowsy.

scholarly journals Activity Classification Feasibility Using Wearables: Considerations for Hip Fracture

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Gupta ◽  
Adnan Al-Anbuky ◽  
Peter McNair
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Acceleration Signal ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Ambulatory Activities

Falls in the elderly are a common health issue that can involve severe injuries like hip fractures, requiring considerable medical attention, and subsequent care. Following surgery, physiotherapy is essential for strengthening muscles, mobilizing joints and fostering the return to physical activities. Ideally, physiotherapy programmes would benefit from active home-based monitoring of the elderly patients’ daily activities and exercises. This paper aims at providing a preliminary analysis addressing three key research questions. First, what are the key involved activities (at-hospital, home exercises, and activities of daily living) during the post-operative hip fracture rehabilitation process? Second, how can one monitor and identify a range of leg exercises accurately? Last, what is the most suitable sensor location that can categorize the majority of the physical activities thought to be important during the rehabilitation programme? During preliminary testing, it was noted that a standard deviation of the acceleration signal was suitable for classification of static activities like sitting, whereas classification of the ambulatory activities like walking, both the frequency content and related amplitude of the acceleration signal, plays a significant role. The research findings suggest that the ankle is an appropriate location for monitoring most of the leg movement physical activities.

Injuries in elite women’s ski jumping: a cohort study following three International Ski Federation (FIS) World Cup seasons from 2017–2018 to 2019–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-104198
Author(s):  
Oleane Marthea Rebne Stenseth ◽  
Sindre Fløtlien Barli ◽  
R Kyle Martin ◽  
Lars Engebretsen
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Ski Jumping ◽  
Baseline Information

ObjectivesTo define incidence and injury patterns of International Ski Federation (FIS) World Cup (WC) women ski jumpers over three seasons.MethodsSki jump athletes competing in the Women’s FIS WC were recruited for prospective injury surveillance from 2017–2018 to 2019–2020. Team representatives recruited the athletes annually and prospectively recorded all injuries requiring medical attention. Retrospective end-of-season interviews corroborated injury surveillance. Medical doctors collected and processed the data. The 4-month competitive season was used to calculate the annual incidence of injuries per 100 athletes per season. Injury type, location, severity and aetiology were reported.ResultsAthletes from 19 nations were enrolled equalling 205 athlete-seasons. Mean age was 21.2 years (SD=3.8). Thirty-nine injury events resulted in 54 total injuries (26.3 injuries/100 athletes/season). Injuries were mostly acute (83%) and occurred on the ski jump hill (78%). The most common injury location was the knee (n=18, 33%). Crash landings were the most common cause of injury events (70%). Nearly half of the acute ski jump injury events occurred in snowy, windy or cloudy conditions (44%) and/or during telemark landings (46%), and most jumps (96%) were shorter than hill size. One third of the injuries were severe, and 78% of severe injuries involved the knee.ConclusionAcute injury events occur relatively frequently in elite women ski jumpers, most resulting in time-loss from sport and a significant proportion involving serious knee injuries. Crash landing was the leading cause of injury. This baseline information can be used to guide and evaluate future efforts at injury prevention.

Providing Safety and Detecting Accidents in Bike Transport With Smart Helmets Using IoT

2021 ◽  
pp. 280-303
Author(s):  
Santhi Selvaraj ◽  
Umakanth N.
Keyword(s):  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Fall Detection ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
The Road ◽  
Injured Person ◽  
Wireless Device ◽  
Rf Module ◽  
Day By Day

IoT is the network of interconnected devices or things that are embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity. The road mishaps are also increasing day by day, due to which many deaths occur, most of them caused by the negligence of not wearing helmets, and also many deaths occur due to lack of medical attention needed by the injured person, hence the need for a protective headgear that makes bike driving safer than before. This work is implemented by considering advanced features like alcohol detection and fall detection by using alcohol and accelerometer sensors and makes not only a smart helmet but also a feature for smart bikes. RF module is a wireless device that is used to communicate between transmitter and receiver. If the rider is found drunk, the ignition switch is locked automatically, and in event of accident, the abnormal value in accelerometer is detected and message is sent to their registered number by using GSM. Thus, if a bike rider falls from bike, the message is sent automatically, and medical attention is given immediately.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Severe Injuries Sustained by National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Aaron D. Gray ◽  
Aristarque Djoko ◽  
Thomas P. Dompier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Rate Ratios

Context: Few researchers have described the incidence of the most severe injuries sustained by student-athletes at the collegiate level. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of severe injuries within 25 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports in the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Aggregate injury and exposure data from 25 NCAA sports. Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate student-athletes in the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program were analyzed. A severe injury (1) occurred during a sanctioned competition or practice, (2) required medical attention by an athletic trainer or physician, and (3) resulted in at least 21 days lost from sport activity or a premature end to the sport season. Injury counts, proportions, rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 3183 severe injuries were reported, for an injury rate of 0.66/1000 AEs. Wrestling had the highest severe injury rate (1.73/1000 AEs), followed by women's gymnastics (1.40/1000 AEs) and football (0.97/1000 AEs). Overall, the severe injury rate was higher in competition than in practice (RR = 4.25, 95% CI = 3.97, 4.56). Most severe injuries were reported during the regular season (69.3%, n = 2206); however, severe injury rates did not differ between the preseason and regular season (RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.91, 1.06). Common severely injured body parts were the knee (32.9%, n = 1047), lower leg/ankle/foot (22.5%, n = 715), and head/face/neck (11.2%, n = 358). Common severe injury diagnoses were sprains (32.9%, n = 1048), strains (16.9%, n = 538), and fractures (14.4%, n = 458). Common severe injury mechanisms were player contact (39.3%, n = 1251), noncontact (25.1%, n = 800), and surface contact (12.0%, n = 383). Conclusions: Severe injuries occurred across many sports and by numerous mechanisms. By identifying these sport-specific patterns, clinicians' efforts can be tailored toward improving injury-prevention strategies and health outcomes.

Incidence and etiology of mortality in polytrauma patients: an analysis of material from Multitrauma Centre of the University Teaching Hospital no 1 in Szczecin, over a period of 3 years (2017-2019).

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dawid Ciechanowicz ◽  
Natalia Samojło ◽  
Jan Kozłowski ◽  
Cezary Pakulski ◽  
Andrzej Żyluk
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Death ◽  
Polytrauma Patients ◽  
The University

The pattern of traumatic death is a subject of great interest in the worldwide literature. Most studies have aimed to improve trauma care and raise awareness of avoidable fatal complications. The objective of present study was an epidemiological and clinical analysis of causes of traumatic death of the patients treated in Multitrauma Centre of the University Teaching Hospital no 1 in Szczecin, over a period of 3 years (2017-2019). Material of the study comprised of medical data of 32 patients in a mean age of 63 years, who died following polytrauma injury. Time of death form admission to the Multitrauma Centre, primary cause of death, spectrum and sites of injuries, as well as method of treatment (operative or conservative) were variables considered in the analysis. Results. The predominant mechanisms of injury were traffic accidents - 22 cases (69%) followed by falls from height 8 (25%) and other mechanism - 2 cases (6%). The most common primary cause of death was brain injury - 17 patients (53%) followed by pelvic or spine fractures - 5 (16%). The predominant constituents of polytrauma were bony injuries (pelvis, spine and limbs) - 28 cases (87%), followed by head injuries - 25 (78%), chest - 24 (75%) and abdominal injuries - 17 (53%). Eighteen patients (56%) required operative treatment; craniotomy for brain injuries was the most commonly performed - in 11 patients followed by laparotomy - in five. Five other patients underwent endovascular procedure - embolization of pelvic arteries. Twelve patients (38%) died in the first two days from admission to the trauma centre, five (16%) in the first week and 15 later than one week form admission. Conclusions. Head injuries, pelvic fractures with associated retroperitoneal bleeding and severe injuries affecting several body parts were identified to be the most dangerous for polytrauma patients’ survival. A trend to decrease mortality due to haemorrhagic shock was observed, but it remains unchanged for central nervous system injuries.

A Long Look at Head Injuries

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P S London
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Early Care ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Growing Population

Over the last 40 years, improved standards of early care have created a growing population of disabled survivors of severe injuries of the brain. Solutions for this growing problem exist but they can never be complete. There is understandable and justifiable concern about the deficiencies in the long-term care of the victims of severe injury of the brain, who are to some extent the price of success in the management of such injuries during the early stages and so keeping alive brains that cannot recover fully.

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