Character Portrayal: A Comparative Study of Vijay Tendulkar and Girish Karnad's Plays

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2139-2142
Author(s):  
Keerthana TR
Keyword(s):  
Women Characters ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
Indian Theatre

Abstract: India has the richest tradition in theatre which is closely related to ancient rituals and seasonal festivities of the country. The earliest contribution to the Indian theatre dating between 2000 BCE and 4th century CE is Bharata Muni's ‘Natya Shastra' which describes a theory of theatrical performance based on the style and motion. Theatre in India started as narrative with recitation, singing and dancing become an integral elements of the theatre. A search for an authentic Indian theatre had begun within fifty years of William Jones' translation Shakuntala in 1798. Some of the notable Indian playwrights are Girish Karnad, Vijay Tendulkar, Kalidasa , Badal Sarkar , Mohan Rakesh, Rabindranath Tagore. The objective of the paper is to study and compare the various women characters of Tendulkar’s ‘Kamala’, ‘Sakharam Binder’, ‘The Vultures’ and Karnad's selected plays ‘Nagamandala’ and ‘Hayavadana’. Karnad and Tendulkar are the giants of Indian theatre , who explored the overt and covert violence in human beings and revaluated the socio-cultural , historical , gender , caste and abided the consciousness of vulnerability in Indian social hierarchy (V.M Madge and Tutan Mukherjee).

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PALEOLITHIC PERIOD OF SOUTH ASIA AND EAST ASIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Marri Padmaja ◽  
B. K. Rangaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Development Of Language

E.B. Tylor and L.H. Morgan postulated that man kind as a whole has passed through the stages of savagery, barbarism and civilization. Tylor did n'st place specic cultures into different stages of cultural development of human beings, but Morgan subdivided the stage of savagery and barbarism each in to three groups , namely lower, middle and upper. He was of opinion that lower savagery began with development of language and gathering of fruits and nuts assubsistence. This stage ended with development of shing subsistence and use of re. No living example can be citedto this stratum.

scholarly journals Inference of Mulla Sadra's Ethical Views in the Four Realms of Meta-Ethics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Mehran Seif-Farshad ◽  
Yousef Kheire ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad Amin Madayen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Philosophy ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Intellectual System ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Philosophical Questions ◽  
Transcendent Wisdom

Meta-ethics is an important and fundamental part of ethical philosophy. Normative ethics discusses the ethical criterion and definition of happiness and obligation; but Meta-ethics deals with its background. In other words, it puts ethical propositions into philosophical questions in terms of meaning, cognition, and truth. In the intellectual system of transcendent wisdom, metaphysical issues and sheer philosophy are studied in order to help human beings to develop and transcend. In fact, human ethics and transcendence along with theology are two main goals of transcendent wisdom. In this regard, it is important to understand Mulla Sadra's views on meta-ethics as well as to discover and deduce it among Mulla Sadra's philosophical views. While defining meta-ethics, explaining its domains and asking main questions about each of these domains, the method of comparative study is used in this paper in order to provide the most appropriate and consistent possible answers to questions in the realm of meta-ethics - based on Mulla Sadra's views on the originality of existence Substantial motion and Union of Intelligent and Intelligible and so on. 

scholarly journals UNTOUCHABILITY-THE PLIGHT OF DALITS: IN THE WORKS OF DALIT WRITERS, DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR AND OM PRAKASH VALMIKI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Payal Bhardwaj ◽  
Vikas Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Legal Empowerment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Indian History ◽  
The Right

The right to live a dignified life is one of the basic necessities of human beings. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, self-esteem and being respected takes almost the topmost position in a person’s psychological needs. Women’s suffragette, the civil movements for equality of African- American’s and other such movements in history are a testament of the same. However, Indian history reeks of a dark past, a past that not only differentiated amongst people, but treated them worse than animals. The Indian society’s ‘Chaturvarna’ system placed the untouchables in the lowest social category. They are also called ‘Dalits’, which literally translates to ‘broken men’. The untouchables were forced to inhumane treatment and atrocities for no fault of their own. Basic rights such as drinking water, food, proper accommodation and even walking on roads were not allowed to them. With the efforts of visionaries and social workers, the condition improved; but it is still not a complete victory. This paper is but a feeble light shining on the struggles that come with unfair castigation of this social hierarchy. It also points out how plight of Dalits is addressed in writings of the Dalit writers. Dalit writers suggested that the plight of Dalits can only be addressed through social consciousness, which can only come with education and legal empowerment.

Introduction

Slave No More ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aline Helg
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Slave Resistance ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Personal Property

This introductory section presents the historiography of the slave trade and the humanity of the slaves involved. How did slaves express themselves as human beings and social actors in their own right, when the laws of the time primarily considered them to be personal property? Spanning the early sixteenth century to 1838 and considering the entirety of the continental and Caribbean Americas, the author utilizes a multidimensional approach to conduct a long-term comparative study of the Americas, revealing the breadth and success of actions taken by slaves to liberate themselves long before abolitionism. This section also examines the particular circumstances of slaves and the actions of slaves who were able to obtain their own freedom, which reveals how slaves ultimately sped up the abolition of slavery. Looking at various forms of slave resistance also demonstrates the affirmation of slaves' intrinsic humanity. Finally, the introduction provides a review of secondary literature that serves as the foundation of Helg's book.

Indoor air quality prediction using optimizers: A comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 7053-7069
Author(s):  
Jagriti Saini ◽  
Maitreyee Dutta ◽  
Gonçalo Marques
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Human Beings

Indoor air pollution (IAP) has become a serious concern for developing countries around the world. As human beings spend most of their time indoors, pollution exposure causes a significant impact on their health and well-being. Long term exposure to particulate matter (PM) leads to the risk of chronic health issues such as respiratory disease, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease. In India, around 200 million people use fuel for cooking and heating needs; out of which 0.4% use biogas; 0.1% electricity; 1.5% lignite, coal or charcoal; 2.9% kerosene; 8.9% cow dung cake; 28.6% liquified petroleum gas and 49% use firewood. Almost 70% of the Indian population lives in rural areas, and 80% of those households rely on biomass fuels for routine needs. With 1.3 million deaths per year, poor air quality is the second largest killer in India. Forecasting of indoor air quality (IAQ) can guide building occupants to take prompt actions for ventilation and management on useful time. This paper proposes prediction of IAQ using Keras optimizers and compares their prediction performance. The model is trained using real-time data collected from a cafeteria in the Chandigarh city using IoT sensor network. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a comparative study on the implementation of seven Keras Optimizers for IAQ prediction. The results show that SGD optimizer outperforms other optimizers to ensure adequate and reliable predictions with mean square error = 0.19, mean absolute error = 0.34, root mean square error = 0.43, R2 score = 0.999555, mean absolute percentage error = 1.21665%, and accuracy = 98.87%.

Harmony, hierarchy and duty based morality

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Weatherley
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Per Se

This article examines and rejects the perspective that Confucianism was compatible with a notion of rights. In contrast to the established doctrine of human rights which conceives human beings as moral equals, Confucianism was grounded in a philosophy and practice of moral inequality which measured human morality in relation to each person’s position in the familial and social hierarchy. The roots of the Confucian antipathy towards human rights stemmed from the overriding significance attached to the attainment of social harmony since it was this that justified the apparent need for a hierarchical and therefore unequal society. This propensity towards harmony and hierarchy also ran counter to the notion that individuals possessed rights per se. With each person in the hierarchy expected to perform an onerous array of duties, there was little, if any, room for the pursuit of independent or separate interests. Consequently, any understanding that individuals were endowed with “rights” was stifled from the outset.

A Comparative Study of the Islamic Satan and the Miltonic Satan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1254
Author(s):  
Jawad Anwari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Islam And Christianity

Paradise Lost has been treated as a controversial epic in misrepresenting characters among some religious writers. In this wonderful epic or out of that, the Satan’s story is a world of ambiguity and bewilderment for human beings, it still continues being obscure. The interpretation of holy scripts causes some misconceptions, overstating and exaggeration especially about Satan. Satan was expelled from the God’s mercy and from His forbearance. He continued to justify his disobedience, he was considered to be very arrogant. This research is going to survey or investigate the comparative and contrastive points of the Holy Quran and the Paradise Lost about Satan. Christian religion is issuing from Heaven and so is Islam. As well as the Paradise Lost was inspired from biblical verses. Hence some matters in case of Satan can be traced and surveyed looking to Quranic text and Miltonic text in this paper. Muslims believe and respect Jesus Christ’s Prophecy. Islam and Christianity both can be celestial religions with the same roots but some differences. In Paradise Lost Satan is presented as magnitude leading character, but from the other side Holy Quran presented Satan is a very wicked and outcast character. Milton attempted to draw God as a passive character and from the other side he also drew Satan as a so active character in his epic poem. Therefore, the similarities and some differences in favor of Satan would be discussed in this scholarly research paper.

“Stung by a bee, you fear a fly”: Areal and universal aspects of Lahu proverbial wisdom

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Matisoff
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Shed Light

Abstractqhɔ-qhô ί-kâʔ cɔ̀, Lâhō tɔ̂-mɔ̂ cɔ̀.The mountains have [springs of] water; the Lahu have proverbs. (#1012)Proverbs are a particularly interesting type of sentential formulaic expression. This paper analyses a rich corpus of proverbs in Lahu, a language of the Central Loloish branch of Tibeto-Burman, in terms of both their syntactic structure and their semantic content. Overwhelmingly bipartite in form, these proverbs reflect cultural and moral preoccupations of the Lahu people, and are sometimes expressed in similes and metaphors that are quite obscure to the outsider. They make implicit or explicit analogies between phenomena in the outside world and aspects of the behaviour of human beings. They often use earthy, scatological imagery, which tends to be bowdlerized in Chinese translation. Many of them bear a resemblance to the cryptic Chinese folk similes known as xiēhòuyû 歇后语. The proverbs cited are compared to similar ones in other languages, revealing the universal aspects of folk wisdom. Most Lahu proverbs seem to be original creations, although some look like literal equivalents of Western or Chinese sayings. A full-scale comparative study of Sino-Tibetan proverbs would shed light on possible paths of transmission, whether via missionaries or Chinese or Indian influence.

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