scholarly journals Probabilistic Assessment of Sandwiched Concrete Slabs in Deflection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2052-2058
Author(s):  
K. U. Unamba
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Probabilistic Evaluation ◽  
Eurocode 2 ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Design Requirements

Abstract: This study presents a probabilistic evaluation of concrete sand-witched hollow core slabs in accordance with the design requirements of BS8110 (1985; 1997) and Eurocode 2 (2008). The First Order Reliability Method (FORM) was used in computing the probability of failure. For the deflection failure, the effect of varying the load ratio and the breadth of slab on the reliability analysis were carried out at the following values of concrete strengths ݂ܿu: 25N/mm2 , 30 N/mm2 , 40 N/mm2 , 50 N/mm2 . The results indicate that deflection characteristics of the slab are directly affected by the concrete strength, loadings, breadth of slab selected. Thus, the deflection of the slab increases with increases in loading, hollow core, breadth of slab and decrease in concrete strength. This shows that the safety index of reinforced sandwiched concrete slab in deflection generally decreases as the load ratio and breadth of slab increase for each combination of concrete strength. Keywords: Probabilistic Analysis, Sandwiched Concrete, Reliability Analysis, Stochastic Model, FORM

scholarly journals Reliability Analysis of a Solid Timber Column Subjected to Axial and Lateral Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sule Samuel ◽  
M J Benu
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Lateral Loading ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Timber Column ◽  
Bending Failure

In this paper, a reliability analysis of a solid timber column of square cross section subjected to axial and lateral loading in accordance with the design requirements of Eurocode 5 is carried out. Compression and bending were the two failure criteria considered in the reliability investigation. The First Order Reliability method was employed to solve the limit state functions formed from the two failure criteria and was coded in MATLAB for quick estimation of the reliability indices. The results obtained showed that both the load and slenderness ratios have effects on the reliability of a solid timber column. The results of the sensitivity analysis carried out on the stochastic variables showed that the reliability indices decreased with increase in slenderness ratio for 3m, 4m and 5m length of column considering both the compression and bending failure modes and decreased with increase in load ratio for 3m, 4m and 5m length of column considering both the compression and bending failure modes. The reliability indices also decreased with increase in length of column mode and decreased with increase in ratio considering bending failure mode. The reliability indices were also found to decrease with increase in load ratio for varying values of axial and lateral loads at constant slenderness ratio and length of column considering compression and bending failure modes. The choice of adequate and suitable dimensions having a lower slenderness ratio will enhance the reliability of the column. Keywords- Reliability analysis, solid timber column, Eurocode 5, failure criteria, slenderness ratio 

Experimental Study on Bending Behavior of Cold-Rolled Deformed Steel Bars Reinforced Concrete Slabs

2013 ◽  
Vol 639-640 ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Qing Jun Chen ◽  
An He ◽  
Guang Bin Pan ◽  
Jian Cai ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Minimum Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slabs ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Deformed Bar

Cold-rolled deformed bar with wing is a new type of cold-rolled deformed bar, it has high tensile strength and better ductility than the general cold-rolled deformed bars, and has good bonding properties with concrete. Five types of totally 15 full-scale specimens were tested to investigate the mechanical behavior, failure mode and the suitable value of minimum reinforcement ratio of concrete slab with cold-rolled deformed bar with wing. Experimental parameters include the reinforcement ratio, concrete strength, and reinforcement diameter. The deflection of mid-span, the strain of cold-rolled deformed bar and the crack width measured under each load level were studied. The test shows that the specimens with the reinforcement ratio of 0.15% present ductile failure, while those with the reinforcement ratio of 0.12% present brittle failure. Based on the results of the experiment, this paper suggests that the value of minimum reinforcement ratio of concrete slabs with cold-rolled deformed bar with wing could be 0.15%.

scholarly journals RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF A TWO SPAN FLOOR DESIGNED ACCORDING TO EUROCODE 5

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
EN Ogork ◽  
AK Nakore
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Reliability Method

This paper presents the structural reliability assessment of a two span timber floor of strength class D40 designed in accordance with Eurocode 5 (2004).  The Structural analysis and design of the timber floor system was carried out using deterministic approach, considering both ultimate and serviceability limit states. Reliability analysis of the floor structural elements to ascertain its level of safety was carried out using first order reliability method (FORM) for the four modes of failure of bending shear, bearing and deflection. The reliability analysis involved investigation of the effects of variation of the applied dead to live load ratio and the cross sectional parameters of the floor. The results revealed that the deterministic design is satisfactory as limiting stresses and deflection were not exceeded. The primary floor joists had safety indices in shear and bending of 1.2 to 2.8 with decrease in dead to live load ratio and were below the recommended safety index of 3.8 specified in joint committee on structural safety (JCSS). The timber floor structural elements are more reliable in bearing, shear and deflection and critical in bending mode of failure. The section depth and span of floor elements are more sensitive in bending and deflection modes than shear and bearing modes. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.3

scholarly journals ALGORITHM FOR DEFORMATION ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS WITH UNILATERAL BONDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
I. N. Serpik ◽  
K. V. Muymarov ◽  
S. N. Shvachko
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Finite Elements ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Secant Method ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Transverse Cracks ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slabs

A computation scheme for the analysis of reinforced concrete slabs using the finite element method providing possibility to consider unilateral connections has been developed. The stress-strain state of a slab is modeled taking into account physically nonlinear behavior of concrete and reinforcement, reinforcement discreteness, formation of transverse cracks in concrete. Kirchhoff hypotheses are considered to be true for a slab as a whole. It is believed that reinforcement out of cracks has a perfect adhesion with concrete. Concrete is represented by a system of thin layers, each of which is in a two-dimensional stress state. Approximation of displacements in this multilayer scheme is performed using triangular plate finite elements. Deformation of the reinforcement is described by means of rods working only in tension or compression. Unilateral connections are the contact finite elements. Concrete strength is evaluated according to Karpenko criterion. Deformation of concrete between cracks is described in accordance with Murashev’s approach.On the basis of the principle of virtual displacements assembling of elements takes place. A secant method case providing the convergence of the iterative process for a complex nonlinear problem of this type is proposed. At the first stage, a step-by-step increase of external forces is provided until the actual level of loading is achieved. Only one iteration of the secant method is performed at each step. Then, the iterative solution of the problem with repeated change of secant modulus is applied. The efficiency of this algorithm is confirmed on the basis of theoretical analysis and experiment for a rectangular in terms of bending reinforced concrete slab with free bearing on three sides, and not fixed on the fourth side. Three slab samples were tested and formation of cracks was monitored, measurement of deformations and displacements were performed

Experimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of Hollow Core Concrete Slabs

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.V. Prakashan ◽  
Jessymol George ◽  
Jeena B. Edayadiyil ◽  
Jerin M. George
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Control Specimen ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Core Concrete

Hollow core concrete slabs have many advantages over the conventional solid concrete slabs. The flexural behavior of this type of slabs have not been investigated in detail in the past. The study here addressed this issue by conducting experimental study of four different hollow core concrete slabs along with a solid concrete slab as a control specimen. The load deflection curves were obtained along with the failure load and deflection at the first crack. The effectiveness of the conventional flexural capacity equation in predicting the capacity of hollow core slabs was evaluated. The results from the experimental study were also utilized to do a comparative study among the specimens studied. The study concluded that the conventional flexural strength equation can be used for hollow core slabs too and they have better performance than solid concrete slabs both in terms of load - deflection behavior and serviceability.

scholarly journals Performance of Hollow Core Concrete Slab reinforced by embedded steel tubes

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Yousif Dhari Awad ◽  
Ali Hussein Ali Al-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Total Width ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Core Concrete

The aims of this paper are gaining additive knowledge about using steel tubes as reinforcement for hollow-core concrete slabs. For this purpose, this paper presents an investigation of how one-way concrete slabs would behave after embedding steel tubes within the cross section. Five concrete slabs were cast, these specimens differ from one another in the horizontal distance (spacing) between the two steel tubes placed within its cross section, steel tubes positioned in the center of the shorter lane of the specimen (width) which is 400 mm, the steel tubes spaced from each other with 4 different configurations, they were 0, 100, 200 and 300 mm. The ratio of the clear spacing between the two tubes and to the total width of the specimen is indicated (s/b) equal to (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75). In addition to one solid slab cast and tested as a reference for the testing results. All five concrete slabs were loaded up to failure by submitting load at one point at the center of the slab. Only one variable was deemed to be considered and checked on this study which is the (s/b) ratio defined earlier. The results exhibit that, using steel tubes as reinforcement increase the first crack load by 12.75% compared to the reference slab, as well as increasing the ultimate load capacity by 59.02% compared to the reference slab. As for the mid-span deflection, the specimens with steel tubes embedded decreased the deflection values up to 47.37 %.

scholarly journals FIRE RESISTANCE PROVIDING OF HOLLOW‐CORE CONCRETE SLABS USING SHEET BUILDING MATERIALS

Fire Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
A. A. Renkas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Radiation Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Radiation Heat ◽  
Core Concrete

Introduction. This paper deals with the analysis of world experience in fire resistance providing of hollow‐core concrete slabs. To protect concrete structures are used many structural applications: thermal coatings and materials. The research first analyzes main methods and hypothesis using to make temperature analysis of solution fire resistance of concrete structures. Problem of making temperature analysis of hollow‐core concrete slabs are nonlinear thermal material properties and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores. The aim of this paper is to establish the temperature distribution in hollow‐core concrete slab considering radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores in case of fire in compartment that is spreading by standard temperature-time curve. In addition, the aim is to substantiate the possibility of using gypsum panels to provide fire resistance of hollowcore concrete slabs. Material statement. The paper reports the results of modeling the process of heat transfer in hollow‐core concrete slab, between compartment space and slab surface and in hollow‐cores. To calculate temperature fields in hollow‐core concrete slab considering nonlinear thermal material properties and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores was used finite element model. At addition, the results of finite elements simulations show temperature fields in hollow‐core concrete slab and gypsum panels that installed under concrete slab. Scientific novelty. The paper reports results of theoretic substantiated of possibility of using gypsum panels to protect of hollow‐core concrete slabs considering nonlinear thermal material properties, radiation heat transfer between surfaces and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores. The results indicate that using gypsum panels to protect of hollow‐core concrete slabs reduces speed heating of concrete elements to critical temperatures that increase fire resistance of hollow‐core concrete slabs to 20.4 %.

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Uniform and Pitting Corrosion and Brittle Fracture

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1820
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Amine Ben Seghier ◽  
Behrooz Keshtegar ◽  
Hussam Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
State Function ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Reliability Method

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams are basic elements used in the construction of various structures and infrastructural systems. When exposed to harsh environmental conditions, the integrity of RC beams could be compromised as a result of various deterioration mechanisms. One of the most common deterioration mechanisms is the formation of different types of corrosion in the steel reinforcements of the beams, which could impact the overall reliability of the beam. Existing classical reliability analysis methods have shown unstable results when used for the assessment of highly nonlinear problems, such as corroded RC beams. To that end, the main purpose of this paper is to explore the use of a structural reliability method for the multi-state assessment of corroded RC beams. To do so, an improved reliability method, namely the three-term conjugate map (TCM) based on the first order reliability method (FORM), is used. The application of the TCM method to identify the multi-state failure of RC beams is validated against various well-known structural reliability-based FORM formulations. The limit state function (LSF) for corroded RC beams is formulated in accordance with two corrosion types, namely uniform and pitting corrosion, and with consideration of brittle fracture due to the pit-to-crack transition probability. The time-dependent reliability analyses conducted in this study are also used to assess the influence of various parameters on the resulting failure probability of the corroded beams. The results show that the nominal bar diameter, corrosion initiation rate, and the external loads have an important influence on the safety of these structures. In addition, the proposed method is shown to outperform other reliability-based FORM formulations in predicting the level of reliability in RC beams.

scholarly journals Effect of the Geometrical Constraints to the Wenner Four-Point Electrical Resistivity Test of Reinforced Concrete Slabs

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4622
Author(s):  
Kevin Paolo V. Robles ◽  
Jurng-Jae Yee ◽  
Seong-Hoon Kee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slabs ◽  
Spacing Ratio ◽  
Geometrical Constraints

The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of geometrical constraints of plain concrete and reinforced concrete slabs on the Wenner four-point concrete electrical resistivity (ER) test through numerical and experimental investigation and to propose measurement recommendations for laboratory and field specimens. First, a series of numerical simulations was performed using a 3D finite element model to investigate the effects of geometrical constraints (the dimension of concrete slabs, the electrode spacing and configuration, and the distance of the electrode to the edges of concrete slabs) on ER measurements of concrete. Next, a reinforced concrete slab specimen (1500 mm (width) by 1500 mm (length) by 300 mm (thickness)) was used for experimental investigation and validation of the numerical simulation results. Based on the analytical and experimental results, it is concluded that measured ER values of regularly shaped concrete elements are strongly dependent on the distance-to-spacing ratio of ER probes (i.e., distance of the electrode in ER probes to the edges and/or the bottom of the concrete slabs normalized by the electrode spacing). For the plain concrete, it is inferred that the thickness of the concrete member should be at least three times the electrode spacing. In addition, the distance should be more than twice the electrode spacing to make the edge effect almost negligible. It is observed that the findings from the plain concrete are also valid for the reinforced concrete. However, for the reinforced concrete, the ER values are also affected by the presence of reinforcing steel and saturation of concrete, which could cause disruptions in ER measurements

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