scholarly journals Preparation, Evaluation & Optimization of Nanoparticles Composed of Pyridostigmine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1422-1438
Author(s):  
Niwash Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Nanoparticle Formulation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to prepare Pyridostigmine nanoparticles for control release of Pyridostigmine to improve the oral bioavailability, enhance the solubility and dissolution rate by decreasing particle size of drug. Infrared spectroscopic studies confirmed that there was no interaction between drug and polymers. The controlled release Pyridostigmine nanoparticles were prepared by Solvent evaporation by using Ethyl cellulose, Chitosan & HPMC K100 at different ratios. The production yield of the formulated controlled release nanoparticles (F1 to F16) in the range of 76.11 % to 83.58 %. The drug content of the formulated controlled release nanoparticles (F1 to F16) in the range of 82.56 %to 98.20%. The Theoretical loading of the formulated controlled release nanoparticles (F1- F16) in the range of 24.43 % to 64.24%. The entrapment efficiency increased with increasing the concentration of polymers and the formulations containing chitosan nanoparticles F6 (1:2) showed better entrapment (90.94%) among all formulation. The solubility of selected formulation (F6) in 0.2 M Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 increased when compared to pure drug. Particle size distribution was determined by Malvern zeta size, the size range for produced nanoparticles in the range of 200 nm to 400 nm. The Polydispersity index of selected nanoparticle formulation (F6) was indicated a narrow range and a homogeneous size distribution of particles. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out in 0. 2N PBS for 2 hours and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 for 10 hours. The formulations shows controlled release of drug up to 12 hrs and all formulations showed more than 75% of drug release. The release kinetics showed that the formulations were complies with Zero order kinetics followed by diffusion controlled mechanism. The best formulation F6 was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy, particle size, Polydispersity index & zeta potential and Scanning Electron microscopy. Best formulation of nanoparticles shown the extent of drug release was found to be F6 (96.93%) in 12 hrs. SEM studies confirmed the morphology of the nanoparticle formulation. Keywords: Polydispersity index, Zeta potential, Scanning Electron microscopy, Pyridostigmine

A Hydrogen Peroxide Electrochemical Sensor Based on Co-Doped Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Cui ◽  
Yi Qi Sun ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Xu Chun Song
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Co Doped ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present paper, the Co-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation process. The morphologies size of the Co-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structure of the products were characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD). The composition of the product was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS). The results show that the phase structure of the Co-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles is spinel Fe3O4 with the particle size ranging from 40 to 50 nm. The prepared Co-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles electrode was then applied to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in 0.01 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer medium.

Spontaneous Cataract in Nude Athymic Mice

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Bradley ◽  
R. S. Berk ◽  
L. D. Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nude Mouse ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Athymic Mice ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Mouse Lens ◽  
Scanning Electron

The nude mouse is a hairless mutant (homozygous for the mutation nude, nu/nu), which is born lacking a thymus and possesses a severe defect in cellular immunity. Spontaneous unilateral cataractous lesions were noted (during ocular examination using a stereomicroscope at 40X) in 14 of a series of 60 animals (20%). This transmission and scanning microscopic study characterizes the morphology of this cataract and contrasts these data with normal nude mouse lens.All animals were sacrificed by an ether overdose. Eyes were enucleated and immersed in a mixed fixative (1% osmium tetroxide and 6% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 0-4°C) for 3 hours, dehydrated in graded ethanols and embedded in Epon-Araldite for transmission microscopy. Specimens for scanning electron microscopy were fixed similarly, dehydrated in graded ethanols, then to graded changes of Freon 113 and ethanol to 100% Freon 113 and critically point dried in a Bomar critical point dryer using Freon 13 as the transition fluid.

Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Bentonit Alam Menjadi Nanopartikel Monmorillonit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaimahwati Zaimahwati ◽  
Yuniati Yuniati ◽  
Ramzi Jalal ◽  
Syahman Zhafiri ◽  
Yuli Yetri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

<p>Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi bentonit alam menjadi nanopartikel montmorillonit. Bentonit alam yang digunakan diambil dari desa Blangdalam, Kecamatan Nisam Kabupaten Aceh Utara.  Proses isolasi meliputi proses pelarutan dengan aquades, ultrasonic dan proses sedimentasi. Untuk mengetahui karakterisasi montmorillonit dilakukan uji FT-IR, X-RD dan uji morfologi permukaan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Partikel size analyzer untuk menganalisis dan menentukan ukuran nanopartikel dari isolasi bentonit alam. Dari hasil penelitian didapat ukuran nanopartikel montmorillonit hasil isolasi dari bentonit alam diperoleh berdiameter rata-rata 82,15 nm.</p><p><em>In this research we have isolated and characterized natural bentonite into montmorillonite nanoparticles. Natural bentonite used was taken from Blangdalam village, Nisam sub-district, North Aceh district. The isolation process includes dissolving process with aquades, ultrasonic and sedimentation processes.  The characterization of montmorillonite, FT-IR, X-RD and surface morphology test by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Particle size analyzer to analyze and determine the size of nanoparticles from natural bentonite insulation. From the research results obtained the size of montmorillonite nanoparticles isolated from natural bentonite obtained an average diameter of 82.15 nm.</em></p>

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of AlgNa-g-poly(QCL-co-HEMA) Hydrogels as Platform for Chondrocyte Proliferation and Controlled Release of Betamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5730
Author(s):  
Jomarien García-Couce ◽  
Marioly Vernhes ◽  
Nancy Bada ◽  
Lissette Agüero ◽  
Oscar Valdés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hydrogels obtained from combining different polymers are an interesting strategy for developing controlled release system platforms and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the applicability of sodium alginate-g-(QCL-co-HEMA) hydrogels for these biomedical applications was evaluated. Hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization using a different concentration of the components. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a swelling degree. Betamethasone release as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility with chondrocytes and fibroblast cells were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the porous surface morphology of the hydrogels in all cases. The swelling percent was determined at a different pH and was observed to be pH-sensitive. The controlled release behavior of betamethasone from the matrices was investigated in PBS media (pH = 7.4) and the drug was released in a controlled manner for up to 8 h. Human chondrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured on the hydrogels. The MTS assay showed that almost all hydrogels are cytocompatibles and an increase of proliferation in both cell types after one week of incubation was observed by the Live/Dead® assay. These results demonstrate that these hydrogels are attractive materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their characteristics, their release kinetics, and biocompatibility.

Microstructure Investigations of Streak Formation in 6063 Aluminum Extrusions by Optical Metallographic Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Vander Voort ◽  
Beatriz Suárez-Peña ◽  
Juan Asensio-Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Magnesium Silicide ◽  
Precipitation Strengthening ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Aluminum Extrusions ◽  
Extruded Products ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of the solidification strategy for AA 6063 alloy on the surface appearance of anodized extrusions. The microstructure of the samples was analyzed using both light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that if heavy segregation occurs from rapid solidification, coarse Mg2Si particles form, thus reducing the potential for precipitation strengthening by the finer β-Mg2Si developed in the solid state. Differentially-strained regions formed during hot extrusion induce differences in particle size for magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) precipitates. Anodizing generates surface roughness due to Mg2Si particle dissolution and AlFeSi decohesion, which is related to both particle size and deformation. During anodizing, an oxide layer forms on the surface of the extruded products, which can lead to streak formation, usually a subject of rejection due to unacceptable heterogeneous reflectivity.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL EKSTRAK ETANOL TEMU KUNCI (Boesenbergia pandurata) PADA BERBAGAI VARIASI KOMPOSISI KITOSAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessy Kurniasari ◽  
Sri Atun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat dan mengetahui karakteristik nanopartikel dari ekstrak etanol temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) dan rasio optimal variasi konsentrasi kitosan dan NaTPP dalam pembuatan nanopartikel temu kunci.            Pembuatan ekstrak temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) menggunakan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol teknis 96% dilanjutkan evaporasi hingga terbentuk ekstrak kental temu kunci. Koloid nanopartikel dibuat dengan mencampurkan ekstrak temu kunci dalam etanol p.a, akuades, larutan kitosan dalam asam asetat glasial, dan larutan NaTPP. Ada 9 variasi komposisi antara larutan kitosan dan  NaTPP yakni rasio (5:1); (10:1); (15:1); (20:1); (3,33:1); (8:1); (9:1); (11:1); dan (12:1). Padatan dalam koloid nanopartikel dipisahkan dengan cara sentrifugasi. Endapan yang didapatkan disimpan dalam freezer. Koloid nanopartikel yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) dan Zeta Sizeruntuk mengetahui ukuran partikel dan nilai zeta potensial. Padatan yang didapatkan dari proses sentrifugasi selanjutnya dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) untuk mengetahui kondisi morfologi padatan tersebut. Karakterisasi dengan KLT pada padatan yang didapatkan bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesamaan kandungan senyawa antara ekstrak etanol temu kunci dan ekstrak etanol temu kunci dalam sediaan berukuran nano.            Koloid nanopartikel yang telah dibuat berwarna kuning dan setelah di sentrifugasi terbentuk padatan berwarna kuning kecokelatan. Karakterisasi menggunakan PSA menunjukkan ukuran partikel pada rentang 389-877 nm sebanyak 98,1% pada rasio konsentrasi kitosan dan NaTPP = (8:1). Nilai rerata zeta potensial adalah 41,87 mV. Hasil foto SEM menunjukkan morfologi partikel yang memiliki permukaan yang tidak rata. Rf keenam sampel menunjukkan hasil bahwa senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol temu kunci maupun ekstrak etanol temu kunci dalam sediaan nanopartikel adalah sama. Kata Kunci : kitosan, NaTPP, ekstrak etanol temu kunci, KLT, SEM, PSA, zeta sizer

scholarly journals SODIUM ALGINATE/GELATIN MICROBEADS-INTERCALATED WITH KAOLIN NANOCLAY FOR EMERGING DRUG DELIVERY IN WILSON’S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. SREEKANTH REDDY ◽  
M. C. S. SUBHA ◽  
T. JITHENDRA ◽  
C. MADHAVI ◽  
K. CHOWDOJI RAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: The aim of the present study was to fabricate and evaluate the drug release studies using Sodium Alginate (SA) and Gelatin (GE) microbeads intercalated with Kaolin (KA) nanoclay for sustained release of D-Penicillamine (D-PA). Methods: Sodium alginate/gelatin/Kaolin blend microbeads were prepared by an extrusion method by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. The obtained microbeads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X–ray diffraction (XRD). Drug release kinetics of the microbeads was investigated in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. Results: Microbeads formation was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. X-RD reveals that the KA should be intercalated with the drug and also it confirms the molecular level dispersion of D-Penicillamine into microbeads. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that the beads were in spherical shape with some wrinkled depressions on the surface. The in vitro release study indicates the D-Penicillamine released in a controlled manner. The in vitro release kinetics was assessed by Korsmeyer-Peppas equation and the ‘n’ value lies in between 0.557-0.693 indicates Non-Fickian diffusion process. Conclusion: The results suggest that the developed KA intercalated microbeads are good potential drug carrier for the controlled release of D-PA.

Novel Methods for Preparation and Surface Treatment of Nano-CaCO3

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 336-339
Author(s):  
Fa Chao Wu ◽  
Teng Fei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, CaCO3 nanoparticles have been synthesized via heat-treatment of a new precursor. Effect of calcinations temperature on particle size has been investigated. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). nanoCaCO3 was modified using chloroform as solvent and fatty acid as modifier atroom temperature. The advantage of this modification is that it can be proceed at room temperature and it can reduce energy consumption.

Microcysys in the Posteroventral Cochlear Nucleus of the Gerbil by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 257-258
Author(s):  
S.M. Yu ◽  
C.I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Ethanol Series ◽  
Scanning Electron

Microcysts are most evident in the posteroventral and anteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN & AVCN) of the gerbil. They are reported as a neurodegenerative disorder or spongioform degeneration or a dynamic process related to the degree of auditory stimulation in the cochlear nucleus of the gerbil. Little information is avalable on the origin and formation of microcysts in the cochlear nucleus of the gerbil. The aim of this study was to investigate the internal morphologic changes of microcysts in the gerbil PVCN during postnatal development by scanning electron microscopy.The mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, were sacrificed by cardiac perfusion of a saline nitrite flush, followed by a 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer. After fixation the brain were washed in 0.1M phosphate buffer ,embedded in 5% agar, vibratome-sliced through the cochlear nucleus, and then postfixed in the 1% osmium tetroxide in 0.1M phosphate buffer for one hour. The sectioned tissues were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series to absolute ethanol and transferred to liquid carbon dioxide for critical point drying.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document