scholarly journals Impacts of temperature on the stress-strain state of aerial braces of arch systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Igor Makhov
Keyword(s):  
Zero Point ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Arch System

Introduction. In landmark buildings, floorings and roofs are performed as vault and arch systems. For accommodation of horizontal forces in the arches, aerial braces are used. Aerial braces of an arch system are a tie made of wrought iron with a cross-sectional area from 10 to 50 cm2. In the scientific and technical literature, information on aerial braces is extremely poor. Materials and methods. To assess the impacts of temperature deformations on the bearing strength of the aerial braces, a computational analysis was performed. On the basis of data on standard structural schemes of the landmark buildings, the characteristic length of aerial braces was taken into account. Averaged climatic data calculated on the basis of weather observations for the period 1988–2017 for 13 climatic regions of Russia were analysed. Since the data on the temperature of the closure of the distance piece system are irrevocably missing, two variants of the outdoor temperature were considered for the installation of the aerial braces: zero and the maximum summer temperature. Results. Calculations were carried out and the strain arising in the aerial braces at the corresponding temperature elongation values obtained under recognition of the different temperatures of arch system closure was determined. Totally 78 temperature graphs were obtained and analysed for different climate areas, with different closure temperatures of arched systems. Conclusions. It was found out that, for the assessment of the impacts of temperature deformation on the bearing capacity of aerial braces, the actual temperature of the arch system closure is decisive. The safety factor of the bearing strength of aerial braces of arch systems for most climatic zones exceeds 50 % and can reach 92 %. At the same time, for two areas with significant negative temperatures in the winter period, the utilization ratio of aerial braces can reach 0.6–0.63. The maximum temperature elongation of aerial braces with a length of 6 m does not exceed 3 mm in case of mounting at the maximum summer temperature and 2 mm at the zero point.

scholarly journals Temperature Change and Its Elevation Dependency in the Source Region of the Yangtze River and Yellow River

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongyi E ◽  
Hongchang Hu ◽  
Hong Xie ◽  
Yongjuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Extreme Minimum Temperature ◽  
The Mean

The study of temperature change and its elevation dependency in the source region of the Yangtze River and Yellow River have been insufficient owing to the lack of adequate observation stations and long-term climatic data. In this study five temperature indices of 32 stations from 1961 to 2007 in and near the source region are used. The 32 stations all have experienced significant warming; the warming amplitudes are higher than the mean warming amplitude of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The warming amplitudes and the numbers of stations showing significant warming trends in mean minimum temperature and extreme minimum temperature are higher than that of the mean maximum temperature and extreme maximum temperature. The elevation dependency of climatic warming and the amount of significant warming stations are not obvious; the influence of human activity and urbanization may be higher. The warming amplitudes of 26 stations above 3000 m tend to be uniform, and there is no significant law at 6 stations below 3000 m. On the contrary, the ratio of stations showing significant warming in minimum temperature above 4000 m is far less than that of the stations below 4000 m.

NDVI dynamics as reflected in climatic variables: spatial and temporal trends – a case study of Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabó ◽  
Elemér ◽  
Kovács ◽  
Püspöki ◽  
Kertész ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Temporal Variance

Understanding climate change and revealing its future paths on a local level is a great challenge for the future. Beside the expanding sets of available climatic data, satellite images provide a valuable source of information. In our study we aimed to reveal whether satellite data are an appropriate way to identify global trends, given their shorter available time range. We used the CARPATCLIM (CC) database (1961–2010) and the MODIS NDVI images (2000–2016) and evaluated the time period covered by both (2000–2010). We performed a regression analysis between the NDVI and CC variables, and a time series analysis for the 1961–2008 and 2000–2008 periods at all data points. The results justified the belief that maximum temperature (TMAX), potential evapotranspiration and aridity all have a strong correlation with the NDVI; furthermore, the short period trend of TMAX can be described with a functional connection with its long period trend. Consequently, TMAX is an appropriate tool as an explanatory variable for NDVI spatial and temporal variance. Spatial pattern analysis revealed that with regression coefficients, macro-regions reflected topography (plains, hills and mountains), while in the case of time series regression slopes, it justified a decreasing trend from western areas (Transdanubia) to eastern ones (The Great Hungarian Plain). This is an important consideration for future agricultural and land use planning; i.e. that western areas have to allow for greater effects of climate change.

scholarly journals The influence of the climatology of the semi-arid from Alagoas-Brazil on the raw milk microbiota

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ticiano Gomes do Nascimento ◽  
Euridice Farias Falcão ◽  
Maria Cristina Delgado da Silva ◽  
Josicleide Nascimento Oliveira Silvino ◽  
Pierre Barnabé Escodro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Semi Arid

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the climatology of the semi-arid from Alagoas-Brazil on the raw milk microbiota in semi-arid area of the 07 micro-regions of the State of Alagoas of Alagoas, Brazil. The climatic data were extracted from National Institute of Meteorology from the Brazilian government. The raw milk was collected after the dairy cow milking process in 12 small rural associations of the semi-arid from the State of Alagoas, during the 4 seasons and the raw milk was carried out procedures of sampling, transportation and microbiological analysis. A total of 58 samples were counted coliforms at 45°C, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and coagulase-positive <em>Staphylococcus</em>. Only 02 rural associations presented low levels of microbiological contamination, which were located in areas of climatic conditions and parameters of thermal comfort index and vegetation index favorable, but 10 rural associations presented high counting of coliforms at 45°C, <em>Escherichia coli</em>. The climatologic parameters (maximum temperature, atmospheric pressure), bovine comfort thermal index and vegetation index have showed to influence the growth of the coliforms at 45°C and <em>Escherichia coli</em> with high incidence during the summer weather. The precipitation parameter, bovine thermal comfort and vegetation index have displayed to influence coagulase-positive<em> Staphylococcus</em> counting especially during the period between the summer end and the autumn beginning seasons. New Actions, and Rural Education and Health Programs should be implemented as politics of Food Safety. New strategies and programs for dissemination more effective on the risks of transmission of pathogens and Foodborne Diseases are necessary as the part of emergence politics of the health and education areas. Regulatory Actions should be encouraged within the processes that improve the quality control of raw milk as well its bioproducts, with professional assistance relevant in agriculture area.

scholarly journals Circumferential Expansion Property of Composite Wrapping System for Main Cable Protection of Suspension Bridge

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Pengfei Cao ◽  
Hai Fang ◽  
Weiqing Liu ◽  
Yong Zhuang ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Radial Displacement ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Suspension Bridge ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Suspension Bridges ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Cable ◽  
Rubber Belt

A composite wrapping system for main cable protection of suspension bridges was designed by using prepreg fiber-reinforced composites and nitrile rubber. The circumferential expansion performance of the system was tested, and the curves of circumferential bearing capacity and radial displacement of the components were obtained. Failure modes of each group of components were compared and analyzed. The results show that most of the components are vertically fractured at the lap transition. The increase of the number of prepreg layers contributed the most to the circumferential bearing capacity of components, with a growth rate of 65.31%~109.01%. The increase of rubber belt layers had the most significant effect on the radial displacement of the components, with a growth rate of 7.06%~23.5%. In the initial stage of the test, the strain of each part of the component was smaller due to the compaction by the loading device, and the strain value of the component was generally linearly increased during the loading process, during which the strain of the overlap was the smallest. The calculated cross-sectional temperature deformation of the main cable is in good agreement with the experimental data. The application of the rubber belt increases the deformation of the main cable; therefore, the protection system for the main cable could have more deformation redundancy and delay the arrival of the ultimate strain of the outer prepreg wrap.

scholarly journals Local people’s perception and awareness of climate change: a case study from community forests in Lamjung District, Western Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dhungana ◽  
N. Silwal ◽  
S. Upadhaya ◽  
S. K. Regmi ◽  
S. Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Perceived Change

Climate change has negatively impacted the underdeveloped and developing countries including Nepal due to low adaptive capacity and higher dependency in agriculture. Forests are important component of the lives and livelihoods of the community in Nepal, which can offer an important source of climate-resilient livelihood. It is crucial to know the fact that climate change was in the past, which will continue to change in the future. It is essential to understand how communities perceive and adapt to climate change. A study was carried out in Kirepani, Jagreni and Kalika Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) in Lamjung District with an objective of assessing their perceptions on impacts of climate change. The survey was carried out in 62 households along with participatory appraisal to understand the perception of local people on climate change and its impacts. Focus group discussion was held in each CFUG. Climatic data of 29 years (1987–2015) acquired from Khudi, Kuncha and Gharedgunga metereological stations and analysed to supplement the results. Data were analysed using MS-Excel as major computer software and presented as table, trend lines and graphs. The study showed that the locals correctly perceived change in temperature, unpredictable occurrence of rainfall and increased incidence of change in crops phenology, an increase in drought. Based on the perceptions of the community forest users, climate change has affected the biodiversity and societal system differentially. Drought has higher impact to the people affecting their lives and livelihoods. They perceived that the increase in drought, floods, landslide have affected their lives and livelihoods. The results revealed that minimum temperature was increased at the rate of 0.01º C per year whereas the maximum temperature was increased by 0.056° C per year. From the rainfall data of Khudi meteorological station, it was found that annual rainfall was highly decreased at the rate of 25.8 mm per year, which alarms for more disaster such as drought and fire in the area. Our findings suggest that for the innovative climate change adaptation planning and policy it is crucial to incorporate and acknowledge the role of community forest in climate change adaptation.

scholarly journals Rural communities’ perception of climate change and its determinants in Dejen district, Nile basin of Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Zerihun Yohannes Amare ◽  
Johnson O Ayoade ◽  
Ibidun O Adelekan ◽  
Menberu Teshome Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Communities’ perception of climate change must be integrated with research information to improve their adaptive capacity successfully. Thus, to propose appropriate adaptation options to the specific localities, understanding the levels of perception of rural communities to climate change and variability is crucial. This study aims to capture the rural communities’ perception of climate change and its determinants in Dejen district, Nile basin of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional socio-economic and time series climatic data were used. Stratified and snowball sampling techniques were employed to select a sample of 398 households. Chi-square analysis was carried out at p≤0.05. The majority (65.7%) of households had information about climate change before this study survey. Age, farming experience, income, the number of relatives, access to weather information, farmer to farmer access, and government experts’ extension services had a significant effect on the majority of climatic variables perception of households. The households’ perception of climate change was in line with results of climate data analysis. The chi-square analysis test of hypothesis shows gender has no significant effect on the perception of climate change. The implication is that all social groups in the study area perceived that there are changes in climate.

Height and radial growth trends of Corsican pine in western France

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Lebourgeois ◽  
Michel Becker ◽  
Richard Chevalier ◽  
Jean-Luc Dupouey ◽  
Jean-Michel Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature

Height and radial growth trends were analysed in Corsican pine (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. laricio var. Corsicana) plantations in western France. Difference in height growth was tested by comparing the site index of stands established before and after 1950 and the height growth development curves of 13 pairs of young and old stands growing side by side on the same soil type. The site index of the young stands was 20-30% greater than the site index of the old stands. From the period 1921-1991, radial growth increased 45, 31, and 50% in earlywood, latewood (LW) and total ring (TR) area, respectively. The amount of increase depended on cambial age. The LW/TR ratio decreased by 8%. The regional climatic data revealed a significant increase in mean annual temperature of 1.1°C, mean annual minimum temperature (1.5°C), mean summer temperature (2.2°C), and minimum summer temperature (2.3°C) for the period 1950-1997. Because of the negative correlation between summer temperature and ring widths, increased temperature cannot explain the observed increases in growth. Effects of nitrogen inputs, which averaged 6.3 and 11 kg·ha-1·year-1 for bulk and throughfall depositions, respectively; land use history; improvement in silvicultural practices (wider initial spacing, higher thinning); and CO2 fertilization are discussed as possible causes of the observed growth trends.

Cryoplanation Terraces: Indicators of a Permafrost Environment

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Reger ◽  
Troy L. Péwé
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Permafrost Environment ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
July Temperature

Cryoplanation terraces are bedrock steps or terraces on ridge crests and hilltops. The tread or “flat” area is 10 to several hundred meters wide and long and slopes from 1 to 5° parallel to the ridge crests. Terrace scarps may be from 1 to 75 m high. Terraces are cut into all bedrock types and are best developed on closely jointed, fine-grained bedrock. The scarps and treads are covered with frost-rived rubble 1 to 2 m thick. The rubble on treads is perennially frozen at a depth of 1 to 2 m or less on sharp but inactive terraces in Alaska.Cryoplanation terraces exist in many parts of the world in present or past periglacial environments. They occur chiefly in nonglaciated regions and near the general altitude of snowline. Cryoplanation terraces form by scarp retreat as the result of nivation. Surficial debris is removed across the terrace tread by mass-wasting. Terrace morphology depends mainly upon climate, bedrock type, and terrace orientation.No climatic data are available from active terraces. Indirect evidence indicates that climatic requirements include low snowfall and cold summer temperatures. Shallow permafrost is necessary to provide moisture and a base for mass movement as well as a base for nivation.Hundreds of sharp but inactive terraces occur in some areas in Alaska where the summer temperature is colder than 10°C. When these terraces were active, temperatures were colder. Recent work in Alaska indicates that terraces were active in some areas when the mean July temperature was about 4°C. The mean annual air temperature probably was in the neighborhood of -12°C or colder.

scholarly journals 080 PREDICTING APPLE ROOTSTOCK PERFORMANCE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 439e-439
Author(s):  
W.C. Olien ◽  
D.C. Ferree ◽  
B.L. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Estimate ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
A Site ◽  
Analysis Models

Rootstock recommendation is complicated by performance-site interactions. The N C140 Regional Project recently completed a lo-year evaluation of 9 rootstocks in locations across North America. Based on this data, we developed stability analysis models and demonstrated significant rootstock-site interactions for cumulative yield (CY) and trunk cross-sectional-area (CSA). The models require a site index (SI) estimated from mean performance over rootstocks within site. Prediction of rootstock performance in untested sites would be possible with an independent estimate of SI. We tested prediction of SI from mean maximum temperature (T) and total moisture received (M) and divided T and M into 5 phenological periods: Dee-Jan (Dormant), Feb-Apr (Prebloom), May-Jun (fruit Set), July-Sept (fruit Growth), and Oct-Nov (Postharvest). SICSA was not predicted by any T or M variable. SICY was predicted by TSet. TGrow, and MSet, but TSet and MSet were codependent. SICY was best predicted from a linear relationship with TSet.

scholarly journals Simulating the Impact of Climate Change on Maize Productivity in Trans-gangetic Plains using Info Crop Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljeet Kaur ◽  
Som Pal Singh ◽  
P.K. Kingra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Model Average ◽  
In Trans ◽  
The Impact

Background: Climate change is a nonpareil threat to the food security of hundred millions of people who depends on agriculture for their livelihood. A change in climate affects agricultural production as climate and agriculture are intensely interrelated global processes. Global warming is one of such changes which is projected to have significant impacts on environment affecting agriculture. Agriculture is the mainstay economy in trans-gangetic plains of India and maize is the third most important crop after wheat and rice. Heat stress in maize cause several changes viz. morphological, anatomical and physiological and biochemical changes. Methods: In this study during 2014-2018, impact of climate change on maize yield in future scenarios was simulated using the InfoCrop model. Average maize yield from 2001-15 was collected for Punjab, Haryana and Delhi to calibrate and validate the model. Future climatic data set from 2020 to 2050 was used in the study to analyse the trends in climatic parameters.Result: Analysis of future data revealed increasing trends in maximum temperature and minimum temperature. Rainfall would likely follow the erratic behaviour in Punjab, Haryana and Delhi. Increase in temperature was predicted to have negative impact on maize yield under future climatic scenario.

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