scholarly journals Expérience du vieillissement et expérience médiatique : nouvelles dynamiques et fracture numérique du second degré à La Réunion

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavie Plante

Understanding the relationship that older people develop with information and communication technologies is complex. Basing itself on the assumption that age, gender, and social class are not sufficient to understand this relationship, this article suggests combining the mechanisms of aging with those of media experience. This combination allows us to identify dynamics around recovery, deception and active and inactive attitudes around technologies. Applied to 35 retired individuals living in Réunion, these dynamics fuel the definition of the “second order digital divide,” the understanding of which depends on taking into account the stakes involved in the representation of old age.Comprendre la relation que les personnes âgées développent avec les technologies de l’information et de la communication est complexe. Partant du postulat que l’âge, le genre et la classe sociale ne sont pas suffisants pour saisir cette relation, cet article propose de combiner les mécanismes du vieillissement à ceux de l’expérience médiatique. Cette combinaison permet de dégager des dynamiques autour de la reprise, de la déprise et des attitudes actives et inactives autour des technologies. Appliquées à 35 individus à la retraite vivant à La Réunion, ces dynamiques alimentent la définition de la fracture numérique du second degré dont la compréhension dépend ici de la prise en compte des enjeux de la construction de la vieillesse.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Casanova ◽  
Daniele Zaccaria ◽  
Elena Rolandi ◽  
Antonio Guaita

UNSTRUCTURED Background: In the last decades, the relationship between SNSs and older people’s loneliness is gaining specific relevance. Studies in this field are often based on qualitative methods because they allow studying in-depth self-perceived issues, including loneliness and well-being, or quantitative survey to report the links between ICTs and older people’s well-being or loneliness. The causal relationship does not in-depth analysed by these methods. Moreover, the research on older people’s SNSs use is still scant, especially regarding their impact on health and well-being. In recent years, the existing review studies have separately focused their attention on loneliness and social isolation of older people or on the elderly's use of ICTs and SNSs, without tackling the relationship between the former issue and the latter. This thorough qualitative review provides an analysis of research carried out using experimental and quasi-experimental design that investigates the causal effect of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and social network sites (SNSs) use on older adults’ well-being related to loneliness. Objective: The aims of this review are to contrast and compare research designs (sampling and recruitment, evaluation tools, interventions) and findings of these studies and to highlight their limitations.Methods: Using an approach that integrates the methodological framework for scoping studies and the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, we have identified only 11 articles that have met our inclusion criteria. A thematic and contents analysis based on the ex-post categorisation of data has been provided on the selected studies, and sequentially the data have been summarised tables. Results: The analysis of the selected articles has shown that i) ICTs use is positively, but weakly, related to the different measures of older people’s well-being and loneliness; ii) overall, the studies under review lack a sound experimental design; iii) the main limitations of these studies lie in the lack of rigor in sampling method and recruitment strategy. Conclusions: The analysis of the reviewed studies confirms the existence of a beneficial effect of ICTs use on the well-being of older people, in terms of reduced loneliness. however, the causal relationship is often declared as weakly. This review highlighting the need for studying these issues with adequate methodological rigour.



2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-215
Author(s):  
Božidar Jaković ◽  
Tamara Ćurlin ◽  
Ivan Miloloža

Abstract Background: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) gained prevalent organizational and structural value in the modern economy. E-commerce is one of the sectors directly influenced by technological change. However, not all countries have the same opportunities to develop e-commerce growth; there are significant discrepancies in ICT utilization worldwide, known as the digital divide. Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to explore the level of difference among European countries regarding the e-commerce functionalities in their enterprises using a cluster analysis. Methods/Approach: To accomplish the paper goal, the k-means cluster analysis was conducted on the Eurostat data from 2019. Enterprises from 28 European countries were taken into consideration. The Kruskal-Wallis test is used to explore if the differences among clusters regarding the digital development, measured by the Digital Economy and Society Index are significant. Results: The investigation confirmed that there are significant differences among European countries regarding the development of e-commerce. However, a similar level of e-commerce is not related to economic and digital development. Conclusions: Since the relationship between economic development and e-commerce development in European countries is not linear, country-level policies are likely to be significant factors driving e-commerce development, which leads to the need for further investigation of this issue.



Author(s):  
Saida Habhab-Rave

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the policy of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the development of countries, especially on Tunisia. The first part of the article summarizes the evolution of the definition of ICTs policy. In the second part, the authors assess the contribution of ICT to the development of Tunisia. Tunisian’s response to these ICT challenges is discussed from three viewpoints. Firstly, the ways ICTs are impacting on the business, management and development. Secondly, what is being done with regard to ICT policies, especially for all sectors of the society. Thirdly, the impact the broader vision of policy has. In the final part, the relationship between policies of ICTs and sustainable development is discussed. On the basis of the technology-knowledge-innovation-economic development cycle, individual participation is thought to begin with general, ICT and business. The fascinating case history of the Finnish Information Society which lends significant tangible support to this and other models is summarized.



2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Hércules Tolêdo Corrêa ◽  
Cleide De Araújo Campos

Pode-se dizer que o livro para crianças é um objeto artístico-cultural constituído por vários modos de linguagens. Dessa forma, partimos dos pressupostos da semiótica cultural, mais especificamente das teorizações sobre a multimodalidade, e procuramos identificar os aspectos tanto discursivos quanto educacionais de obras destinadas ao público infantil publicadas na contemporaneidade. Valemo-nos também de estudos sobre ilustração e projeto gráfico de livros infantis, tais como van der Linden (2011), Ramos (2013) e Paiva (2018). Este artigo, especificamente, centra-se na análise de dois livros da coleção Universidade das Crianças, publicada pelo selo Estraladabão, da Editora UFMG, em 2018: O que existe? O que não existe? e O que é um livro? Os nomes dos profissionais envolvidos na produção das obras estão identificados ao longo deste artigo. Hoje em dia, podemos considerar o livro para crianças como um objeto com múltipla autoria (multi ou poliautoria): além do escritor e do ilustrador, os autores principais ou protagonistas, como denominamos neste texto, também estão envolvidos na produção da obra designers gráficos, editores e coordenadores editoriais especializados, leitores críticos, revisores de conteúdo e de linguagem, e muitas vezes também outros especialistas da área editorial e educacional, como publicitários, engenheiros do papel, tradutores, adaptadores, psicólogos, pedagogos e psicopedagogos, aos quais chamamos neste artigo de autoria secundária ou coadjuvante. Analisamos alguns elementos do projeto gráfico das obras selecionadas e da relação entre texto escrito, ilustração e design, seguindo a ordem: 1- Capa e quarta capa; 2- Formato do livro e outros elementos da materialidade; 3- Layout: forma como o texto escrito e o visual são apresentados na página, o que inclui uma série de elementos e de relações entre eles, como: tipo e tamanho de letra, espaço entre linhas e mancha gráfica (a área do impresso: texto escrito e ilustração). Destaca-se que a definição deste último elemento envolve a relação entre texto escrito e texto visual. Por fim, é importante dizer que este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa coletiva desenvolvida no âmbito do Grupo MULTDIC – Multiletramentos e usos das tecnologias da informação e comunicação na Educação –, intitulada Literatura e visualidade: a importância do projeto gráfico em livros para crianças na contemporaneidade. Palavras-chave: Livros para crianças. Multimodalidade. Projeto gráfico. GRAPHIC ELEMENTS INFLUENCE IN BOOKS FOR CHILDREN IN THE CONTEMPORANEITY: ANALYSIS OF TWO WORKS FROM THE CHILDREN'S UNIVERSITY COLLECTION Abstract: Books for children are said to be an artistic-cultural object made up of several modes of languages. Thus, this paper departs from the assumptions of cultural semiotics, more specifically the theories about multimodality, and tries to identify both the discursive and educational aspects of works aimed at children published in contemporary times. Studies on illustration and graphic design of books for children, such as Nikolajeva and Scott (2011), van der Linden (2011), Ramos (2013) and Paiva (2018) are also used. This paper focuses specifically on the analysis of two books from Universidade da Criança [Children's University] collection, published by the label Estraladabão, by Federal University of Minas Gerais Press, in 2018: O que existe? O que não existe? (COSCARELLI, 2018) and O que é um livro? (RIBEIRO, 2018). Other professionals involved in the creation of the books are identified along this paper. Nowadays, books for children can be considered as an object of multiple authorship: besides the writer and the illustrator, the main authors or protagonists, as called in this paper, there are also other professionals, who were called secondary or coadjuvants authors, such as graphic designers, editors and specialized editorial coordinators, critical readers, content and language reviewers, and often also other editorial and educational specialists, such as advertisers, paper engineers, translators, adapters, psychologists, pedagogists and psychopedagogists. Some elements of the graphic design of the selected works and the relation between written text, illustration and design were analyzed in the following order: 1- Cover and fourth cover; 2- Format of the book and other elements of materiality; 3- Layout: how the written text and the visual are presented on the page, which includes a series of elements and relationships between them, such as: type and size of letter, space between lines and graphic spot (the area of the print: written text and illustration). It should be noted that the definition of this last element involves the relationship between written text and visual text. Finally, it is important to say that this paper is part of a collective research developed within the framework of the Group MULTDIC – Multiliteracies and digital information and communication technologies, entitled Literatura e visualidade: a importância do projeto gráfico em livros para crianças na contemporaneidade [Literature and visuality: the importance of the graphic design in books for children in contemporaneity]. Keywords: Books for children. Multimodality. Graphic project.



MedienJournal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Maier-Rabler

This paper aims to make a contribution toward an improvement of European e-policy practice. lt is inspired by the conviction that successfuJ e-policy strategies can lead to ba­lanced chances for all members in certain societies to aquire the absolutely indispensable capabilities for decision-making in the context of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Following the path of the development of e-policy papers it has to be stated that many goals have not yet been achieved. The techno-deterministic concepts 'access' and 'usage' seem not to reach far enough to get people really involved andin­formed. Many more aspects have tobe considered in order to create a clirnate for inno­vation where different choices made by different individuals according to their different social, economic or cuJtural backgrounds do not lead automatically to the well known either or not, connected or not-connected, haves or have-nots, but to a variety of pat­terns of involvement. In this paper, we argue for different e-policy strategies according to cultural aspects in certain societies. And hereby we will focus on the cultural aspects of information itself, on the notion of information in different information cultures. lt also seems important to mention at this stage that we believe that getting all members of society involved in the ICT-innovation process in order to provide the basis for in­formed decisions by each individual member is the most important task of e-policy.



2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01144
Author(s):  
Liudmila Reshetnikova

The article is devoted to e-diplomacy (also known as digital diplomacy) which is a component of public diplomacy. Digital diplomacy is a one of the new tools of foreign policy that is aimed to solve the problems of international and interethnic relations. The article examines the concept and definition of digital diplomacy that concentrates on the use of social networks and digital media in the field of foreign policy. Some risks and threats of e-diplomacy are also considered. The use of opportunities of information and communication technologies for solving the problems of foreign policy and influence on mass consciousness by means of the Internet, social networks is analyzed.



2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wyche ◽  
Nightingale Simiyu ◽  
Martha E. Othieno

Increases in mobile phone ownership and Internet access throughout Africa continue to motivate initiatives to use information and communication technologies (ICTs)—in particular, mobile phones—to address long-standing socioeconomic problems in the “developing world.” While it is generally recognized that mobile phones may help to address these problems by providing pertinent information, less widely known is exactly how (and if) a handset’s human–computer interface—that is, its software and hardware design—supports this form of communication. The concept of “affordances” has long been used to answer such questions. In this paper, we use Hartson’s definition of affordances to qualitatively investigate rural Kenyan women’s interactions with their mobile phones. Our detailed analysis provides empirically grounded answers to questions about the cognitive, physical, and sensory affordances of handsets used in our field sites and how they support and/or constrain mobile communication. We then discuss the implications of our findings: in particular, how this affordance-based approach draws attention to mobile phones’ design features and to the context in which they and their users are embedded—a focus which suggests new design and research opportunities in mobile communication.



2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matveeva ◽  
M. Cherkasova

The changes taking place in the modern Russian labor market with regard to the organization of labor of employees, the content of freelancing have been considered. The socio-economic essence of freelancing has been revealed. A сharacteristic of self-employed, including the number, their social affiliation and economic activities has been given. The prerequisites, that caused the development of freelancing in Russia, have been determined. Based on the data of a number of studies, the positive aspects of freelance have been analyzed and problems in its development have been named. The main attention has been paid to the definition of the prospects of freelance development in modern Russia in the conditions of wide application of information and communication technologies.



Author(s):  
A. Hafiiak ◽  
O. Shefer ◽  
E. Borodina ◽  
S. Alyoshin

The article explores modern information and telecommunication technologies, which are the basis of information processes in education. The fundamentals of improving the quality of student training from the point of view of the development of a vocational education system are investigated. The authors explore the definition of an innovative educational environment. It is proved that professional IT education is the basis for improving its quality level and has certain advantages over other types of knowledge, providing flexibility due to modern technological features, including the use of QR coding information.



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