Subchronic Toxicity Test of Indian Almond (Terminalia catappa) Leaves Water Extract on The Liver Histology of Mice (Mus musculus)

Background: Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) is used as an alternative medicine by the community to treat various diseases. However, limited research has been conducted on the subchronic toxicity of Indian almond water extracts on the liver. Present study aimed to determine the subchronic toxic effects of Indian almond leaf water extract on the liver histology of mice and to evaluate the safe dose of Indian almond leaf water extract with various doses (125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg). Methods: In total of 33 male mice were randomly divided into 11 groups, each group consisting of three mice as replication. For 30 days, mice in five treatment groups were orally treated every day with water extracts of green Indian almond leaf while other five groups were given water extracts of brown Indian almond leaves and compare with control group. At the end of day 30, all mice were sacrificed, and hepar was taken out for histological preparations. The histopathological changes in the liver was observed and assessed based on histological damage in the term of degeneration and necrosis. Results: The administration of green and brown Indian almond water extract at doses of 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg / kg BB showed a toxic effect on the liver of mice. The toxic effect was due to the high doses, causing a cell swelling damage and increased liver necrosis. Conclusion: Indian almond leaf water extract can cause toxic effects on the liver of mice at the doses implemented.

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Evaluation of the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid on the parotid glands of albino rats: An in vivo study

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233720933071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 446-453

Author(s):

Salma Awad Taghyan ◽

Hend El Messiry ◽

Medhat Ahmed El Zainy

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Toxic Effect ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Parotid Glands ◽

Ductal Cells

This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the parotid glands (PGs) of albino rats histologically and ultrastructurally and assess the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant. Thirty male albino rats weighing between 150 mg and 200 mg were divided into three groups: the control group (C1) contained 10 rats that received 2 mg/kg (body weight (bw)) of aqueous nitrate buffer by intraperitoneal (IP) injection daily for 28 days; the AgNPs group contained 10 rats that received 2 mg/kg (bw) IP AgNPs daily for 28 days; and the AgNPs-vitamin C group contained 10 albino rats that received 2 mg/kg (bw) AgNPs IP daily for 28 days with oral administration of 100 mg/kg (bw) vitamin C in drinking water daily for 28 days. The PG acinar and ductal cells of the AgNPs group showed signs of toxicity and degeneration characterized as pleomorphic nuclei, binucleation, cytoplasmic vacuolations, and stagnated secretion in the ductal lumen. In addition to degenerated mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes were filled with AgNPs ( p < 0.001). The AgNPs-vitamin C group showed significantly less degenerative changes histologically and ultrastructurally compared to the AgNPs group ( p = 0.002). AgNPs produced significant toxic effects on the PG of albino rats, presumably through the generation of reactive oxygen species and toxic ion release, and administration of vitamin C was shown effective in decreasing these toxic effects.

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Acute and Subchronic Toxic Effects of the Fruits ofPhysalis peruvianaL.

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/707285 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Basak Ozlem Perk ◽

Sinem Ilgin ◽

Ozlem Atli ◽

Hale Gamze Duymus ◽

Basar Sirmagul

Keyword(s):

Fruit Juice ◽

Troponin I ◽

Troponin T ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Control Group ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Male Group ◽

Toxicity Studies

The fruit ofPhysalis peruvianaL. (PPL) has been traditionally used as antispasmodic, diuretic, antiseptic, sedative, and analgesic all over the world. We aimed to perform qualitative content analysis of the fruits of PPL and to clarify thein vitrogenotoxicity andin vivoacute and subchronic toxicity of the fruit. Lyophilized fruit juice does not induce genetic damage. In the acute toxicity studies, LD50 value of the fruit was found to be more than 5000 mg kg−1for both sexes. According to the subchronic toxicity studies, hepatic, renal, and hematological toxic effects were not induced in both sexes. Plasma troponin I (only in the group treated with 5000 mg kg−1of lyophilized fruit juice) and troponin T levels were significantly increased in male groups treated with lyophilized fruit juice compared to the control group. Furthermore, potassium level was significantly increased in the male group treated with 5000 mg kg−1of lyophilized fruit juice. These findings were considered to indicate the myocardial damage particularly in the male group treated with 5000 mg kg−1of lyophilized fruit juice. In conclusion, lyophilized fruit juice of PPL is shown to induce cardiac toxicity only at high doses and in male gender.

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The subchronic toxic effects of Mosla Chinensis Maxim in normal rats.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57476/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Lei ◽

Longxue Li ◽

Shenghong Huang ◽

Li Liu ◽

Pingdong Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dose Group ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Female Rats ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Control Group ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Male And Female ◽

Sd Rats

Abstract Background: The aim of this work was to study the toxic effects and target organs of Mosla Chinensis Maxim (MCM) in rats and provide theoretical basis for clinical medication.Methods: The subchronic toxicity study was conducted on 60 male and female SD rats using the fixed-dose method for the treatment group and 20 male and female SD rats for the control. At the subchronic toxicity study, the water extract of MCM with fixed-dose of 0.2g/kg/day, 2g/kg/day and 20g/kg/day was administered for 90 days intragastric, and the control group was given the same amount of distilled water. After 90 days, the general conditions of the rats were observed. Assesment on safety of the extract was conducted by a subchronic toxicity test which mainly examined alteration occured in gut flora and urine metabolism. Results: The results showed that there were no significant toxic effects observed at all doses on physical sign and reactivity and fecal property of rats in the treatment groups had no obvious difference from those in control group. The results of routine blood test showed that the number of red blood cells in the male medium dose group and the female low dose group were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05). The results of serum biochemical indicators test showed that MCM had influence on the indicators of liver and kidney function, but it had no toxicological significance. In terms of glucose and lipid metabolism, the LDL level of male rats was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, GLU level of female rats in the low, medium and high dose groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), indicating that long-term administration of MCM would affect the glucose level of female rats. The results of intestinal flora diversity showed that feeding MCM for 90 days had an impact on the distribution of intestinal flora. The content of lactobacillus increased and the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B) was also affected, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: These findings showed that the long-term intragastric administration of the MCM is safe to use within its dose recommendation. But it could have slight affect the metabolism of uric acid by changing the composition of intestinal flora and affecting the metabolism of tryptophan.

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Effects of Extracts from Tiaozhi Granule and Its Components on Expression of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/9238512 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiao Yu ◽

Xiao-Dong Zhao ◽

Rong-Qi Bao ◽

Jia-Yu Yu ◽

Guo-Xing Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Promoter Activity ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Water Extract ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Control Group ◽

Type I ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Alcohol Extract ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Gene Assay

Sera from the rats with different drug treatments (atorvastatin, Tiaozhi granule, or its extracts) were collected. LO-2 cells or HepG2 cells were pretreated with different sera as the following groups randomly: (1) blank control group, (2) positive control group (atorvastatin group), (3) Tiaozhi granule water extract groups, (4) Tiaozhi granule alcohol extract groups, and (5) alcohol extracts for each component:Pollen Typhae Angustifoliae,Curcuma longaL., andRhizoma Alismatis. LO-2 cells were cotransfected with plasmid carrying SR-BI and pRL-TK promoter genes. Promoter activity was measured by the luciferase reporter gene assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of SR-BI were examined using real-time PCR and western blot analyses. Our results show that promoter activity and mRNA and protein expression levels of the SR-BI were significantly upregulated by Tiaozhi granules alcohol or water extracts in a dose-dependent manner.Pollen Typhae Angustifoliaealcohol extract with a high dosage could also increase SR-BI activity and expression, but not the extracts fromCurcuma longaL. andRhizoma Alismatis. Both Tiaozhi granule alcohol and water extracts can upregulate SR-BI gene expression. Among the components,Pollen Typhae Angustifoliaeare important for the regulatory effect coordinating withCurcuma longaL. andRhizoma Alismatis.

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Antioxidant and Subchronic Toxicity Study of Myrmecodia Platytyrae (MyP) Water Extract

Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.18034/mjmbr.v6i2.487 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 157-168

Author(s):

M. K. Nik Hasan ◽

I. Abdul Wahab ◽

H. H. Mizaton ◽

M. A. Rasadah ◽

L. Abd Rashid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Safety Margin ◽

Water Extract ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Abnormal Finding ◽

Experimental Animals

In this study, Myrmecodia platytyrae (MyP) water extract was investigated to explain the antioxidant property and its safety. Water extract of MyP was prepared and tested for ORAC for each batch of preparations. The MyP water extract was administered daily onto three groups of experimental animals which were Low Dose (LD), Medium Dose (MD) and High Dose (HD) groups for a period of consecutive 28 days according to the OECD GLP guideline (OECD TG 407). The ORAC results showed that MyP water extract has an antioxidant activity for each batch. The subchronic toxicity test showed that MyP water extract product has no observable sub-chronic toxic effect on Sprague Dawley rats. The body weight of rats increased along with proportional food and water intake. In the same way, all hematological, biochemical parameters as well as histopathological observation do not show any abnormal finding. Gross observations, feed and water consumption, urine strip test and animals’ weight during necropsy did not show any difference compared to the control group. In conclusion, MyP water extract is suggested to have a broad safety margin in experimental animals.

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Determination of the antioxidant activity of Ficus carica aqueous extract

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn1222025t ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 25-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Svetlana Trifunski ◽

Dorina Ardelean

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Potassium Permanganate ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Water Extract ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Water Extracts

The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant activity of water extracts from fig leaf. Water extracts were prepared according to traditional medicine. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was spectrophotometrically determined. Using the potassium permanganate colorimetric method it was found that the water extract that was maintained at the refrigerator had lower antioxidant activity than extract that was maintained at the room temperature.

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Dietary incorporation of Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas shoots improved growth performance and haematological profile of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Hapa Nets

AQUATIC RESEARCH ◽

10.3153/ar22001 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Francis Nuestro Baleta ◽

Patricia Magistrado-Candelaria ◽

Diomerl Edward Bondad Baldo ◽

Love Joy Pallaya-Baleta ◽

Lander Cezar Plantado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Water Extract ◽

Hot Water ◽

Control Group ◽

Rate Condition ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Haematological Profile ◽

Cultured Fish ◽

Ethanol Extracts

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of sweet potato Ipomoea bata-tas powder (IbSPP), hot-water extracts (IbSPHWE) and crude ethanolic extracts (IbSPCEE) as growth pro-moter and immunoenhancer for tilapia cultured in hapa nets. Fish were divided ran-domly into four Treatments: T1 (control group) was fed a practical diet (PD) while T2, T3 and T4 were fed PD + IbSP powder (P), PD + IbSP hot-water extract (HWE), PD + IbSP Crude Ethanol Extracts (CCE), respective-ly. The growth indices and haematological profile of cultured fish were recorded after four months of feeding experiment. The final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor, FCR, PER, FER were significantly higher in fishes that re-ceived PD +IbSPHWE than those that received either PD, PD + IbSPCEE or PD+ IbSPP only. The same trend was observed with the RBC, Hb, HCT, WBC and the PLT and its indices. The study has demonstrated that in-corporation of the hot-water extracts of I. batatas could improve the growth perfor-mance and increase immu-nocompetence of O. nilot-icus as evidenced by im-proved haematological pro-file.

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Antioxidant and Subchronic Toxicity Study of Myrmecodia Platytyrae (MyP) Water Extract

Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.18034/mjmbr.v7i1.487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48

Author(s):

M. K. Nik Hasan ◽

I. Abdul Wahab ◽

H. H. Mizaton ◽

M. A. Rasadah ◽

L. Abd Rashid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Safety Margin ◽

Water Extract ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Abnormal Finding ◽

Experimental Animals

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Green Antibiotic Daun Sirih (Piper betle l.) Sebagai Pengganti Antibiotik Komersial untuk Penanganan Mastitis

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v15i1.2296 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 28-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabby Lutviandhitarani ◽

Dian Wahyu Harjanti ◽

Fajar Wahyono

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Water Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Control Group ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Microscopic Appearance ◽

Betel Leaf

(Green antibiotic betel leaf (Piper betle l.) as a substitute for commercial antibiotic in mastitis treatment) ABSTRACT. The present study was carried out to investigate the possible antibacterial activity of betel leaf on the amount and microscopic appearance of mastitis-causing bacteria. The randomized block design with 5 treatment groups were : K group (mastitis milk only as negative control), Ab group (mastitis milk + antibiotic penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin as positive control), S1 group (mastitis milk + 1,25 ml betel leaf water extract), S2 group (mastitis milk+ 2,5 ml betel leaf water extract), and S3 group (mastitis milk + 5 ml betel leaf water extract). The result showed that the amount of bacteria in the betel leaves groups (S1, S2, and S3 groups) were lower (P 0,05) than that of the control group (K group). Nonetheless the different concentration of betel leaf water extract in the S1, S2 and S3 groups did not affect to the amount of bacteria (P 0,05). Moreover, this research showed that betel leaf water extract had the same effectiveness with commercial antibiotic penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin to inhibit the growth of bacteria as indicated by the same amount of bacteria (P0,05) among the betel leaf groups (S1, S2, and S3 groups) and the Ab group. Gram-positive and negative bacteria were seen in the K group. However, only Gram-negative bacteria were visible in the betel leaf groups (S1, S2, and S3 groups) and in the Ab groups, indicating that betel leaf had the same effectiveness as penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.

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PENGARUH EKSTRAK AIR BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA Crocidolomia binotalis PADA TANAMAN KUBIS

Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan ◽

10.30598/biopendixvol2issue1page1-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Debby Moniharapon ◽

Maria Nindatu

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Block Design ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Economic Value ◽

Water Extract ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Crocidolomia Binotalis

Background: Garcil (Allium sativum) is an important commodity and has high economic value in Indonesia.Studies have been using water extracts of garcil as larval mortality Crocidolomia binotalis in august –september 2014. This study aimed to determine the effect of water extract of Garlic (Allium sativum) on mortality of larvae on cabbage plants Crocidolomia binotalis. Methods: This study was an experimental study, using a rando mized block design (RBD), using the control group, and treatment concentraction of water extracts of garlic (Allium sativum). Concentration ranging from 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% with observation for 24 hours. Data effect of aqueous extract of garlic is effective against larval mortality Crocidolomia binotalis analyzed by real difference test (LSD) and the determination of the value of LC50, using SPSS. Result: The results showed the water extract of garlic is effective for larval mortality Crocidolomia binotalis is the concentration of 6% and of probit analysis LC50 values of 4,632%. Conclusion: Concentration of 4,632% aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) can kill larvae Crocidolomia binotalis after administration of the extract and observation for 24 hours

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