PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kool ◽  
J. Dekker ◽  
I. Duijsens ◽  
F. De Jonghe ◽  
P. De Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference

There is a high level of comorbidity of personality disorders with major depression. Patients who suffer from both depression and an axis II disorder are, in general, more severely ill and ill for longer periods. The presence of personality disorders also has a negative influence on the social functioning of depressed patients, and it has emerged that certain demographic characteristics are present to a significant extent. This article presents the results of a study of 244 out-patients suffering from major depression. The issues addressed were: Firstly, which axis II disorders are found in this group and are there correlations with the demographic characteristics? Secondly, is there a relationship between individual axis II disorders and the severity of the depression and social functioning? It emerges that 60% of the patients with a Hamilton score of at least 14 have one or more axis II disorders according to the VKP self-report, and that 30% have three or more, with more than 50% in cluster C. It was found also that the schizoid and borderline personality disorders in particular are significantly linked to several demographic characteristics. The patients here are more often single and those with a lower level of education. Using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, little significant correlation was found between the presence of an axis II disorder and the severity of the depression. A significant difference was found using the Symptom Check List -90. In social functioning, the citizen role, the social role and the family role turn out to be correlated most significantly, as are the total number of impairments. In addition, the highest correlation is found particularly in cluster C, and the number of axis II disorders is almost always significantly related to the individual roles. The discussion turns to the influence of the measuring instruments used and to the composition of the population, as well as the clinical relevance of the diagnosis of axis II disorders and social functioning in patients with a major depression.

Escitalopram orally-disintegrating tablets (ODT) in major depression treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S158-S158
Author(s):  
M. Polikowska ◽  
B. Łoza
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Global Improvement ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablets ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

IntroductionThe growing rate of depressive disorders causes needs for more effective and more innovative solutions. The modern patients’ challenges make them fail mostly in the treatment compliance. Some reports have described that escitalopram orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) induce faster response and lower dropout rate than oral standard tablets (OST), although both forms have equal bioavailability.AimWe tried to clarify effectiveness rates between escitalopram ODT and OST treatments in depressive patients.MethodAn open-label, 6-month, randomized, flexible-dose study was conducted for direct comparison of the effects of escitalopram ODT (N16) and OST (N15) on dropout rate and clinical outcomes in patients with major depression.ResultsOutcome measures included Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI), Clinical Global Improvement Scale (CGI), and Psychological General Well-Being Scale (PGWB). The tolerability was assessed by the UKU scale. No significant difference was found in HDRS, CGI, PGWB and GAF between the two forms of tablets. No significant difference was found in any tolerability rates. However, dropout rate favored escitalopram ODT group (N5, 31.3%) vs escitalopram OST (N7, 47.0%). DAI-10 outcomes, both in patients’ general attitude and subjective feelings, were significantly improved in ODT group (P = 0.000), comparing with OST.DiscussionEscitalopram in its classical form (OST) has become a leader in a group of antidepressants, thanks to safety of use, efficacy and tolerability. In the ODT form, escitalopram can meet additional needs, both clinical and lifestyle. ODT may reduce dropout rate and costs of long-term treatment improving the patients’ compliance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Psychoeducation as a strategy to improve family support perceived from patient with alcohol dependence and personality disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
José Miguel Martínez González ◽  
Natalia Albein Urios ◽  
Pilar Munera ◽  
Antonio Verdejo García
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Psychoeducational Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the impact of psychoeducation with relatives of addicted patients with personality disorders. We measured the impact of the psychoeducational intervention using a self-report questionnaire designed to assess perceived familiar support. The sample was composed by 37 patients with alcohol dependence following outpatient treatment. They underwent a cognitive-behavioral therapy relapse prevention program especially tailored for addicted individuals with comorbid personality disorders. 56.8% of patients followed individual therapy, and 43.2% followed group therapy. The relatives of the subgroup patients following group therapy simultaneously received the psychoeducational intervention. The analyses of the familiar support questionnaire across treatment showed a significant difference between groups as a function of treatment modality. Patients whose relatives followed the psychoeducational intervention had greater perception of familiar support throughout the treatment process.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gender Differences in Depression- A Cross-Sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Tushar Agravat
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Background and Aim: Major depression in both women and men is a debilitating disorder that disrupts relationship and daily lives and affects nearly 10% of general populations. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the gender differences in major depression with respect to following: Demographic characteristics, Clinical manifestations, Stressful life events, Risk factors. Materials and Methods: Total of 100 patients was included in the study. All the included patients meet the criteria for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) diagnosis of major depression. The included patients were interviewed at the department of Psychiatry, B. J. Medical College & civil hospital Ahmedabad. Based on the Life Events Scale by Holmes and Rahe (1967), its Indian adaptation PSLE (Presumptive stressful life events scale) was done by Gurmeet Singh (1983). The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS IX version. Results: Their ages range from 18 to 70 years. Most of the patients were married, were from urban background, and nuclear family. On Hamilton Depression rating scale when the statistical analysis was done, there was no significant difference between males and females. Men had higher mean life events score than women but this was not statistically significant. In female, there was significant positive correlation between number of life events in one year and severity of depression as well as impact score during one year prior to onset of depression and Hamilton rating scores. Conclusion: Male and female major depression patients did not differ as regards demographic characteristics, except that most women were homemakers and men were employed. Number of stressful life events experienced during 1 year prior to onset of MDD was similar. Early insomnia, middle insomnia and somatic symptoms general were more severely present in female patients.

Impact of diabetes on caregiver stress in patients with Alzheimer's disease: data from the ICTUS study

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Matteo Cesari ◽  
Natalia Del Campo ◽  
Sandrine Andrieu ◽  
Birong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground:To estimate the impact of comorbid diabetes on caregiver stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from the Impact of Cholinergic Treatment Use (ICTUS) study.Methods:Using the Data from the ICTUS study, diabetes mellitus (DM) was recorded at baseline and caregiver burden was assessed twice per year using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale. The three-factorial model of ZBI (the effect on the social and personal life of caregivers, the psychological burden and the feelings of guilt) was adopted. Linear mixed models were used to examine the relation between DM and the scores of ZBI.Results:The present analyses were conducted on 1,264 AD subjects. A total of 156 patients (12.3%) had DM with taking antidiabetic medication and/or self-report of a history. At baseline, the caregivers of patients with or without DM had similar ZBI global scores and similar scores of three different factors of ZBI. Unadjusted and adjusted models both indicated that ZBI global score increased over a 24-month follow-up without significant effect of DM. Similarly, unadjusted model showed that DM was not determining any significant difference in the score of any factor. However, adjusted model indicated that in diabetic patients, the scores of the social and personal life of caregivers and the psychological burden increased more slowly than those in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively).Conclusions:DM may affect the caregivers’ daily social and personal life and psychological burden in AD patients. It is necessary for further research.

Selective impairment in effortful information processing in major depression

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Hammar ◽  
Anders Lund ◽  
Kenneth Hugdahl
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Automatic Information ◽  
Healthy Control

AbstractAutomatic and effortful information processing in depressed patients was investigated by a visual search paradigm, in order to examine dysfunctional effortful processing in depressed patients. Twenty-one patients with major depression, according to the DSM–IV, and with a moderate depression measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale score at >18 participated in the study. The healthy control group was matched for age, gender, and level of education. Half of the trials involved only one type of distractor, and the other half of the trials involved two types of distractors being presented. The results show that the performance of the depressed patients was equal to the control group when the target was easily recognized with only one type of distractor present. However, when target detection required a more difficult and complex attentive search strategy, effortful information processing, the depressed patients needed longer visual search time compared to the controls. Depressed patients seem to have impaired performance on effortful but not automatic information processing. (JINS, 2003, 9, 954–959.)

Sex Differences and Life Event Experiences

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Webb ◽  
Donald Snodgrass ◽  
Jerry Thagard
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Life Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Readjustment Rating Scale ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between the sex of subject and life event experiences. A sample of 90 adult-psychiatric out-patients were administered the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. The range of scores indicating the magnitude of life crisis were used to assess exposure to stress. The results indicated that a majority (75.6%) of the subjects had experienced considerable stress in the year prior to seeking treatment. While there was no significant difference between the sexes in over-all life-event stress scores, a difference was found in the frequency with which men and women experienced seven of the life events. Males reported more involvements with the law (jail, law violations) and more vocational (work, business readjustments) related experiences, whereas, females reported more personal (injury, illness, change in family) events.

scholarly journals Validating Three Common Self-Report Measures of Social Functioning: Implications for Autism Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Kaplan-Kahn ◽  
Natalie Russo ◽  
Grace Iarocci
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Latent Constructs ◽  
Diagnostic Labels ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spectrum Condition

Social functioning difficulties are a core diagnostic feature of autism spectrum condition (ASC) and are commonly assessed in ASC research. Many measures have been created to assess the various dimensions of social functioning; thus, it is important to evaluate how each scale captures these latent constructs in order to integrate results from studies using different measures. The current brief report assessed the convergent validity (at the subscale level) of three commonly used social functioning scales in ASC research: The Autism Quotient, the Multidimensional Social Competence Scale, and the Social Responsiveness Scale. Amongst a sample of nonclinical adults, the scales showed robust convergent validity between theoretically related subscales, indicating sensitivity to variation in social functioning abilities across diagnostic labels.

scholarly journals REiNS: Recommendations for Social Skills Endpoints for Clinical Trials in Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012422
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Janusz ◽  
Bonita P. Klein-Tasman ◽  
Jonathan M. Payne ◽  
Pamela L. Wolters ◽  
Heather L. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Measures

Objective:We reviewed parent-report social skills measures to identify and recommend consensus outcomes for use in clinical trials of social deficit in children and adolescents (ages 6-18 years) with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1).Method:Searches were conducted via PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov to identity social skills outcome measures with English language versions used in clinical trials in the past 5 years with populations with known social skills deficits, including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Measures were rated by the Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis (REiNS) Neurocognitive Committee on patient characteristics, use in published studies, domains assessed, availability of standard scores, psychometric properties, and feasibility to determine their appropriateness for use in NF1 clinical trials.Results:Two measures were ultimately recommended by the committee – the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) and the Social Skills Improvement System- Rating Scale (SSIS-RS).Conclusions:Each of the two measures assesses different aspects of social functioning. The SSIS-RS is appropriate for studies focused on broader social functioning, while the SRS-2 is best for studies targeting problematic social behaviors associated with ASD. Researchers will need to consider the goals of their study when choosing a measure, and specific recommendations for their use are provided.

scholarly journals Examining Psychedelic-Induced Changes in Social Functioning and Connectedness in a Naturalistic Online Sample Using the Five-Factor Model of Personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Weiss ◽  
Victoria Nygart ◽  
Lis Marie Pommerencke ◽  
Robin L. Carhart-Harris ◽  
David Erritzoe
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Induced Changes

The present study examines prospective changes in personality traits relevant to social functioning as well as perceived social connectedness in relation to the naturalistic use of psychedelic compounds in an online volunteer sample. The study also examined the degree to which demographic characteristics, social setting, baseline personality, and acute subjective factors (e.g., emotional breakthrough experiences) influenced trajectories of personality and perceived social connectedness. Participants recruited online completed self-report measures of personality and social connectedness at three timepoints (baseline, 2weeks post-experience, 4weeks post-experience). Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in outcomes and the moderation of these outcomes by covariates. The most substantive changes were reductions in the personality domains Neuroticism, and increases in Agreeableness and social connectedness. Notably, reductions in Neuroticism and increases in Agreeableness covaried over time, which may be suggestive of common processes involving emotion regulation. Preliminary evidence was found for a specific effect on a component of Agreeableness involving a critical and quarrelsome interpersonal style. Although moderation by demographic characteristics, social setting, baseline personality, and acute factors generally found limited support, baseline standing on Neuroticism, perspective taking, and social connectedness showed tentative signs of amplifying adaptive effects on each trait, respectively. Our findings hold implications for the potential use of psychedelics for treating interpersonal elements of personality pathology as well as loneliness.

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