Interactive effects of personality and friendship networks on contextual performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hua Lee ◽  
Lih-Shing Yang ◽  
Kuang Man Wan ◽  
Guan-Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Personality Characteristic ◽  
Contextual Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Organizational Science

In this research 505 valid questionnaires collected from 17 selected companies including nonprofit organizations, insurance companies, and manufacturing firms were used to gauge the normalized in-degree centrality of a friendship network. Social network analysis techniques were administered. The aim in this research was to present a model of how friendship networks and the personality characteristic of conscientiousness could intensify individual contextual performance of the employee. Theories and research investigations on different disciplines such as social and organizational science were integrated to develop the model. The results indicate that the interaction between conscientiousness and friendship networks explains a significant incremental amount of the variance in employee individual contextual performance.

scholarly journals The Transformation of DSN-MUI Fatwa in The Unit-Linked Products: A Contemporary Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-322
Author(s):  
Atik Abidah
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Laws And Regulations

This article aims to review more concretely how the fatwa position of DSN-MUI toward Sharia Insurance in Indonesia's legal system and how this fatwa is transformed by insurance companies in the form of Unit Link products. Researchers used library research methods, comparative and correlative approaches, and content analysis techniques to answer this. Based on the analysis, the position of the fatwa of DSN-MUI toward Sharia Insurance is hierarchically equivalent to the position of the laws and regulations based on the provisions stated in Article 1 paragraph 3 of Law No. 40 of 2014 on Insurance. Furthermore, from the aspect of transformation, it is found that there are three patterns of transformation used by insurance companies; there are patterns of adoption, expansion, and narrowing. The narrowing pattern is widely used because of the technical nature of the Unit Link. However, from the aspect of conformity with the fatwa, after the transformation process is carried out, especially in the fatwa of the DSN-MUI regarding wakalah bil ujrah by expanding the meaning of ujrah, it is resulted in deviations from sharia principles, especially considering the types of ujrah as stated in a limited manner in the fatwa. wakalah bil ujrah. This research contributes to providing a way to resolve the implementation of Unit Link.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas secara lebih konkrit bagaimana posisi fatwa DSN-MUI tentang Asuransi Syariah dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia dan bagaimana fatwa ini ditransformasikan oleh perusahaan asuransi dalam produk unit link. Untuk menjawab hal ini, peneliti menggunakan metode library research, pendekatan komparatif dan korelatif serta teknik content analysis. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan fatwa DSN-MUI tentang Asuransi Syariah secara hierarkis setara dengan kedudukan peraturan perundang-undangan berdasarkan ketentuan yang tersurat dalam Pasal 1 ayat 3 UU No. 40 Tahun 2014 tentang Perasuransian. Selanjutnya, dari aspek transformasi, ditemukan tiga pola transformasi yang digunakan oleh perusahaan asuransi yakni pola adopsi, perluasan, dan penyempitan. Pola penyempitan banyak digunakan lantaran sifat teknis dari unit link. Sedangkan dari aspek kesesuaian dengan fatwa setelah dilakukan proses transformasi, khususnya dalam fatwa DSN-MUI tentang wakalah bil ujrah dengan melakukan perluasan makna ujrah mengakibatkan adanya penyimpangan terhadap prinsip syariah khususnya tentang jenis ujrah sebagaimana disebutkan secara limitatif dalam fatwa wakalah bil ujrah. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memberikan jalan penyelesaian implementasi unit link yang selama ini dianggap bermasalah.

scholarly journals Giving syphilis and gonorrhea to friends: Using in-person friendship networks to find additional cases of gonorrhea and syphilis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Rosenbaum ◽  
Jacky Jennings ◽  
Jonathan Ellen ◽  
Laurel Borkovic ◽  
Jo-Ann Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Networks ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Sexual Contacts

Abstract Background: Syphilis and gonorrhea reached an all-time high in 2018. The resurgence of syphilis and gonorrhea requires innovative methods of sexual contact tracing that encourage disclosure of same-sex sexual contacts that might otherwise be suppressed. Over 75% of Grindr mobile phone application users report seeking “friendship,” so this study asked people diagnosed with syphilis and gonorrhea to identify their friends.Methods: Patients at the two Baltimore sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics and the Baltimore City Health Department were asked 12 questions to elicit members of their friendship networks before eliciting sexual networks. The study included 353 index cases and 172 friendship contacts, yielding a friendship network of 331 non-isolates (n=331) and sexual-only network of 140 non-isolates. The data were plotted and analyzed using exponential family random graph analysis.Results: Eliciting respondents’ in-person social contacts yielded 12 syphilis cases and 6 gonorrhea cases in addition to the 16 syphilis cases and 4 gonorrhea cases that would have been found with sexual contacts alone. Syphilis is clustered within sexual (odds ratio=2.2, 95% confidence interval (1.36, 3.66)) and social contacts (OR=1.31, 95% CI (1.02, 1.68)). Gonorrhea is clustered within reported social (OR=1.56, 95% CI (1.22, 2.00)) but not sexual contacts (OR=0.98, 95% CI (0.62, 1.53)). Conclusions: Eliciting friendship networks of people diagnosed with syphilis and gonorrhea may find members of their sexual networks, drug use networks, or people of similar STI risk. Friendship networks include more diagnosed cases of syphilis and gonorrhea than sexual networks alone, especially among populations with many non-disclosing men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW). Future research should evaluate whether this friendship network method of contact tracing can be implemented by adapting automated mobile phone COVID-19 contact tracing protocols, if these COVID-19 contact tracing methods are able to maintain anonymity and public trust.

scholarly journals Primary Determinant of Budgetary Slack in Small Manufacturing Firms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tia Fitriani ◽  
Bobby Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
Agency Relationship ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Primary Determinant

This study intendsto examine the effect of budget emphasis and budget participation on budgetary slack practiced in small manufacturing companies. The practices of budgetary slack are often thought to occur only in large companies, but depends on agency theory it can be apply to any agency relationship at every level and type of organization, the practices of budgetary slack, as a form of control costs, or part of agency costs, is suspected to occur in small manufacturing companies. Budgetary slack is worth investigating because this practice does not provide real economic results for the company. This research was conducted through a survey of 80 small manufacturing companies located in Tangerang. Data analysis techniques used linear regression.The resulthas indicatethat: (1)budgetemphasis isthe maindeterminantof budgetary slack practice; (2) budget participation, although it has a strong correlation with budgetary slack, is a significant determinant of small manufacturing companies.

scholarly journals Giving syphilis and gonorrhea to friends: Using in-person friendship networks to find additional cases of gonorrhea and syphilis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Rosenbaum ◽  
Jacky Jennings ◽  
Jonathan Ellen ◽  
Laurel Borkovic ◽  
Jo-Ann Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Networks ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Sexual Contacts

Abstract Background: Syphilis and gonorrhea reached an all-time high in 2018. The resurgence of syphilis and gonorrhea requires innovative methods of sexual contact tracing that encourage disclosure of same-sex sexual contacts that might otherwise be suppressed. Over 75% of Grindr mobile phone application users report seeking “friendship,” so this study asked people diagnosed with syphilis and gonorrhea to identify their friends. Methods: Patients at the two Baltimore sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics and the Baltimore City Health Department were asked 12 questions to elicit members of their friendship networks before eliciting sexual networks. The study included 353 index cases and 172 friendship contacts, yielding a friendship network of 331 non-isolates (n=331) and sexual-only network of 140 non-isolates. The data were plotted and analyzed using exponential family random graph analysis. Results: Eliciting respondents’ in-person social contacts yielded 12 syphilis cases and 6 gonorrhea cases in addition to the 16 syphilis cases and 4 gonorrhea cases that would have been found with sexual contacts alone. Syphilis is clustered within sexual (odds ratio=2.2, 95% confidence interval (1.36, 3.66)) and social contacts (OR=1.31, 95% CI (1.02, 1.68)). Gonorrhea is clustered within reported social (OR=1.56, 95% CI (1.22, 2.00)) but not sexual contacts (OR=0.98, 95% CI (0.62, 1.53)). Conclusions: Eliciting friendship networks of people diagnosed with syphilis and gonorrhea may find members of their sexual networks, drug use networks, or people of similar STI risk. Friendship networks include more diagnosed cases of syphilis and gonorrhea than sexual networks alone, especially among populations with many non-disclosing men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW). Future research should evaluate whether this friendship network method of contact tracing can be implemented by adapting automated mobile phone COVID-19 contact tracing protocols, if these COVID-19 contact tracing methods are able to maintain anonymity and public trust.

scholarly journals Impact of Dividend Policy on Shareholders’ Wealth: An Empirical Analysis of Listed Insurance Companies in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD SHABEER KHAN ◽  
DR. SAID SHAH ◽  
SYEDA UROOJ BABER
Keyword(s):  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Retention Ratio ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the impact of dividend policy on shareholders’ wealth using secondary data of 17 listed insurance companies in Pakistan employing non-probability convenience sampling for 2012-2015. Shareholders’ wealth is used as dependent variable measured by earning per share whereas dividend policy as independent variable measured by three ratios namely dividend per share, Retention ratio and dividend payout ratio. Analysis techniques include descriptive statistics, regression analysis and correlation analysis. The results show that all the independent variables impact dependent variable positively with dividend per share and retention ratio significant at 5%. Moreover study reveals that the theory of dividend irrelevancy failed in the case of insurance industry of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Friendship network composition and subjective well-being

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefa Awaworyi Churchill ◽  
Russell Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Network Heterogeneity ◽  
Network Composition ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Using data from the UK’s Community Life Survey, we present the first study to examine the relationship between heterogeneity in one’s friendship network and subjective well-being. We measure network heterogeneity by the extent to which one’s friends are similar to oneself with regard to ethnicity and religion. We find that people who have friendship networks with characteristics dissimilar to themselves have lower levels of subjective well-being. Specifically, our two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimates, using measures of ethnic and religious diversity based on the Herfindahl-type fractionalization index that are flipped between adjoining rural/urban areas as instruments, suggest that a standard deviation increase in the proportion of one’s friends from different ethnic (religious) groups is associated with a decrease of 0.276 (0.451) standard deviations in subjective well-being.

Practices in Engineering Analysis, Education, and Ethics as Applied to Consulting in Biomechanical Forensics

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Wojcik
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Educational Theory ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Client Needs

The demand for experts in the field of biomechanics continues to grow due to claim investigations by insurance companies and legal matters involving issues such as product liability, negligence, and workers’ compensation. Practitioners who consult in biomechanical forensics must balance client needs with sound engineering analysis techniques, ethical experimental design, and reasonable interpretations of published data. Once an analysis has been completed and opinions have been presented to the client, the task of presenting the results of the technical analysis to attorneys, judges, and jury members who are often unsophisticated in their understanding of scientific concepts in ways that are understandable, accurate, and not misleading can be a challenge even for experienced testifiers. Always being mindful of scientific and engineering ethics and being aware of aspects of educational theory can help to give new consultants confidence in their positions and make them more effective in their deposition and trial testimony.

scholarly journals Alcohol and sex: the influence of friendship networks on co-occurring risky health behaviors of U.S. adolescents

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwon Chan Jeon ◽  
Patricia Goodson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender

Background: U.S. adolescents face the reality that engaging in one risky health behavior facilitates co-occurring risky behaviors. Moreover, adolescents may change their behaviors to develop new friendships or to match the behavior of existing friends. These relationships among friends can lead to increase in risk-taking. Methods: Utilizing a nationally representative saturated sample (n=901) with friendship network data from two large schools in the Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study examined the influence of friendship network structure upon adolescents’ sexual intercourse and alcohol consumption in tandem. Results: Findings highlighted that, in one school, adolescents in denser and smaller friendship networks were at higher risk for engaging in sexual intercourse and drinking alcohol simultaneously. Additionally, in this school, network attributes (i.e., out-degree and betweeness) and adolescents’ age were associated with an increased risk of sexual intercourse and drinking behaviors. In the other school, more diffused friendship networks seemed to pose less risk of engaging in these two risk behaviors in tandem. Moreover, engagement in risky behaviors was significantly predicted by teens’ age and gender, but there were no effects of network attributes on adolescents’ risky behaviors. Conclusion: The influence of friendships on adolescents’ sexual intercourse and drinking alcohol may play out in different ways, depending on the size and composition of the friendship networks and adolescents’ characteristics. Therefore, structural features of friendship networks, such as denser and smaller networks, and characteristics of adolescents (i.e., age and gender) should be considered in developing intervention programs to reduce adolescents’ risky behaviors.

scholarly journals Peer effects and scholastic achievement: spatial models estimates using the student friendship network at the classroom level

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Isabel Pessoa de Arruda Raposo ◽  
Tatiane Almeida de Menezes ◽  
Ricardo Carvalho de Andrade Lima ◽  
Ricardo Zimmerle da Nóbrega
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Peer Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Identification Strategy

This paper evaluates the peer effects on individual academic performance. The identification strategy considers the architecture of friendship networks within classrooms, in addition to group and individual fixed effects. Estimates of spatial autoregressive models show that an increase of one standard deviation (sd) in peers’ math grade improves by 6% sds the student’s grade. Furthermore, when we also consider the indirect friendship bonds, the aggregate peer impact raises to 45% sds of the individual math grade.

scholarly journals The Effect of Premium on Profit of Life Insurance Companies in Sharia Units of Pt Panin Dai-Ichi Life Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridwan Tabe
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Life Insurance Company ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Anova Table

Abstract:This study discusses the effect of premiums on life insurance company profits in Sharia Unit of PT Panin Dai-Ichi Life Indonesia's. The main problem is the effect of premiums on profits of Life Insurance companies in Sharia Unit of PT Panin Dai-Ichi Life Indonesia from 2012-2016.The type of research method is quantitative. The population in this study is financial statements from PT Panin dai-Ichi Life Indonesia, while the sample is financial statements from 2012 - 2016. Data analysis techniques used in this study are normality test, hypothesis test, and T test using simple linear regression analysis.The results of this study concluded that the premium has an effect on profit where the value of T count - 4.366 <from the value of T table l2.101. While the significance is 0,000 smaller than 0.05 and for the value of F count is 19,067 > 4.41 F table. The significance of anova table 0.000 is smaller than 0.05, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It means that, there is a significant effect of premium on profit.Keywords: Premium, Profit, Life Insurance

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