scholarly journals Сlinical and morphological case of cervical cancer due to HIV-associated infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
O. V. Vorobeva ◽  
A. V. Lastochkin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Young Patient ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Cancer Of The Cervix ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Hiv Negative

Cervical cancer ranks second in the structure of mortality of malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. Of particular interest is cervical cancer in patients with HIV infection, which develops more rapidly than in HIV-negative women. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to analyze the clinical and morphological case of the development of cervical cancer with HIV infection and to describe the features of metastasis in a young patient.Materials and methods. A postmortem examination was carried out, the material of the accompanying documentation (case history, outpatient card) was studied, a histological examination of the material was carried out (staining with hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical examination for CK5/14, p16, p63).Research results. In a young patient (41 years old), HIV-infected, the cervix is revealed with destructive changes, ulceration, with signs of infiltrative growth, with the growth of the tumor structure into the surrounding tissues. Squamous cell non-keratinizing cancer of the cervix of a moderate degree of differentiation was histologically exposed. In the analyzes — CD4+ lymphocytes 18 cells/ml. The peculiarity and rarity of the presented clinical and morphological case is that against the background of the aggressive course of cervical cancer, there is an absence of characteristic metastases, there is a pronounced infiltrating growth and germination of atypical cells into the surrounding tissues, with the development of severe complications.

Global line-1 hypomethylation as novel biomarker for cervical cancer in Nigerian women living with HIV.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17513-e17513
Author(s):  
Yinan Zheng ◽  
Jonah Musa ◽  
Brian Thomas Joyce ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Demirkan Gursel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

e17513 Background: Nigeria faces a high health burden of cervical cancer (CC), which is worsened by high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Repetitive elements (RE) are DNA sequences that occur in multiple copies throughout the human genome. HIV infection can lead to RE hypomethylation that causes genome instability, an event often seen in the early phase of tumorigenesis. We aim to examine global RE hypomethylation as a novel epigenetic biomarker for CC among HIV-positive women in Nigeria. Methods: This study involved three groups of women: a) HIV-positive with CC (n=39); b) HIV-positive and cancer-free (n=52); and c) HIV-negative with CC (n=23). We estimated three types of global RE methylation in cervical tissue using genome-wide methylation data: long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1), Alu, and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV). We used multiple linear regression adjusting for age, education, parity, employment, cancer stage, body mass index, and sample batch to compare the biomarkers across the HIV/ICC groups and paired t-test to compare 26 pairs of tumor vs. surrounding normal tissues, stratified by HIV status. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the ROC (AUC) were used to examine the diagnostic value. Results: Among HIV-positive women, all 3 global RE methylation biomarkers were hypomethylated in CC compared to cancer-free (LINE-1: mean difference [MD]=-0.049, p-value=2.9e-8; Alu: MD=-0.011, p-value=2.0e-4; HERV: MD=-0.013, p-value=1.7e-6). Paired analyses showed a larger, more significant MD in HIV-positive stratum than HIV-negative, especially LINE-1 (MD=-0.048 vs. -0.020, p-value=0.004 vs. 0.254). LINE-1 achieved the highest AUC (0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.95) in distinguishing tumor tissue from normal tissue among HIV-positive women, followed by HERV (0.82, 95% CI: 0.73-0.92) and Alu (0.60, 95% CI: 0.47-0.72). Conclusions: Global LINE-1 hypomethylation may serve as a novel biomarker for CC screening and early detection for women living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries.

HPV Positivity and Risk of Cervical Cancer according to HIV-Infection: A Comparative Assessment in the Population of Cameroonian Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Martin SOSSO ◽  
Michel Carlos TOMMO TCHOUAKET ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Rachel Kamgaing Simo ◽  
Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cervical Lesion ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Epithelial Lesion ◽  
Oncogenic Hpv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Cervical cancer, caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), remains a global health challenge. In HIV highly-burdened settings, it would be relevant to understand the severity of cervical cancer in case of co-infection with HPV. We therefore sought to determine the effect of HPV on the occurrence of cervical lesions among women with versus without HIV-infection. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted throughout 2012 among 257 women living in Yaoundé, Cameroon. HIV serology, genotyping of high-risk oncogenic HPV and cervical vaginal smear (CVS) were performed for all participants; among those reported to be HIV seropositive, HIV plasma viral load and CD4 count were measured. Results of the CVS were interpreted following the Bethesda 2001 guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed using Graph Pad version 6.0; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean age of our study participants was 37 ± 6.5 years. According to HIV serology, 184 (71.59%) were HIV-positive vs. 73 (28.40%) HIV-negative women, with a similar age distribution respectively (36 ± 2.80 years versus 42 ± 8.48 years). Among HIV-positive women, median CD4 was 438 [IQR: 317–597] cells/mm3 and median viremia < 40 [IQR: <40 − 2318] copies/mL. Following successful genotyping, the prevalence of high-risk oncogenic HPV was 36.32% (73/201), with a significantly higher proportion among those with HIV-infection (41.98% [55/131] vs. 25.71% [18/70]; p = 0.02; OR = 2.1). CVS revealed 31.74% (97) normal cervix; 38.91% (100) inflammation; 16.34% (42) low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion; 6.34% (18) high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion. Overall rate of cervical lesions was 23.34% (60/257), with a non-significantly higher proportion in HIV-infected participants (25.00% [46/184] versus 19.17% [14/73]; p = 0.31). Of relevance, the presence of high-risk oncogenic HPV was significantly associated with cervical lesions (p < 0.0001; OR = 5.07), with a higher risk of cervical lesion among HIV-positive (p < 0.0001 and OR = 5.67) versus HIV-negative (p = 0.03 and OR = 3.83). Conclusion Though oncogenic HPV appears as an independent factor of the occurrence of cervical lesions, the risk of cervical lesion is substantially higher among HIV/HPV co-infection compared to HPV-infection alone. Thus, prevention of cervical cancer should be prioritised for women living with HIV-infection in HPV-endemic settings.

scholarly journals Invasive cervical cancer in HIV-infected women in low-income countries: experience from Côte d'Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Edouard N’guessan ◽  
Moctar Toure ◽  
Jean-Marc Dia ◽  
Franck Gbeli ◽  
Privat Guie
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Aims: To assess experience in the management of invasive cervical cancer in HIV- infected women in a sub-medical setting. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients with cervical cancer at the University Hospital of Treichville between 2012 and 2016. The association between HIV infection and epidemiological data was investigated using the chi-square test. Survival data were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 99 women with cervical cancer were included in the study; 49 (49.5%) of whom were HIV positive. The average age of patients was 51.5 years. HIV testing was performed in 53.1% after the diagnosis of cancer. Virtually all (98%) of women living with HIV had received antiretroviral therapy. Their median CD4 was 382 elements / ml. HIV infected Women were significantly younger than HIV-negative women. The median survival rate for patients living with HIV was 9.6 months Versus 15 months for HIV-negative patients. HIV infection was associated with a significant increase in deaths and a shorter survival among patients with cervical cancer. Conclusions: Cervical cancer is more aggressive in HIV infected women. Overall survival was significantly shorter when the patients were infected with HIV.

scholarly journals COVID-19 restrictions and changing sexual behaviours in HIV-negative MSM at high risk of HIV infection in London, UK

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054768
Author(s):  
Iain Hyndman ◽  
Diarmuid Nugent ◽  
Gary George Whitlock ◽  
Alan McOwan ◽  
Nicolò Girometti
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions have affected attendance to and delivery of UK sexual healthcare services (SHS). We surveyed the impact on sexual behaviour of men having sex with men (MSM) to inform future SHS provision.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based survey among HIV-negative MSM at high risk of HIV infection who attended 56 Dean Street, a sexual health and HIV clinic. The survey was conducted over a 7-day period in August 2020. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and related mental well-being experienced during lockdown (defined as 23 March–30 June 2020) were extracted. Categorical and non-categorical variables were compared according to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use.Results814 MSM completed the questionnaire: 75% were PrEP users; 76% reported they have been sexually active, of which 76% reported sex outside their household. 75% reported fewer partners than prior to lockdown. Isolation/loneliness (48%) and anxiety/stress (27%) triggered sexual activity, and 73% had discussed COVID-19 transmission risks with their sexual partners. While 46% reported no change to emotions ordinarily experienced following sex, 20% reported guilt for breaching COVID-19 restrictions. 76% implemented one or more changes to their sexual behaviour, while 58% applied one or more steps to reduce COVID-19 transmission during sex. 36% accessed SHS and 30% reported difficulties in accessing testing/treatment. Of those who accessed SHS, 28% reported an STI diagnosis. PrEP users reported higher partner number, engagement in ‘chemsex’ and use of SHS than non-PrEP users.ConclusionsCOVID-19 restrictions had a considerable impact on sexual behaviour and mental well-being in our survey respondents. High rates of sexual activity and STI diagnoses were reported during lockdown. Changes to SHS provision for MSM must respond to high rates of psychological and STI-related morbidity and the challenges faced by this population in accessing services.

Clinical outcomes of syphilis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM: occurrence of repeat syphilis episodes and non-treponemal serology responses

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054887
Author(s):  
Silvia Achia Nieuwenburg ◽  
Ricardo Jamie Sprenger ◽  
Maarten Franciscus Schim van der Loeff ◽  
Henry John Christiaan de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectivesHIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at a higher risk of repeat syphilis, have different clinical manifestations and have a different serological response to treatment compared with HIV-negative MSM. The objective of this study was to assess whether HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM with infectious syphilis (primary, secondary or early latent) differed in history of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage and non-treponemal titre of initial and repeat episodes, and the titre response 6 and 12 months after treatment. Furthermore, determinants associated with an inadequate titre response after treatment were explored.MethodsThis retrospective analysis used data of five longitudinal studies (four cohorts; one randomised controlled trial) conducted at the STI clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants were tested for syphilis and completed questionnaires on sexual risk behaviour every 3–6 months. We included data of participants with ≥1 syphilis diagnosis in 2014–2019. Pearson’s χ² test was used to compare HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM in occurrence of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage of initial and repeat syphilis episode and non-treponemal titre treatment responses.ResultsWe included 355 participants with total 459 syphilis episodes. HIV-positive MSM were more likely to have a history of previous syphilis episodes compared with HIV-negative MSM (68/90 (75.6%) vs 96/265 (36.2%); p<0.001). Moreover, HIV-positive MSM with repeat syphilis were less often diagnosed with primary syphilis (7/73 (9.6%) vs 36/126 (28.6%)) and more often diagnosed with secondary syphilis (16/73 (21.9%) vs 17/126 (13.5%)) and early latent syphilis (50/73 (68.5%) vs 73/126 (57.9%)) (p=0.005). While not significantly different at 12 months, HIV-negative MSM were more likely to have an adequate titre response after 6 months compared with HIV-positive MSM (138/143 (96.5%) vs 66/74 (89.2%); p=0.032).ConclusionsIn repeat syphilis, HIV infection is associated with advanced syphilis stages and with higher non-treponemal titres. HIV infection affects the serological outcome after treatment, as an adequate titre response was observed earlier in HIV-negative MSM.

Cytokeratins in the Histological Diagnosis of Malignant Tumors

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moll
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Merkel Cells ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Serological Tumor

Cytokeratins, which comprise a multigene family of 20 related polypeptides (CKs 1–20), are constituents of the intermediate filaments of epithelial cells, in which they are expressed in various combinations depending on the epithelial type and the degree of differentiation. Of these, CK 19 (400 amino acids; 44.1 kilodaltons) is an example of a widely distributed CK, being expressed in various epithelia, including many simple epithelia. In contrast, the recently identified CK 20 (424 amino acids; 48.6 kilodaltons) is essentially confined to gastrointestinal epithelia, the urothelium and Merkel cells. The differential expression of individual CKs in various types of carcinomas makes them useful markers for histopathological carcinoma subtyping, providing relevant information concerning the differentiation and origin of carcinomas, especially when tumors first present as metastases. The CKs that are of particular value for differential diagnosis include CK 20, as it is mainly expressed in carcinomas derived from CK 20-positive epithelia; it is also found in bile-tract, pancreatic and mucinous ovarian adenocarcinomas, being absent in most other carcinomas. In certain carcinoma types, the changes in the expression of individual CKs that may occur during tumor progression could be of prognostic relevance. It remains to be established whether the serological detection of fragments of not only widely distributed but also more restrictedly expressed CKs may provide useful serological tumor markers in the future.

scholarly journals Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake among Women in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria: A Community-Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajibola Idowu ◽  
Samuel Anu Olowookere ◽  
Aderonke Tolulope Fagbemi ◽  
Olumuyiwa Ayotunde Ogunlaja
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
North Central ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Cancer Of The Cervix

Introduction. Cancer of the cervix is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in developing countries. Screening is one of the most cost effective control strategies for the disease. This study assessed the determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among Nigerian women.Methodology. This cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage sampling technique among 338 participants in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. A pretested questionnaire was used for data collection and data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis while binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Statistical significance was set atp<0.05.Results. Only 8.0% of the respondents had ever been screened for cancer of the cervix. The proportion of women who had ever been screened was significantly higher among those who demonstrated positive attitude to screening (81.5%,p=0.001), respondents who were aware of the disease (100.0%,p=0.001), and those who were aware of cervical cancer screening (88.9%,p=0.001). Respondents who had negative attitude had 63% lesser odds of being screened compared to those who had positive attitudes towards screening (AOR; 0.37, 95% CI; 0.01–0.28).Conclusion. There is urgent need to improve the knowledge base and attitude of Nigerian women to enhance cervical cancer screening uptake among them.

Abstract WP426: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haralabos Zacharatos ◽  
Malik M Adil ◽  
Ameer E Hassan ◽  
Sarwat I Gilani ◽  
Adnan I Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: There is limited data regarding the unique attributes of ischemic stroke among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There is no published data regarding the occurrence and outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) among HIV infected persons. Methods: The largest all-payer Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS 2002-2010) data was used to identify and analyze all patients presenting with the primary diagnosis of SAH in the United States. Among this cohort, we identified the patients who were not HIV positive and those who were HIV positive. Patient demographics, medical co-morbidities, in-hospital complications, in-hospital procedures, and discharge disposition were compared between the two groups. The association between HIV infection and outcomes was evaluated in multivariate analysis after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Of the 351,491 patients admitted with SAH, 1367 (0.39%) were infected with HIV. HIV infected patients were younger, mean age [±SD] of 45 ±14.2 years versus those who were not 58±19 years, (p<0.0001). The rate of blood transfusion [27,286 (7.8%) versus 245.6 (18%), p=0.0003], mechanical ventilation [51,199 (14.6%) versus 316.1(23.1%), p=0.008], and sepsis [14,644 (4.2%) versus 236.1 (17.3%), p<0.0001] was significantly higher among HIV infected patients. After adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, coagulopathy, atrial fibrillation, renal failure, and dyslipidemia, HIV negative patients had a significantly higher rate of discharge to home (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6, p<0.0001) and lower in-patient mortality (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3-0.5, p<0.001). Further adjustment for blood transfusion and sepsis reduced the odds of discharge to home for the HIV negative patients, from 1.9 to 1.7 but did not affect in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: The in-hospital mortality in HIV infected patients with SAH is higher despite these patients being younger than non-HIV infected patients. We believe that this study provides a nationwide perspective which may have some important implications for early recognition and diagnosis of HIV-infection in SAH patients.

Geochemical characteristics and geologic significance of rare earth elements in oil shale of the Yan’an Formation in the Tanshan area, in the Liupanshan Basin, China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Lianfu Hai ◽  
Qinghai Xu ◽  
Caixia Mu ◽  
Rui Tao ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Ree Distribution ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

In the Tanshan area, which is at the Liupanshui Basin, abundant oil shale resources are associated with coals. We analyzed the cores, geochemistry of rare earth elements (REE) and trace element of oil shale with ICP-MS technology to define the palaeo-sedimentary environment, material source and geological significance of oil shale in this area. The results of the summed compositions of REE, and the total REE contents (SREE), in the Yan'an Formation oil shale are slightly higher than the global average of the composition of the upper continental crustal (UCC) and are lower than that of North American shales. The REE distribution pattern is characterized by right-inclined enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) and relative loss of heavy rare earth elements (HREE), which reflects the characteristics of crustal source deposition. There is a moderate degree of differentiation among LREE, while the differences among HREE are not obvious. The dEu values show a weak negative anomaly and the dCe values show no anomaly, which are generally consistent with the distribution of REE in the upper crust. The characteristics of REE and trace elements indicate that the oil shale formed in an oxygen-poor reducing environment and that the paleoclimatic conditions were relatively warm and humid. The degree of differentiation of REE indicates that the sedimentation rate in the study area was low, which reflected the characteristics of relatively deep sedimentary water bodies and distant source areas. The results also proved that the source rock mainly consisted of calcareous mudstone, and a small amount of granite was also mixed in.

scholarly journals Slow clinical improvement after treatment initiation in Leishmania/HIV coinfected patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenael Freire de Souza ◽  
Fernando Biscione ◽  
Dirceu Bartolomeu Greco ◽  
Ana Rabello
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Hiv Negative

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil there is a large area of overlap of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and HIV infection, which favored a increased incidence of coinfection Leishmania/HIV. METHODS: This study evaluated 65 consecutive patients with VL and their clinical response to treatment in two health care settings in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. RESULTS: At baseline, the clinical picture was similar between both groups, although diarrhea and peripheral lymphadenomegaly were more frequent in HIV-infected subjects. HIV-positive patients had lower median blood lymphocyte counts (686/mm³ versus 948/mm³p = 0.004) and lower values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (48IU/L versus 75.6IU/L p = 0.016) than HIV-negative patients. HIV-positive status (hazard ratio = 0.423, p = 0.023) and anemia (HR = 0.205, p = 0.002) were independent negative predictors of complete clinical response following antileishmanial treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces that all patients with VL should be tested for HIV infection, regardless of their clinical picture. This practice would allow early recognition of coinfection with initiation of antiretroviral therapy and, possibly, reduction in treatment failure.

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