scholarly journals Factors affecting the TB screening indicators in people living with HIV in the regions of Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Z. M. Zagdyn ◽  
E. V. Verbitskaya ◽  
E. G. Sokolovich ◽  
N. A. Belyakov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Surveys ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Screening Measures

The aim of the study is to know the tuberculosis screening measures and factors affecting their effectiveness among people living with HIV in the Northwestern District of the Russian Federation. In the study the data obtained from federal statistical surveys on HIV and tuberculosis during 2007–2018 have been used. In several regions of the Northwestern District there is a significant decrease in the results of the screening measures (p<0,05): in Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Pskov regions and Karelia Republic, which is associated with the density of cumulation of patients with advanced stages of HIV-infection (s=0,81, p<0,001) and with the share of subjects tested positively for HIV, but not registered at the AIDS Centers in the year of obtaining the positive results. In the regional TB/HIV programs it is necessary to take into account the level of cumulation of HIV cases on advanced stages in the region and the resources should be directed towards the tuberculosis screening among the patients who are on advanced HIV stages.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF FORECAST ON THE INFLATION LEVEL IN SFD TAKING INTO ACCOUNT DYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Olga S. Sivash ◽  
Roman S. Usenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Inflation is a complex multilateral process, which, in general, has a negative impact on the economy, reduces the level of economic activity of the population and leads to a decrease in the level of real income. The article studies the main constituent elements of the inflation category, reveals the parameters of the impact on the economy of the inflation process, studies the dynamics of factors affecting the forecast inflation rate in the Southern Federal District, develops a regional multifactor inflation model, and based on the approximated data, a forecast of the annual inflation rate is constructed in the Southern Federal District at the end of 2020. The most significant factors affecting the inflation rate in the Russian Federation were identified from the position of the direction of their influence: acceleration or deceleration of inflation, as well as from the point of view of their degree of influence on the inflation rate. At the same time, the influence of the coronavirus pandemic and fluctuations in the oil market on the economic parameters in the Russian Federation in 2020, on the price level of individual food and non-food products was examined. The analyzed indicator of the inflation rate is defined as an indicator of the state of the economic situation in the country, it is revealed that this variable will be dependent. Using the methods of correlation and regression analysis, a mathematical expression is found in the form of a regression model and its adequacy and statistical significance are evaluated. The coefficient of pair correlation, which characterizes the degree of statistical dependence between two variables, without taking into account the influence of other variables, was adopted as the main indicator characterizing the relationship between the analyzed variables. As a result of the calculations, a model of multiple linear regression of the inflation rate was built, the average monthly nominal accrued wages of the employees of the organizations were approximated, and approximation equations were obtained, which made it possible to build an inflation rate forecast for the Southern Federal District for 2019-2020.

TB and HIV in the Russian Federation: Risk Factors of MDR-TB in HIV-infected Patients (review)

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Living With Hiv

In the article, a review of foreign and Russian literature suggests that both multidrug-resistant tuberculosis spread and the HIV epidemic are factors maintaining the high tuberculosis burden worldwide and in the Russian Federation. The main transmission pathway for HIV-infection in the Russian Federation, as well as in other countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, is now attributed to heterosexual contact, which has surpassed the intravenous injection route of transmission. A rise in heterosexual risk of HIV transmission is accelerating epidemic progression amongst the general population, thereby contributing to a generalization of the epidemic process. The authors also provide an analytical review of publications related to risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis development in HIV-infected patients. It is found that such literature is limited in foreign countries, as well as in the Russian Federation. There is information about the general role of HIV infection in tuberculosis burden, but the influence of socio-demographic, epidemiological and clinical factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis development in people living with HIV is not sufficiently studied. Thus, there is a need for further studies designed to analyze the socio-demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in comparison with those who are HIV-negative. Knowledge of the main risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis development in people living with HIV will allow selective and targeted use of resources to achieve effective outcomes in treatment of HIV/TB co-infected patients.

Evaluating the efficiency of the environmental security policy in the Russian regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-649
Author(s):  
G.T. Shkiperova ◽  
P.V. Druzhinin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. Considering the existing environmental situation, it becomes especially important for the State to regulate the anthropogenic footprint on the environment in the Russian Federation. Current amendments to the legislative framework for environmental security are intended to ensure the innovative development of regions concurrently with a reduction in adverse environmental effects and more active environmental policy. Objectives. The research is to devise methodological tools to evaluate the efficiency of environmental policy in regions. Methods. The research employs qualitative and quantitative methods of economic analysis, including statistical and content analysis, rating, matrix zoning. The dataset proceeds from the Federal State Statistics Service, governmental reports on the current environmental situation and environmental protection in the Russian Federation. Results. We propose our own approach to evaluating the efficiency of environmental policy. It may help trace the correlation between the quality of strategic documents and changes in environmental indicators for a certain period, flag the challenging areas in terms of the environmental policy implementation and outline possible development paths. The approach extends the list of quantification indicators in line with those ones adopted internationally and presented in the Environmental Security Strategy of the Russian Federation up to 2025. We evaluated the efficiency of the environmental policy referring to the regions of the Northwestern Federal District for the period from 2012–2016. Conclusions. Having analyzed the evaluation results, most of the Northwestern regions tend to be controversial and ambivalent in setting environmental goals and achieving them. The findings may prove useful as the analytical and data basis for articulating the environmental and economic policy of the regions.

Developing the basis of the matrix model of the regional innovation subsystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2183-2204
Author(s):  
E.I. Moskvitina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Matrix Model ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the formation and implementation of the innovation capacity of the Russian Federation subjects. Objectives. The article aims to develop the organizational and methodological foundations for the formation of a model of the regional innovation subsystem. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis and synthesis, economics and statistics analysis, and the expert assessment method. Results. The article presents a developed basis of the regional innovation subsystem matrix model. It helps determine the relationship between the subjects and the parameters of the regional innovation subsystem. To evaluate the indicators characterizing the selected parameters, the Volga Federal District regions are considered as a case study. The article defines the process of reconciliation of interests between the subjects of regional innovation. Conclusions. The results obtained can be used by regional executive bodies when developing regional strategies for the socio-economic advancement of the Russian Federation subjects.

Methodological approaches to assessing the socio-economic system of the region

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Bessonova ◽  
Y. V. Kelesh
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The author's interpretation of the concept of «socio-economic system of the region» is given in the article. The main stages of methodologies for assessing the socio-economic system are considered. The methodology developed by the authors for assessing the development of the social and economic system of the region is based on the implementation of certain principles, compliance with a number of requirements and consisting of 8 stages. The developed methodology was tested in assessing the development of SES regions in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. 

scholarly journals Pulmonary tuberculosis screening in anti-retroviral treated adults living with HIV in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill K. Gersh ◽  
Ruanne V. Barnabas ◽  
Daniel Matemo ◽  
John Kinuthia ◽  
Zachary Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Hiv Positive Adults ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevalence

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLHIV) who reside in high tuberculosis burden settings remain at risk for tuberculosis disease despite treatment with anti-retroviral therapy and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). The performance of the World Health Organization (WHO) symptom screen for tuberculosis in PLHIV receiving anti-retroviral therapy is sub-optimal and alternative screening strategies are needed. Methods We enrolled HIV-positive adults into a prospective study in western Kenya. Individuals who were IPT-naïve or had completed IPT > 6 months prior to enrollment were eligible. We evaluated tuberculosis prevalence overall and by IPT status. We assessed the accuracy of the WHO symptom screen, GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), and candidate biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio for identifying pulmonary tuberculosis. Some participants were evaluated at 6 months post-enrollment for tuberculosis. Results The study included 383 PLHIV, of whom > 99% were on antiretrovirals and 88% had received IPT, completed a median of 1.1 years (IQR 0.8–1.55) prior to enrollment. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis at enrollment was 1.3% (n = 5, 95% CI 0.4–3.0%): 4.3% (0.5–14.5%) among IPT-naïve and 0.9% (0.2–2.6%) among IPT-treated participants. The sensitivity of the WHO symptom screen was 0% (0–52%) and specificity 87% (83–90%). Xpert and candidate biomarkers had poor to moderate sensitivity; the most accurate biomarker was CRP ≥ 3.3 mg/L (sensitivity 80% (28–100) and specificity 72% (67–77)). Six months after enrollment, the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis following IPT completion was 0.84 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0.31–2.23). Conclusions In Kenyan PLHIV treated with IPT, tuberculosis prevalence was low at a median of 1.4 years after IPT completion. WHO symptoms screening, Xpert, and candidate biomarkers were insensitive for identifying pulmonary tuberculosis in antiretroviral-treated PLHIV.

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