Evaluating the efficiency of the environmental security policy in the Russian regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-649
Author(s):  
G.T. Shkiperova ◽  
P.V. Druzhinin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. Considering the existing environmental situation, it becomes especially important for the State to regulate the anthropogenic footprint on the environment in the Russian Federation. Current amendments to the legislative framework for environmental security are intended to ensure the innovative development of regions concurrently with a reduction in adverse environmental effects and more active environmental policy. Objectives. The research is to devise methodological tools to evaluate the efficiency of environmental policy in regions. Methods. The research employs qualitative and quantitative methods of economic analysis, including statistical and content analysis, rating, matrix zoning. The dataset proceeds from the Federal State Statistics Service, governmental reports on the current environmental situation and environmental protection in the Russian Federation. Results. We propose our own approach to evaluating the efficiency of environmental policy. It may help trace the correlation between the quality of strategic documents and changes in environmental indicators for a certain period, flag the challenging areas in terms of the environmental policy implementation and outline possible development paths. The approach extends the list of quantification indicators in line with those ones adopted internationally and presented in the Environmental Security Strategy of the Russian Federation up to 2025. We evaluated the efficiency of the environmental policy referring to the regions of the Northwestern Federal District for the period from 2012–2016. Conclusions. Having analyzed the evaluation results, most of the Northwestern regions tend to be controversial and ambivalent in setting environmental goals and achieving them. The findings may prove useful as the analytical and data basis for articulating the environmental and economic policy of the regions.

STRATEGIC GROUNDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FARMING IN THE NORTHWEST

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190-1204
Author(s):  
E.A. Shepeleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Federal State ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The need to formulate a strategy for the development of farms in the North-West of the Russian Federation is confirmed by the fact of their significant contribution to maintaining rural areas and ensuring food security in the region. The article proposes recommendations for creating strategic foundations for the development of peasant farm enterprises in the North-West of the Russian Federation, which can be used by the authorities when developing such a strategy. The study is based on the works of both domestic and foreign scientists-economists dealing with the issues of strategic planning considering farms and identifies various nuances of this issue. According to the foreign researchers, it is important for a farmer to find his competitive advantage, and this must be done taking into account the assessment of internal and external opportunities and threats. The analysis used the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for the municipal districts of the Northwestern Federal District, as well as methods of socio-economic analysis, economic and statistical (groupings), SWOT analysis, the problem tree method, the method of typing the municipal districts by A.I. Kostyaev. The study made it possible to propose recommendations for the formation of a strategic framework for developing farms in the North-West of the Russian Federation. Main scenarios for the development of this category of farms in accordance with the determined types of municipal districts and the classification of alternative farming strategies existing in modern science were identified, and SWOT was carried out, i.e., the analysis of the peasant farm enterprise development from the point of view of the farmer and the state. Also a problem tree for developing these farms was built, taking into account the specifics of the Northwestern Federal District, which made it possible to identify the difficulties that hinder the successful functioning of farms. In order to improve the functioning of peasant farm enterprises in the region, measures are recommended that should become the basis for the development strategy of these farms in the North-West of the Russian Federation, including: increasing state support, improving the legal framework, expanding educational programs and consulting activities, supporting the sales market by the government authorities.

Analysis of gynecological morbidity and the trend of development of stationary gynecological care in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna V. Fomina ◽  
Fatima G. Dzidzarija ◽  
Evgenia V. Bivol
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Gynecological Care ◽  
The City

Background: Due to a quantitative decrease in the demographic reserve and a qualitative decrease in the reproductive potential of the country, protecting the reproductive health of women in Russia has now become an emergency situation. The obstetric and gynecological service is of major importance in maintaining reproductive health and conducting a comprehensive demographic policy. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of gynecological morbidity in the Russian Federation, the Central Federal District, the city of Moscow, and the organization of stationary gynecological care. Material and methods: The official statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Health of Russia for 20092018, as well as data from copies of the medical records (medical history, records of patients discharged from the hospital) of patients who received treatment in a gynecological day patient facility between 2015 and 2017. Results: A decrease in the number of gynecological beds by 32.2% over 10 years was noted. At the same time, the level of primary and general incidence of inflammatory diseases of the female pelvic organs did not decrease; between 2014 and 2018, there has been an increase in the incidence of primary female infertility. Non-inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs prevail (76.6%) as reason for admission in the day patient facility. Conclusion: The gynecological day patient facility manages female health; however, the nationwide and regional incidence rate of gynecological morbidity follows a negative trend and is increasing annually.

scholarly journals First experience using telemedicine technologies in ophthalmology of the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
O.V. Kolenko ◽  
◽  
M.V. Pshenichnov ◽  
E.L. Sorokin ◽  
M.G. Grekov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
High Demand ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Key Words Telemedicine ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Far Eastern

Purpose. Evaluation of the first experience in organizing systematic telemedicine consultations/conciliums between the national medical research center and medical organizations in the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) of the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The analysis of organizational and technical difficulties in creating of stable system of planned and unscheduled telecommunication events between the Khabarovsk branch of the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution (Khabarovsk branch) and assigned to it medical organizations of the 3rd level, providing ophthalmological care for patients from 8 administrative territories of the FEFD. Results. Organizational and methodological department was created in the Khabarovsk branch, which clarified and eliminated the factors that impeded of telemedicine consultations/conciliums for ophthalmologists of medical organizations of the 3rd level; a set of organizational measures was taken to register these medical organizations in the Federal Register of Medical Organizations, in the Unified State Information System in the Field of Healthcare; the equipment necessary for communication was purchased and technically prepared; methodological assistance was provided in setting up equipment in the regions, including on-site visits; backup connections of several providers have been created; an algorithm for preliminary notification of regional ophthalmologists about the knowledge transmission has been worked out; an organizational algorithm for forming a request for telemedicine consultations has been tested. For 2019–2020 the Khabarovsk branch conducted 32 knowledge transmissions, 560 telemedicine consultations on patients living in the FEFD. Conclusion. The introduction into the daily clinical ophthalmologists practice in the FEFD of system of periodic telecommunication events between the Khabarovsk branch and assigned medical organizations of the 3rd level after the elimination of organizational and technical difficulties showed a high demand, allowing consultations on patient management in accordance with modern standards of ophthalmological care. Key words: telemedicine, teleophthalmology, Far Eastern Federal District, knowledge transmission, telemedicine consultations

scholarly journals HISTORICAL NATURE OF MIGRATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Lyudmila I. Nikonova ◽  
Albina I. Minakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Central State ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Historical Nature

According to the Constitution of Russia, the Russian Federation is a federal state and consists of 85 equal subjects, which are characterized by a high degree of diverse conditions and the state of social and economic development. As an object of research of migration processes, the authors considered Mordovia, included in the Russian Federation on the rights of an autonomous republic in 1936. This region of the Volga Federal District is one of the important subjects of the Russian Federation, as it is endowed with extensive areas, developed industry, good ecology, hundreds of museums; it is characterized by a multi-ethnic population structure. The authors consider the main characteristics of spatial mobility of the Mordovian Territory population from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The main tendencies of migration processes development are described. Much attention is paid to the historical nature of migration, based on scientific research and state statistics. Formation of polyethnicity of the Mordovian Republic developed historically due to different factors and events. Events of the Second World War, which provoked refugee from Western countries to the regions of Russia, location of camps with war prisoners in the territory of the Republic, industrialization and development of industrial enterprises, which required an influx of foreign specialists and workers in imported equipment maintenance, job placement after graduation from higher educational institutions of the USSR fraternal countries, the change of social status: admission of international students, interethnic marriages. The factors of adaptation of displaced persons in the aspect of socio-cultural interaction with local residents in the Republic of Mordovia are of particular importance. The multifaceted study of polyethnicity in the Mordovian Republic actualizes the historical analysis, which shows the role played by the representatives of foreign peoples in forming the polyethnicity of the region, for which the authors provide statistical data of the All-Union censuses of the population of 1959, 1970 and 1979, the All-Russian census of 2002 and 2010, as well as archival materials, which are located in the Central State Archives of the Republic of Mordovia.

scholarly journals TRENDS IN LIFE EXPECTANCY OF THE POPULATION OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT (2005-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-596
Author(s):  
Yury A. Grigoryev ◽  
O. I. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Demographic Indicator

Introduction. Life expectancy is the most important medico-demographic indicator, closely related to the social and economic conditions of the life of the population. Material and methods. Statistical data for the work was obtained on websites of the Federal State Statistics Service and Siberian District Medical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. To analyze the changes in the life expectancy of the population in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) for 2005-2016 and the short-term prognosis, the Microsoft Office application (MS Excel) capabilities were used and several options for approximating the annual increase in life expectancy were considered using the following trends: linear, logarithmic, degree (polynomial of the third degree). Results. The analysis of the trends indicates a “fading” nature of the gain in the life expectancy. In some SFD areas in 2014-2016, there is a slowdown in the rising life expectancy or even a decline in the index. This may indicate to a certain depletion of the resource of reducing the mortality rate with the exogenous determination (primarily from injuries and poisonings). The actual dynamics of life expectancy and mortality rates in SFD and its regions were compared with the target milestones for 2018. Their levels and trends in SFD are much worse than in the country as a whole. By the index of life expectancy, the difference between SFD and the target milestones in 2016 was 4.19 years, which is almost twice as much as in the Russian Federation. The lag will not be overcome, as for the last three years, the annual gain was only 0.39 years. This is slightly larger than in the Russian Federation, but obviously not enough to achieve the target milestones. Conclusion. The data given show the problem of reducing the mortality rate and increasing life expectancy can be solved only if the value of health on the scale of both public and personal assessment changes at the wide distribution of practice of healthy lifestyles.

scholarly journals The regions of Russia: specifics of socio-economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat’yana Pozdnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product

The Federal District, as the highest link in the economic zoning of the Russian Federation, is the most important element of the national economic system, which largely determines the features of its functioning. The article provides an overview of the internal differences of the federal districts of the Russian Federation in terms of gross regional product. This indicator is one of the most important indicators of the specificity of the socio-economic development of the regions, and also, to a certain extent, reflects the possibility of their balanced functioning. Based on the official data presented on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service, the federal districts of Russia were ranked according to the indicator under study and their typology was presented. Within the framework of this typology, groups are identified that reflect the differences between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the distribution of gross regional product per capita in federal districts with its value above or below the average Russian level, respectively. Within each federal district, entities with maximum and minimum values of gross regional product per capita were identified. On this basis, an intra-district imbalance coefficient is calculated, reflecting the degree of the gap in the levels of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the corresponding federal district. A brief description of the federal districts belonging to two different types is given in terms of the balance of their socio-economic development. The general trend of dependence of the coefficient of intra-district imbalance on the level of regional development is shown. There are some features that need to be taken into account when formulating development programmes and strategies at the federal district gape.

scholarly journals Determination of the level of regional morbidity of the population based on data on anthropogenic load

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-319
Author(s):  
Alla Martynova ◽  
Roman Mikhaylov ◽  
Sergei Pryanichnikov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

The aim of the work is to determine the external, anthropogenic environmental factors that negatively affect the morbidity of the population and associated nosologies. The knowledge gained in this area will allow us to identify the adverse impacts of man-made nature and identify tools for environmental quality management to promote public health. Geoinformation data will help to identify the areas with the most intense environmental situation in the Murmansk region. It will also identify the dominant diseases in these areas. Mining and metallurgical enterprises mainly contribute to the pollution of the territory of the region: Kola MMC, Severonikel, Phosagro, Kovdor mining and processing plant, North-Western Phosphorus Company, Olkon and Rusal, as well as the nuclear fleet and fish processing enterprises, power supply facilities. The air basin is dominated by fluoride compounds, which are the emissions of ethylene into the atmosphere. Data on the demographic situation and medical statistics, including data on general morbidity and mortality, were obtained from the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics for Murmansk Region, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Department of Monitoring, Analysis and Strategic Development of Health Care, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Central Research Institute for the Organization and Informatization of Health Care” of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of Murmansk Region. The medical and environmental analysis of adverse factors in the regions of Murmansk region was carried out taking into account the environmentally dependent diseases of the adult population. The assessment of the morbidity of the population in the Murmansk region showed that several areas with a tense environmental situation are identified in the region. Diseases of the respiratory system, digestive system, genitourinary system, and musculoskeletal system are leading in the structure of overall morbidity.

On the incidence of genitourinary pathology in residents of the Chechen Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Laura Alimsultanova ◽  
Olga Bazaeva ◽  
Dzhabrail Dindigov ◽  
Elena Zyazina ◽  
Raisa Khachukaeva
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The Body ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Genitourinary System ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article considers result of studying the prevalence of diseases of the genitourinary system among residents of the Chechen Republic, a comparative analysis of the incidence rates in the republic for diseases of the genitourinary system with similar indicators in the Russian Federation and the North Caucasian Federal District is carried out. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the incidence of diseases of the genitourinary system and urolithiasis in residents of the Chechen Republic (CR) with similar rates from all over Russia and the North Caucasian Federal District. Statistical data on the incidence of these nosologies in 2014 and 2015 according to the Federal State Statistics Service across the Russian Federation (RF), in the Chechen Republic, as well as in the North Caucasian Federal District was used as a method of research. Analysis of statistics on the incidence of diseases of the genitourinary system, prevalence of urolithiasis, chronic renal failure in Russia as a whole showed a clear tendency to increase in these indicators over the past decades. Previous studies have found that drinking water obtained from the rivers of the Chechen Republic and its tributaries is one of the main pathways for delivering trace elements, including heavy metal salts, to the body of residents of Chechnya. With this factor in mind, a much worse situation in the Chechen Republic was revealed than across Russia and in the North Caucasian Federal District. As a result of the study, it was found that the overall incidence of genitourinary pathology, chronic renal failure, rates of the newly detected incidence of the genitourinary system, urolithiasis and chronic renal failure during the study period was significantly higher in the Chechen Republic. Although the overall incidence of urolithiasis in the Chechen Republic did not exceed similar rates in Russia and the North Caucasian Federal District, it increased significantly in 2015 in comparison with 2014.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS AND REGIONAL GRADIENTS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE MORBIDITY OF POPULATION IN THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (69) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Леонид Манаков ◽  
Leonid Manakov ◽  
Виктор Колосов ◽  
Viktor Kolosov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Far Eastern

There was done analysis of epidemiological monitoring of respiratory diseases (RD) on the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD), which allows to assess the levels, structure and regional features of the spread of pathology among different populations and territorial formations, the dynamics of the disease and its relationship with the environmental factors of the region. To organize the study, the methods of cluster, structural and comparative analysis, predictive modeling, dynamic series analysis, statistical and information-analytical methods, databases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation were used. The epidemiological analysis of the main indicators of RD level and dynamics in the FEFD territory indicates the presence of regional differences in the registered morbidity, the degree of which is due to the natural-climatic and socio-demographic characteristics of the habitat. 77.8% of the region's subjects are in the zone of low morbidity. At the same time, the values of maximum and minimum levels of general and primary RD morbidity in the region differ by 2.2 and 2.4 times, respectively, becoming the most pronounced among the adult population (by 3.6 times). In chronic bronchitis and COPD, the regional gradients of the registered morbidity are 10.9 and 9.8 times, respectively. It was found that the values of the primary RD morbidity in children's population in the FEFD are 14.4% higher than at the federal level, and among the adult population the gradient of values has the opposite indicators: 24.9% lower. At the same time, if the incidence of pneumonia in the region is 15.2% higher than the incidence of pneumonia in the Russian Federation as a whole, the incidence of chronic forms of RD in the region is 17.3-28.9% lower than at the federal level. The level of primary RD morbidity in 2005-2016 in the Far Eastern Federal District increased by 23.3%, including bronchial asthma (by 20.3%) and COPD (by 47.7%), and the incidence of pneumonia significantly decreased. At the same time, the average annual rate of increase in primary RD morbidity is higher than in the Russian Federation as a whole. This is shown by the predictive model of morbidity dynamics, the linear trends of which are more progressive in the FEFD compared to the dynamics at the federal level. The rate of positive dynamics of morbidity, significantly exceeding the same rate of morbidity growth at the federal level, indicates an increase in the level of availability and quality of medical care for patients with pulmonological profile, timely and early detection of chronic forms of respiratory diseases, positive motivation of the population for treatment in medical organizations. These trends in the dynamics of the registered morbidity are due to the active introduction of effective methods of diagnosis and treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, preventive and educational programs implemented both at the federal and regional level.

Characteristics of the Dynamics of Living Standard Indicators of the Novosibirsk Region Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 291-315
Author(s):  
Olga Voronkova ◽  
◽  
Anastasia Garenskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents a comparative analysis of the dynamics of indicators of living standards of the population in the Novosibirsk region, the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole. The aim of the study is to determine how the indicators of the standard of living of the population of the Novosibirsk region relate to similar indicators for the Russian Federation and the Siberian Federal District and to identify the presence of general and special trends, patterns in changes during the period under review. Data from the Federal State Statistics Service, including data from its territorial bodies and data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation were used as an information base. At the initial stage of the study, the authors calculated the share of the population with monetary incomes below the subsistence level for the Siberian Federal District, since Rosstat does not consider this indicator for the level of federal districts, and a number of nominal indicators adjusted for real prices. The growth rate of all the indicators under consideration for the study period was then calculated. The work used a dynamics analysis and an approach based on a combination of statistical, systemic and comparative analysis methods. Based on the study, we can say that most indicators of the standard of living of the population for the Novosibirsk region correspond to the trends observed in the Russian Federation and the Siberian Federal District. In the case of some indicators, such as the level of employment, the incidence per 1000 people, etc., it can be stated that the growth rate is multi-directional compared to the Russian Federation and the Siberian Federal district. In general, the authors did not see any patterns in the dynamics of changes in indicators for NSOs. The study covers 2011-2018, with few exceptions.

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